Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Film Kitosan Molekul Tinggi dengan Hidrogel Gelatin
34
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Achet. D., & He, X, W. 1995. Determination of the Renaturation Level in Gelatin
Films, Polymer, 36,787-791
Agusnar, H., I. Nainggolan, and Sukirman. 2013. Mechanical Properties of Paper
from Oil Palm Pulp Treated with Chitosan from Horseshoe Crab.
Advances in Eviromental Biology. 7(12) : 3857-3860.
Anonima. 1978. Mutu dan Cara Uji Gelatin. Jakarta: Departemen Perindustrian.
Aryanto, A. Y. 2002. Pemanfaatan Khitosan dari Limbah Kulit Udang
(Crustacea) Sebagai Bahan untuk Pembuatan Membran. [Skripsi].
Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Sarjana.
Bastaman S. 1989. Studies on Degradation and Extraction of chitin and Chitosan
From Prawn Shell (Nephrops norvegicus) [Tesis]. Belfast: Faculty of
Engineering, The Quen’s University of Belfast.
DeMan JM. 1997. Kimia Makanan. Terjemahan. K. Padmawinata. Bandung:
Penerbit ITB.
Fessenden,R.J & Fessenden, J.S. 1983. Kimia Organik. Edisi Kedua. Jilid 1.
Erlangga: Jakarta
Gomez-Estaca, J., Lopez de Lecay, A., Lopez-Caballero, M,E., Gomez-Guillen,
M, C., & Montero, P. 2010. Biodegradable Gelatine-Chitosan Films
Incorporated with Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents for Fish
Preservation. Food Microbiolgy
Goosen, M.F.A. 1997. Applications of Chitin and Chitosan. USA : Technomic.
Didalam: Kolodziejska, I., Wojtasz- Pajak, A., Ogonowska, G., dan
Sikorski, Z. E. 2000. Deacetylation of Chitin in two-stage Chemical and
Enzymatic Process.
Hirano, S. 1986.Chitin and Chitosan. In Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial
Chemistry.Completly revised edition.Weinheim,New 34ork.
Jayakumar, R., & Tamura, H. 2008. Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal
Properties of Chitin-g-poly Copolymers by using Chitin Gel. International
Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 43, 32-36
Kanti, P., Srigowri, K., Madhuri, J., Smitha, B., and Sridhar, S., (2004),
Dehydration of Ethanol Through Blend Membranes of Chitosanand
Universitas Sumatera Utara
35
Sodium Alginate by Pervaporation,
Technology, 40, pp. 259-266.
Separation and Purification
Khopkar, SM. 2008. Konsep Dasar Kimia Analitik. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia
Press
Knorr D.1991.Recovery and Utilization of Chitin and Chitosan in Food
processing Waste Management.Food Tech.45 (1):114-122
Knorr D. 1984. Uses Of Chitinous Polymer In Food – A Challenge For Food
Research And Development (Chitin, Chitosan, Functional Properties,
Nutritional Aspects, Safety). Food Technol 38(1)
Kumar Dutta, P., Dutta, J., & Tripathi, V.S. 2004. Chitin and Chitosan:
Chemistry, Properties and Applications. Journal of Scientific & Industrial
Research. Vol. 63, 20-31
Majeti, N.V. and Kumar, R., (2000), A review of chitin and chitosan applications,
Reactive & Functional Polymers, 46, pp. 1-27
Martinou A, Kafetzopoulos D, Bouriotis V. 1995. Chitin Deacetylation by
Enzimatic Means: Monitoring of Deacetylation Processes. Carbohydrate
Research 273:235-242
Micheler, Georg. H. 2008. Electron Microscopy of Polymers. Germany: Springer
Laboratory
Mojarrad JS, Mahboob N, Valizadeh H, ansarin M, Bourbour S. 2006.
Preparation of Glucosamine from Exoskeleton of Shrimp and Predicting
production Yield by Response Surface Methodology. Journal of
Agricultular and Chemistry 55:2264-2250
Mulja, M. 1995. Analisis Instrumental. Airlangga Press. Surabaya.
Muzzarelli, R.A.A. (1973), Natural Chelating Polymers: Alginic acid, Chitin and
Chitosan, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.
Poppe J. 1992. Gelatin. Di dalam Imeson A (ed). Thickening and Gelling Agents
for Food. London: Blackie Academic and Professional.
Rajasree, R., & Rahate, K.P. 2013. An Overview on Various Modifications of
Chitosan and It’s Applications. International Journal of Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Research. Vol. 4, 11.
Roberts, G.A.F. 1992. Chitin Chemistry. The Macmillan Prees. London
Universitas Sumatera Utara
36
Shahidi, F. and Abuzaytoun, R., (2005), Chitin, Chitosan, And Co-Products:
Chemistry, Production, Applications, And Health Effects, Advances In
Food And Nutrition Research, Vol 49, Elsevier Inc.
Silverstein, M., Robert, Bassler, Clayton,G., Morril,C.,& Trence. 1986.
Penyidikan Spektrometik Senyawa Organik. Jakarta : Erlangga
Sobral, P. J. A., dan Habitante, A. M. Q. B. 2001. “Phase Transitions of Pigskin
Gelatin”. Food Hydrocolloids, 15: 377–382.
Stevens, M.P. 2001. Kimia Polimer. Cetakan Pertama. Jakarta. Pradnya Paramita
Sudarmadji, Slamet, Haryono, Bambang, & Suhardi. 1989. Analisa Bahan
Makanan
dan Pertanian. Liberty. Yogyakarta
Sugita, P., Wukirsari, T., Sjahriza, A., dan Wahyono, D. 2009. Kitosan : Sumber
Biomaterial Masa Depan. IPB Prees. Bogor
Tokuyasu K, Ono H, Kameyama MO, Hayashi K, Moil Y. 1997. Deacetylation of
Chitin Oligosaccharides of dp 2-4 by Chitin Deacetylase from
Collectotrichum lindemuthianum. The Journal Of Biological Chemistry
270:26286-26291
Viro F. 1992. Gelatin. Di dalam Hui YH (ed). Encyclopedia of Food Science and
Technology Vol 2: 650-651. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Ward AG, Courts A. 1977. The Science and Technology of Gelatin. New York:
Academic Press.
Wirjosentono, B., A.N, Sitompul., Sumarno., T.A, Siregar., S.B, Lubis. 1995.
Analisis dan Karakterisasi Polimer. USU Press. Medan.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Achet. D., & He, X, W. 1995. Determination of the Renaturation Level in Gelatin
Films, Polymer, 36,787-791
Agusnar, H., I. Nainggolan, and Sukirman. 2013. Mechanical Properties of Paper
from Oil Palm Pulp Treated with Chitosan from Horseshoe Crab.
Advances in Eviromental Biology. 7(12) : 3857-3860.
Anonima. 1978. Mutu dan Cara Uji Gelatin. Jakarta: Departemen Perindustrian.
Aryanto, A. Y. 2002. Pemanfaatan Khitosan dari Limbah Kulit Udang
(Crustacea) Sebagai Bahan untuk Pembuatan Membran. [Skripsi].
Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Sarjana.
Bastaman S. 1989. Studies on Degradation and Extraction of chitin and Chitosan
From Prawn Shell (Nephrops norvegicus) [Tesis]. Belfast: Faculty of
Engineering, The Quen’s University of Belfast.
DeMan JM. 1997. Kimia Makanan. Terjemahan. K. Padmawinata. Bandung:
Penerbit ITB.
Fessenden,R.J & Fessenden, J.S. 1983. Kimia Organik. Edisi Kedua. Jilid 1.
Erlangga: Jakarta
Gomez-Estaca, J., Lopez de Lecay, A., Lopez-Caballero, M,E., Gomez-Guillen,
M, C., & Montero, P. 2010. Biodegradable Gelatine-Chitosan Films
Incorporated with Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents for Fish
Preservation. Food Microbiolgy
Goosen, M.F.A. 1997. Applications of Chitin and Chitosan. USA : Technomic.
Didalam: Kolodziejska, I., Wojtasz- Pajak, A., Ogonowska, G., dan
Sikorski, Z. E. 2000. Deacetylation of Chitin in two-stage Chemical and
Enzymatic Process.
Hirano, S. 1986.Chitin and Chitosan. In Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial
Chemistry.Completly revised edition.Weinheim,New 34ork.
Jayakumar, R., & Tamura, H. 2008. Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal
Properties of Chitin-g-poly Copolymers by using Chitin Gel. International
Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 43, 32-36
Kanti, P., Srigowri, K., Madhuri, J., Smitha, B., and Sridhar, S., (2004),
Dehydration of Ethanol Through Blend Membranes of Chitosanand
Universitas Sumatera Utara
35
Sodium Alginate by Pervaporation,
Technology, 40, pp. 259-266.
Separation and Purification
Khopkar, SM. 2008. Konsep Dasar Kimia Analitik. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia
Press
Knorr D.1991.Recovery and Utilization of Chitin and Chitosan in Food
processing Waste Management.Food Tech.45 (1):114-122
Knorr D. 1984. Uses Of Chitinous Polymer In Food – A Challenge For Food
Research And Development (Chitin, Chitosan, Functional Properties,
Nutritional Aspects, Safety). Food Technol 38(1)
Kumar Dutta, P., Dutta, J., & Tripathi, V.S. 2004. Chitin and Chitosan:
Chemistry, Properties and Applications. Journal of Scientific & Industrial
Research. Vol. 63, 20-31
Majeti, N.V. and Kumar, R., (2000), A review of chitin and chitosan applications,
Reactive & Functional Polymers, 46, pp. 1-27
Martinou A, Kafetzopoulos D, Bouriotis V. 1995. Chitin Deacetylation by
Enzimatic Means: Monitoring of Deacetylation Processes. Carbohydrate
Research 273:235-242
Micheler, Georg. H. 2008. Electron Microscopy of Polymers. Germany: Springer
Laboratory
Mojarrad JS, Mahboob N, Valizadeh H, ansarin M, Bourbour S. 2006.
Preparation of Glucosamine from Exoskeleton of Shrimp and Predicting
production Yield by Response Surface Methodology. Journal of
Agricultular and Chemistry 55:2264-2250
Mulja, M. 1995. Analisis Instrumental. Airlangga Press. Surabaya.
Muzzarelli, R.A.A. (1973), Natural Chelating Polymers: Alginic acid, Chitin and
Chitosan, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.
Poppe J. 1992. Gelatin. Di dalam Imeson A (ed). Thickening and Gelling Agents
for Food. London: Blackie Academic and Professional.
Rajasree, R., & Rahate, K.P. 2013. An Overview on Various Modifications of
Chitosan and It’s Applications. International Journal of Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Research. Vol. 4, 11.
Roberts, G.A.F. 1992. Chitin Chemistry. The Macmillan Prees. London
Universitas Sumatera Utara
36
Shahidi, F. and Abuzaytoun, R., (2005), Chitin, Chitosan, And Co-Products:
Chemistry, Production, Applications, And Health Effects, Advances In
Food And Nutrition Research, Vol 49, Elsevier Inc.
Silverstein, M., Robert, Bassler, Clayton,G., Morril,C.,& Trence. 1986.
Penyidikan Spektrometik Senyawa Organik. Jakarta : Erlangga
Sobral, P. J. A., dan Habitante, A. M. Q. B. 2001. “Phase Transitions of Pigskin
Gelatin”. Food Hydrocolloids, 15: 377–382.
Stevens, M.P. 2001. Kimia Polimer. Cetakan Pertama. Jakarta. Pradnya Paramita
Sudarmadji, Slamet, Haryono, Bambang, & Suhardi. 1989. Analisa Bahan
Makanan
dan Pertanian. Liberty. Yogyakarta
Sugita, P., Wukirsari, T., Sjahriza, A., dan Wahyono, D. 2009. Kitosan : Sumber
Biomaterial Masa Depan. IPB Prees. Bogor
Tokuyasu K, Ono H, Kameyama MO, Hayashi K, Moil Y. 1997. Deacetylation of
Chitin Oligosaccharides of dp 2-4 by Chitin Deacetylase from
Collectotrichum lindemuthianum. The Journal Of Biological Chemistry
270:26286-26291
Viro F. 1992. Gelatin. Di dalam Hui YH (ed). Encyclopedia of Food Science and
Technology Vol 2: 650-651. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Ward AG, Courts A. 1977. The Science and Technology of Gelatin. New York:
Academic Press.
Wirjosentono, B., A.N, Sitompul., Sumarno., T.A, Siregar., S.B, Lubis. 1995.
Analisis dan Karakterisasi Polimer. USU Press. Medan.
Universitas Sumatera Utara