B. Discussion
The clauses which students made in their compositions reflected the use of the basic clauses. The use of the basic clauses reflected students’ mastery over
English. Therefore, the fact that students used those basic clauses reveal their mastery over English since the mastery, in this study, meant students’
comprehension and skill over English which is reflected through the use of the basic clause patterns in the compositions. Students’ mastery over the basic clause
patterns could be revealed through their distributions. Each pattern of the basic clause had its own distribution which was
different from each other. Table 4.1 showed the frequency of the distribution of basic clause pattern from the most frequent up to the least frequent. However, to
know the contribution of the basic clause patterns’ distributions towards the students’ mastery over each basic clause pattern, there were two comparisons of
SVA and SVOA pattern which gave some insights. As seen in Table 4.2, SVA pattern, of which the distribution frequency
was the highest, had the distribution frequency of 284 or 34,38 with the correct clauses’ frequency of 109 or 38,38 and 175 or 61,62 for the intended clause
frequency. Meanwhile, Table 4.3 showed that the second highest distribution frequency which was SVOA pattern with its frequency of 206 or 24,94. Out of
that frequency, its correct clauses were only 75 or 36,41, the intended clauses were 131 or 63,60, and the difference was 56 or 27,18.
From those two comparisons, it could be seen that the distribution frequency of SVA and SVOA pattern showed that they were the two highest used
basic clause patterns above all. It was because students used those two patterns more frequently than the others. However, although they were the two most
commonly used patterns, it did not always mean that those patterns were the ones which students really master. If it was viewed from the comparison on the
distribution frequencies between the correct clauses and the intended clauses, the correct clauses of both patterns were found to be low. This fact explained that
students still needed to improve their mastery over these patterns. Therefore, it could be concluded that first, although the distribution of
both SVA and SVOA patterns became the two highest frequencies above all, it did not mean that students really mastered those patterns. It was because the
distribution frequencies of both patterns, which were only 284 or 34,38 for SVA and 206 or 24,94 for SVOA, were less than half of all frequencies of the seven
basic clauses patterns. Furthermore, this fact explained that the category of students’ mastery over certain basic clause pattern did not start with the category
of excellent, but the category of good. In addition, SVA and SVOA, hereby, were not included in the category of good, but insufficient since the correct clauses’
frequencies of both patterns were low compared to the intended ones. The second consideration that students did not really master those patterns
was that the correct clauses’ frequencies of those patterns were low, those were 109 or 38,38 for SVA and 75 or 36,41 for SVOA. Therefore, it could be
concluded that students’ mastery over those basic clause patterns was insufficient and students needed to improve their mastery over those patterns.
The third basic clause pattern which was in the third grade of the clause pattern distribution frequency was SVC. Occupying the third rate of the clause
pattern distribution with the frequency of 148 or 17,92, this pattern had much higher frequency of the correct clauses compared to the intended clauses. The
frequency of the intended clauses was 52 or 35,13. Meanwhile, the frequency of the correct clauses was 96 or 64,86. The correct clause frequency exceeded the
intended clauses frequency with the difference frequency of 44 or 29,73. Considering the comparison between the correct and intended clauses’ frequency,
it meant that although SVC pattern was in the third place of the clause pattern distribution, students’ mastery over this pattern regarded to be in the category of
good .
The pattern which had the closest frequency of the correct clauses with SVC pattern was SV pattern. Although this pattern occupied the fifth rate of the
distribution of clause patterns with the frequency of 52 or 6,29, the comparison between the correct clauses and the intended clauses was also significant. The
correct clauses frequency of SV pattern was 32 or 61,54 while the intended clauses frequency was 20 or 38,46. It resulted to the difference between the
correct and intended clauses, which was 12 or 23,08. From these distributions, it could be said that the frequency of the correct clauses was much higher than the
intended clauses. Therefore, it led to the conclusion that students were able to apply SV pattern and were able to make more correct clauses using this pattern. In
brief, since both patterns of SVC and SV had the higher frequencies of the correct
clauses than the intended clauses, students’ mastery over these patterns was included in the category of good.
Apart from SVC and SV patterns which were in the third and fifth rate of basic clause patterns distributions, the forth place of the clause pattern
distribution, meanwhile, was occupied by SVO pattern with the frequency of 113 or 13,68. The comparison between the correct clauses, 52 or 46,02, and the
intended clauses, 61 or 53,98, resulted to the difference between them which was 9 or 7,96. Based on SVO distribution frequency, it could be seen that the
correct clauses frequency almost reached half of the distribution frequency of this pattern. Therefore, students’ mastery over SVO pattern was regarded as fair.
In accordance with SVO pattern, the pattern of SVOO could be closely associated. SVOO pattern was in the seventh sequence of the clause pattern
distributions with the distribution frequency of 7 or 0,85. The frequency of the correct clauses was 3 or 42,86 while the intended clause frequency was 4 or
57,14. As a result, the difference between the correct clauses and intended clauses became 1 or 14,28.
If the accordance between SVO and SVOO patterns was seen in the matter of clause pattern distribution, SVOO pattern, 7 or 0,85, had a very big gab
compared with SVO pattern, 113 or 13,68. This was because the difference between both patterns was very significant. Although in the seventh rate, it did not
mean that students were not able to apply SVOO pattern at all. The low distribution frequency of SVOO pattern could be of another reason to say, that
was because of the restriction on its use and the easiness of the replacement of this
clause with SVOA by the existence of the preposition “to”. This preposition could easily alternate SVOO pattern to be SVOA pattern.
However, the accordance tended to be seen in the matter of the correct clauses frequencies between SVO and SVOO patterns. Therefore, the frequency
of the difference between both patterns could be said not to have any significance since the relation between the two patterns was related in the matter of the correct
clauses’ frequencies. The distribution frequency of the correct clauses of SVOO pattern was just the same case as SVO pattern because the correct clauses’
frequency of SVOO pattern almost reached half of its clause pattern distribution frequency. Hereby, it could be said that students’ mastery over SVOO pattern was
regarded as fair. In other words, SVO and SVOO reflected the fact that students’ mastery over those patterns was fair.
The last pattern, but not the least one, to discuss was SVOC. This pattern was in the sixth sequence of the clause pattern distribution with the frequency of
16 or 1,94. Different from all patterns, this pattern reflected very significant comparison on its distribution because of the comparison between the correct
clauses frequency and intended clauses frequency. It could apparently be concluded that the difference between both frequencies was very big, which was
10 or 62,5. In relation to the distribution frequency of SVOO pattern, the distribution
frequency of SVOC pattern was also low, which was only 16 or 1,94. This frequency, the same with SVOO pattern, did not only lead to the conclusion of
students’ low mastery over this pattern, but also led to the consideration towards the reasons why this pattern has low distribution.
There were several reasons why SVOC pattern had a very low distribution frequency. The low distribution frequency of this pattern was because this pattern
was considered not to be very applicable in students’ compositions that they rarely used this pattern. Moreover, this pattern requires certain verbs which can only be
followed by objects and complements. The sentence We have proved him wrong 37 has the word prove as the verb which is followed by him which serves as the
object and wrong which serves as the complement. Another example was Henry got his feet very wet
45. In this case, got serves as the verb, his feet serves as the object, and wet serves as the complement. These kinds of verbs become very
limited and rarely used when the verbs are applied with objects and complements within the SVOC pattern. As a result, students might consider it difficult to use.
As seen in Table 4.7, the distribution frequency of SVOC pattern also led to the conclusion of students’ low ability over SVOC pattern. Table 4.8 shows
that since the correct clauses’ frequency which was only 3 or 18,75 compared to the intended clause frequency, which was 13 or 81,25, SVOC pattern’
distribution was said to be very low. Therefore, it reflected that students’ mastery over this pattern was categorized as poor.
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
This chapter presents the research conclusion and the research suggestion. The research conclusion section presents the conclusions of the study regarding
the research analysis of the basic clause patterns and their distributions from the previous chapter. Meanwhile, the research suggestion section presents the
suggestions for the English teachers, learners, and other researchers.
A. Conclusions
After the researcher analysed the data of the basic clause patterns in students’ composition, the research finally arrived at some conclusions. The first
conclusion was based on the first and second research question: How are the basic clause patterns distributed and what basic clause patterns are commonly used by
eleventh grade students of SMKN 2 Depok in their descriptive texts? Based on the data which were analysed, all of the seven basic clause patterns were proved to be
used by students in their compositions and each basic clause pattern had its own frequency which determined the distribution. The higher the frequency of a
certain basic clause patterns, the higher distribution it had. The distributions of the seven basic clause patterns were sequenced from
one up to seven. The sequence of the basic clause patterns based on their distributions were: 1. SVA, 2. SVOA, 3. SVC, 4. SVO, 5. SV, 6. SVOC, 7.
SVOO. These grades presented the information of the distribution frequencies which were graded from the highest until the lowest.