commit to user
wordidiom form, choice, usage, and meaning confused or difficult to understand.
9-7 VERY POOR: usually translate word by word, not good enough of
English vocabulary, idioms, word form. 25-22
EXCELENT TO VERY GOOD: effective, grammatically, few errors of agreement, tense, number, word orderfunction, articles, pronouns,
prepositions 21-18
GOOD TO AVERAGE: effective but simple, several errors of agreement, tense, number, word orderfunction, articles, pronouns,
prepositions, but meaning seldom confused. 17-11
FAIR TO POOR: major problem in simplearranged a sentence, frequent errors of negation, agreement, tense, number, word
orderfunction, articles, pronouns, preposition andor fragments , meaning confused
10-5 VERY POOR: does not know the grammar rule dominated by
errors. 5
EXCELENT TO VERY GOOD: few errors of spelling, punctuation, capitalization, paragraphing.
4 GOOD TO AVERAGE: occasional errors of spelling, punctuation,
capitalization, paragraphing. 3
FAIR TO POOR: frequent errors of spelling, punctuation, capitalization, paragraphing.
2 VERY POOR: dominated by errors of spelling, punctuation,
capitalization, paragraphing
The score of every single aspect can be drawn below:
No Categories
Score
1 Content
30 2
Organization 20
3 Vocabulary
20 4
Grammar 25
5 Mechanics
5 Total
100
C. Techniques of Collecting Data
The data of the research were collected by using qualitative and quantitative methods. Reichardt and Cook 1979 in Nunan 1992: 4 argue that
Qualitative method concerns with understanding human behavior, subjective, and focuses on process orientation, while Quantitative method concerns with the facts
or causes social phenomenon, objective, and focuses on outcome orientation.
commit to user The techniques of collecting the qualitative data are:
1. Interview
As Dexter 1970 in Guba and Linclon 1985: 265 suggests, it is a conversation with a purpose. It involves the teacher and some students to
know the class manage ment, the students‟ perception about the teaching
model in the classroom and the problem faced in the classroom. The writer conducted the interview before and after implementing the
technique. 2.
Observation Observation is defined as the unobtrusive watching of behavioral patterns
of people in certain situation to obtain information about phenomenon of interest. It is an important way to collect information about what the
people do not do and what they say do Johnson and Christensen, 2000: 147.
The writer carried out pre-observation to know the obstacles in teaching and learning process and conducted the techniques to solve it. She
observed the class during three meetings. She observed the students‟
attitudes and how the teacher applied the material to the students. Meanwhile, the researcher also conducted observation in collaboration
with the English teacher as the observer to know the class situation during the researcher implemented the techniques in teaching and learning
activities. 3.
Document According to Guba Linclon 1985: 277, the use of document is to
represent any written or recorded material from the inquirer. The examples of documents are:
a Diaries
It was done to know the class management and the situation during ELT activities and it was conducted in the early research pre-
observation. The writer also made note after practicing the technique
commit to user in each meeting. It was used to identify the weakness and the positive
result in teaching and learning process. b
Photographs During the process of teaching and learning, the researcher took some
pictures to complete the data. c
Audiovisual. The researcher also recorded the data formed videos and tape
recording. The video was taken when the researcher taught the students, while the recording was taken after finishing the meeting to
know the students‟ opinion about the technique. Quantitative technique involve
s the students‟ test which covered pre-test and post test to compare the improvement of the students‟ competence before and
after the research.
Table 3.3 Collecting Data
Steps of the Study Participants
Techniques Data
Pre-research Researcher
English Teacher Students
Interview Observation
Giving pre- test
Result of Interview Field notes
Students‟ pre-test score
Implementation Researcher
English Teacher Students
Observation Document
Interview Field notes.
Lesson Plan. Student‟s worksheet. Post Test
Photograph, video, and recording during
Teaching and Learning Process.
The result of interview after implementing the
technique.
Result discussion English Teacher
Researcher Researcher‟s
diary Researcher‟s diary
commit to user
D. Technique of Analyzing Data
