punishment and how far the technique can motivate the students in improving students’ reading skill. The observer will interview the English
teacher and students. This interview will conduct before and after the implementation of Classroom Action Research.
3. Field notes
This field notes is taken by the observer, this is the informal notes written by teacher when she conducts teaching and learning process. The
data may already be selective and focused on a particular issue, for instance to analyze the student interaction and questioning technique
3
. The purpose of this technique is to know and analyze how far the technique giving reward
and punishment can influence students’ reading skill.
4. Test
The test is given to the students in order to know how well the students’ reading score after giving technique of giving rewards and
punishment.
E. Technique of Data Analyzing
The technique of data analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis percentage and the analysis qualitative data used in this study is the
observation of students’ activities during teaching learning process and the interview before and after classroom action research and the teacher’ activity in
classroom and the situation of classroom. In completing the numerical data, the writer tries to get the average of
students’ reading score within before the the implementation and every cycle in
3
Michael J. Wallace, Action Research for Language Teachers, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006, p. 59
order to know how well the technique giving reward and punishment in the
classroom.
It is the formula;
4
x X =
N X : mean
x : individual score N : number of students
Then, the writer tries to get the class percentages which pass the KKM 65 of English lesson at SMP Dua Mei Ciputat. It is the formula:
5
F P = X 100
N P : the class percentage
F : total percentage score N : number of students
Then, the writer analyzes the students’ reading score from pre-test up to post- test and she uses the formula:
y1 - y P =
X 100 Y
P : percentage of students’ improvement y : pre-test result
4
Sudjana, Metoda Statistika, Bandung: PT. Tarsito, 2002, p. 67.
5
Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008, p. 43.
