Karakteristik Ibu yang Melahirkan Bayi Dengan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) di RS Santa Elisabeth Medan Tahun 2009-2013
ABSTRAK
Bayi berat lahir rendah ialah bayi yang lahir dengan berat 2.500 gram atau
kurang tanpa memerhatikan usia kehamilan. Setiap tahun di dunia diperkirakan
lahir sekitar 20 juta bayi berat lahir rendah. Dalam laporan WHO yang dikutip
dari State of the world’s mother 2007 dikemukakan bahwa 27% kematian
neonatus disebabkan oleh berat bayi lahir rendah. Terdapat sebanyak 149 kasus
BBLR di RS Santa Elisabeth Medan dari tahun 2009-2013.
Untuk mengetahui karakteristik ibu yang melahirkan bayi BBLR
dilakukan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain case series. Populasi dan sampel
sebanyak 149 data (total sampling). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif
menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan Kruskall Wallis.
Proporsi berdasarkan sosiodemografi tertinggi pada kelompok umur 20-35
tahun 79,2%, pendidikan akademi/perguruan tinggi 52,3%, pekerjaan ibu rumah
tangga 39,6%, daerah asal Kota Medan 62,4%. Proporsi berdasarkan mediko
obstetri tertinggi terdapat pada umur kehamilan 26-36 minggu 47,0%, paritas
nullipara 49,0%, frekuensi pemeriksaan >4 kali 90,6%, riwayat kehamilan baik
81,2 %. Lama rawatan rata-rata 13,38 hari, keadaan ibu saat pulang sembuh
91,9%, keadaan bayi saat pulang sembuh 75,2%, cara persalinan seksio caesaria
55,7%. Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara umur ibu berdasarkan kategori
BBLR (p=1,000), frekuensi pemeriksaan kehamilan berdasarkan kategori BBLR
(p=0,615), riwayat kehamilan berdasarkan kategori BBLR (p=0,167). Terdapat
perbedaan yang bermakna antara umur kehamilan berdasarkan kategori BBLR
(p=0,0001), lama rawatan rata-rata bayi dengan keadaan sewaktu pulang bayi
(p=0,0001).
Diharapkan kepada pihak rumah sakit untuk melengkapi pencatatan rekam
medik yang berkaitan dengan BBLR seperti umur kehamilan, paritas, frekuensi
pemeriksaan kehamilan, kadar Hb, dan riwayat kehamilan. Meningkatkan
pelayanan dan manajemen khususnya untuk penatalaksanaan medis bagi bayi
yang lahir dengan berat badan lahir rendah sehingga dapat mengurangi tingginya
angka kematian yang disebabkan BBLR.
Kata kunci : Berat badan lahir rendah, Karakteristik ibu
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Low birth weight babies are babies that born with weight 2.500 g or less
regardless of gestational age. Every year in the world about 20 million babies are
estimated born with low birth weight. Based on report by WHO quoted from the
State of the World's Mother in 2007 stated that 27% of neonatal deaths are
caused by low birth weight. There are 149 cases of LBW in Santa Elisabeth
Hospital Medan from year 2009 to 2013.
Descriptive study with case series design are conducted in order to know
the characteristics of mothers that gave birth to babies with low birth weight,.
Population and samples as much as149 data (total sampling). Data were analyzed
descriptively using Chi-Square test and Kruskal Wallis.
The highest sociodemographic proportion in the age group of 20-35 years
79.2%, education academy / university 52.3%, occupation housewives 39.6%,
stay in Medan 62.4%. The highest proportion based on medico obstetric are
gestational age 26-36 weeks 47.0%, parity nullipara 49.0%, antenatal care > 4
times 90.6%, obstetric history 81.2% with good obstetric history. The average
length of stay 13.38 days, mother who discharged as recovered 91.9%, baby who
discharged as recovered 75.2%, Caesaria section 55.7%. There is no significant
difference between maternal age by LBW categories (p = 1.000), between
frequency of antenatal care by LBW categories (p = 0.615), between obstetric
history based on LBW categories (p = 0.167). There is a significant difference
between gestational age based on LBW categories (p = 0.0001), between the
average length of stay of the baby based on the babies state when discharged (p
= 0.0001).
The hospital are expected to complete the medical record, especially
relevant to low birth weight such as gestational age, parity, frequency of
pregnancy examination, Hb, and obstetric history, and also to improve the service
and management specifically the medical treatment for babies born with low birth
weight to reduce the high mortality rate that caused by LBW.
Keywords: Low birth weight, Mother’s characteristic
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Bayi berat lahir rendah ialah bayi yang lahir dengan berat 2.500 gram atau
kurang tanpa memerhatikan usia kehamilan. Setiap tahun di dunia diperkirakan
lahir sekitar 20 juta bayi berat lahir rendah. Dalam laporan WHO yang dikutip
dari State of the world’s mother 2007 dikemukakan bahwa 27% kematian
neonatus disebabkan oleh berat bayi lahir rendah. Terdapat sebanyak 149 kasus
BBLR di RS Santa Elisabeth Medan dari tahun 2009-2013.
Untuk mengetahui karakteristik ibu yang melahirkan bayi BBLR
dilakukan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain case series. Populasi dan sampel
sebanyak 149 data (total sampling). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif
menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan Kruskall Wallis.
Proporsi berdasarkan sosiodemografi tertinggi pada kelompok umur 20-35
tahun 79,2%, pendidikan akademi/perguruan tinggi 52,3%, pekerjaan ibu rumah
tangga 39,6%, daerah asal Kota Medan 62,4%. Proporsi berdasarkan mediko
obstetri tertinggi terdapat pada umur kehamilan 26-36 minggu 47,0%, paritas
nullipara 49,0%, frekuensi pemeriksaan >4 kali 90,6%, riwayat kehamilan baik
81,2 %. Lama rawatan rata-rata 13,38 hari, keadaan ibu saat pulang sembuh
91,9%, keadaan bayi saat pulang sembuh 75,2%, cara persalinan seksio caesaria
55,7%. Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara umur ibu berdasarkan kategori
BBLR (p=1,000), frekuensi pemeriksaan kehamilan berdasarkan kategori BBLR
(p=0,615), riwayat kehamilan berdasarkan kategori BBLR (p=0,167). Terdapat
perbedaan yang bermakna antara umur kehamilan berdasarkan kategori BBLR
(p=0,0001), lama rawatan rata-rata bayi dengan keadaan sewaktu pulang bayi
(p=0,0001).
Diharapkan kepada pihak rumah sakit untuk melengkapi pencatatan rekam
medik yang berkaitan dengan BBLR seperti umur kehamilan, paritas, frekuensi
pemeriksaan kehamilan, kadar Hb, dan riwayat kehamilan. Meningkatkan
pelayanan dan manajemen khususnya untuk penatalaksanaan medis bagi bayi
yang lahir dengan berat badan lahir rendah sehingga dapat mengurangi tingginya
angka kematian yang disebabkan BBLR.
Kata kunci : Berat badan lahir rendah, Karakteristik ibu
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Low birth weight babies are babies that born with weight 2.500 g or less
regardless of gestational age. Every year in the world about 20 million babies are
estimated born with low birth weight. Based on report by WHO quoted from the
State of the World's Mother in 2007 stated that 27% of neonatal deaths are
caused by low birth weight. There are 149 cases of LBW in Santa Elisabeth
Hospital Medan from year 2009 to 2013.
Descriptive study with case series design are conducted in order to know
the characteristics of mothers that gave birth to babies with low birth weight,.
Population and samples as much as149 data (total sampling). Data were analyzed
descriptively using Chi-Square test and Kruskal Wallis.
The highest sociodemographic proportion in the age group of 20-35 years
79.2%, education academy / university 52.3%, occupation housewives 39.6%,
stay in Medan 62.4%. The highest proportion based on medico obstetric are
gestational age 26-36 weeks 47.0%, parity nullipara 49.0%, antenatal care > 4
times 90.6%, obstetric history 81.2% with good obstetric history. The average
length of stay 13.38 days, mother who discharged as recovered 91.9%, baby who
discharged as recovered 75.2%, Caesaria section 55.7%. There is no significant
difference between maternal age by LBW categories (p = 1.000), between
frequency of antenatal care by LBW categories (p = 0.615), between obstetric
history based on LBW categories (p = 0.167). There is a significant difference
between gestational age based on LBW categories (p = 0.0001), between the
average length of stay of the baby based on the babies state when discharged (p
= 0.0001).
The hospital are expected to complete the medical record, especially
relevant to low birth weight such as gestational age, parity, frequency of
pregnancy examination, Hb, and obstetric history, and also to improve the service
and management specifically the medical treatment for babies born with low birth
weight to reduce the high mortality rate that caused by LBW.
Keywords: Low birth weight, Mother’s characteristic
Universitas Sumatera Utara