them. The readers of this novel may have a good knowledge on the historical and social background of the novel in order to understand it.
1.2. Statement of Problem
Based on the background of analysis above, Statements of problem to be analyzed in this novel are :
1. Does social class stratification in society make gaps among members of
society? 2.
Do life style differences between black and white people cause social hatred?
3. Does racial injustice result conflicts in society?
1.3. Objective of Analysis
Objective of analysis stands for the object that is going to analyze based on the statements of problem. The objectives of this thesis are :
1. To analyze social social class stratification that make gaps among
members of society. 2.
To analyze social life differences between black and white people that refer to their social history.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
3. To analyze racial injustice that result conflicts.
1.4. Significance of Analysis
The analysis of this thesis is expected to be able to give significance for the readers. Theoritically, this thesis is expected to be able to help the theory of
literature in understanding social condition, especially the relationship between literary works and social condition. While practically, this thesis is expected can
give a reference in analysing social condition in society.
1.5. Theoretical Review
Theoritical review I use in this thesis is Literature as a picture of social condition in society. It means, that literature, as with any art form, holds a mirror
up to society and reflects what is happening in society. Wellek and Austin Warren state that there are two approaching techniques
in analyzing the literary works. They are intrinsic and extrinsic aproach. Intrinsic approach is a kind of approach technique which analyze literary works based on
the text and structural points of literary works; characters, plot, setting, style, point of view, etc. Extrinsic approach is a kind of approach which analyzes the
Universitas Sumatera Utara
relationship between the content and the other discipline of knowledge such as history, religion, psychology, biagraphy, etc.
In this thesis, I use extrinsic approach by relating the story with the history of America. Historical approach is the suitable way to understanding the novel. I
use American history as my reference to compare and find out the similar condition in both of the novel and the history. I also relate my analysis with the
social condition in America during in the middle of 20th century. The most common approach to the relations of literature and society is the
study of works of literature as social documents, as assumed pictures of social reality. As H.A. Taine stated in History of English Literature 1863, “Works of
art furnish documents because they are monuments” Wellek and Warren, 1967: 95 . Used as social document, literature can be made to yield the outlines of
social history. It means that literature is really not a reflection of the social process, but the essence, the abridgement and summary of all history. A social
picture could be assembled for American life from To Kill A Mockingbird. Social Class Stratification in American social life in the middle of 20th century and
Racial issues appeared in this novel.This approach makes us find that the picture stands to the social reality. It is not only an expression of desire of the author but
it is a realistic observation.
1.6. Review to Related Literature
