2.3 Achievement
Achievement is another important concept being dealt with in this research. In this research, achievements can be categorized as achievement in academic performance
and social development in acquiring English language by using cooperative learning approach.
i Achievement in Academic Performance
Achievement in academic performance refers to the positive effects of cooperative learning on academic achievement among the students. It also means that cooperative
learning can promote higher academic achievement and greater motivation than individual learning. Students can achieve higher scores on academic examinations such
as PMR and SPM. They also have higher proficiency in critical reasoning strategies and abilities.
ii Achievement in Social Development
Achievement in social development refers to the positive effects of Cooperative learning on social relationships among students in the same group. All students, regardless of their
ability levels and social backgrounds have the opportunity to develop positive and productive relationships Slavin, 1985. Positive and productive relationships promote
communication and increase the participation of students. It is believed that through this cooperative learning, students can learn from each other and establish closer ties and
become more confident.
2.4 Literature in English
Literature in English is also an important concept frequently referred to in this research. The English language curriculum in KBSM advocates the use of literature in the
English language lesson. Since the implementation of the KBSM English Language Programme in Secondary Schools in Malaysia, the literature is taught through two
channels which are, the incorporation of literary materials in school textbooks and the Class Reader Programme.
The literature in English component aims to enrich language learning, inculcate the reading habit among students, improve language proficiency as well as infuse an
appreciation of literary works.
Beginning in 2001, the literature component has been included in the SPM English Language Paper. For Form 4 literature component, students have to study six
poems and five short stories. For Form 5 literature component, students have to study at least one novel.
Hence, it is important for students to learn to comprehend and to answer correctly on the examination questions so that they can perform well in the literature component in
the SPM English papers Lim and Yong, 2005.