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Applied studies are related to the experimental studies and these were also very few accounting for 2.7 of all the studies. Mostly they were related to aquaculture experiments such as the cage culture of Siganus spp. Bwathondi,
1981a, the aquaculture of rabbit fish and milkfish in ponds at Makoba Mmochi et al., 1996, 1999 and the experimental culture of oysters, Saccostrea cucccullata, in the habour area of Zanzibar Jiddawi, 1989. Talbot
and Newell 1957 attempted the first study on fish aquaculture in marine ponds in Zanzibar. The fish cultured in the experiment was Tilapia, although Chanos chanos later invaded the ponds and became very successful as well.
These studies have started to have a positive implication among the people in some areas of Tanzania that have shown great interest of establishing mariculture ponds.
3.3.5 Review studies
Most of the fisheries reports that were examined 41 are of review nature. These studies presented the general information on fisheries in different parts of the country and the West Indian ocean region, for example Cushing, 1985, Maembe, 1988;
Jiddawi et al., 1992, 1994, Mhando and Jiddawi, 1998. Several reports discuss fisheries development in the country and priorities for fisheries management Boerema, 1981, FAO, 1982, Ardill, et al., 1991. The reviews also provide information
on the status and trends of exploitation of marine fisheries in Tanzania Bwathondi and Ngoile, 1982; Nhwani, 1983, Bryceson, 1985; Ngoile, 1988,. The reports also review specific fisheries such as the pelagic fisheries Nhwani, 1983,1988
and the demersal fisheries Ngoile, 1982, Pratap, 1982, Bensted-Smith, 1987, Jiddawi, 1997a. Mhitu and Jiddawi, 1999. Environmental conservation in the artisanal fisheries sector has also been reviewed for the Tanzania mainland Mwamsojo,
1999 and in Zanzibar Jabir et al., 1999.
3.3.6 Other type of studies
Fishery resource surveys have been grouped in other type of studies and forms 12 of all the studies. All the fish resource surveys conducted by Research Vessels in Tanzania waters and the region fall under this category. These
surveys include the surveys conducted by Dr Fidjitof Nansen in the 19980s Anon, 1982a; Iversen et al., 1985, the survey by R.V Prof Mestyasev Birkett, 1978, Venema, 1984 and the surveys conducted by Mbegani fisheries
Institute through its research vessel MV Mafunzo Van Nierop, 1987b, Msumi, 1986, 1987, 1988. These surveys provided an insight on the fishery potential and stock abundance in the Tanzanian waters. The Fishery
acts and policies also belong to this category Anon, 1993; Maembe, 1984 as well as sociological and economical studies on fisheries Mapunda1983, Chachage, 1988, Saleh, 1992, Nasser, 1995, Soley, 1997. Studies on shark
trade and fish export Ameir, 1995, Barnett, 1997 and legal aspects of fishing in Tanzania Christy, 1981; Lamwai, 1988, Anon, 1999 have been included in this list.
3.4 Research methodology
