Uji Sensitivitas Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli terhadap Kotrimoksazol dalam Sediaan Tablet
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abdelhalim, K.A., dan Ibrahim, A.M. (2013). Evaluation of antimicrobial
resistance of urinary tract isolated Esherichia coli from Omdurman
Teaching Hospital in Sudan. Journal of Bacteriology Research. 5(6):
76-77.
Adejuwon, A.O., Ajayi, A.A., Akintunde, O.O., dan Olutiola, P.O. (2010).
Atibiotics Resistance and Susceptibility Pattern of a Strain of
Staphylococcus aureus Assocated with Acne. International Journal of
Medicine and Medical Science. 2(9): 277-280.
Andrews, J.M. (2005). BSAC Standardized Disc Susceptibility Testing Method
(Version 4). Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 56: 60-76.
Brock, T.D., dan Katherine, M.B. (1978). Basic Microbiology with
Applications. Seven Edition. United State of America: Prentice-Hall.
Inc. Hal. 116-121.
Brooks, G.F., Butel, J.S., dan Morse, S.A. (2005). Mikrobiologi Kedokteran.
Jakarta: Salemba Medika. Hal. 226, 240.
Chambers, H.F. (2001). Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, and Quinolone dalam
Buku Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Eight Edition. Editor: Bertram
G. Katzung. United States of America: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
Hal. 796, 801.
Chatim, A. (1994). Mikrobiologi Kedokteran. Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Bina Rupa
Aksara. Hal. 42.
Chinekwu, O.N., dan Anthony, A. (2013). Comparison of Susceptibility
Patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in
Two Health Institutions in South-South Nigeria to Commonly Used
Antimicrobials. African of Journal of Microbiology Research. 7(24):
3066-3070.
Chowdhury, M.A., Hossain, M.N., Rahman, M.M., dan Ashrafuzzaman, M.
(2013). Prevalence of Multidrug Resistance in Human Phatogenic
Staphylococcus aureus and Their Sensitivity to Allamanda cathartica
L. Leaf Extract. International Current Pharmaceutical Journal. 2(11):
185-188.
Ditjen POM. (1995). Farmakope Indonesia. Edisi IV. Jakarta: Departemen
Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Hal. 769, 806, 896.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Dwidjoseputro. (1990). Dasar-Dasar Mikrobiologi.
Djambatan. Hal. 22, 40-46, 50, 61, 95, 118.
Jakarta:
Penerbit
Dzen, S.M., Roekistiningsih., Santoso, S., dan Winarsih, S. (2003).
Bakteriologi Medik. Malang: Bayumedia Publishing. Hal. 119-123.
Ekundayo, E.O., dan Olorunshola, D.O. (2008). Evaluation of The Quality of
Locally Manufactured Antimicrobial Suspectibility Testing Discs Used
in South Eastern Nigeria. African Journal of Clinical and Experimental
Microbiology. 9(3): 122-128.
Fardiaz, S. (1993). Analisis Mikrobiologi Pangan. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo
Persada. Hal. 127.
George, D.F., Gbedema, S.Y., Agyane, C., Adu, F., Boamah, V.B., Tawiah,
A.A., dan Saana, S.B. (2012). Antibiotic Resistace Patterns of
Escherichia Coli Isolates from Hospitals in Kumasi, Ghana.
International Scholarly Researche Network. 10(5402): 1-5.
Gibson, J.M. (1996). Mikrobiologi dan Patologi Modern untuk Perawat.
Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran ECG. Hal 22.
Gillespie, S. H., dan Bamford, K. B. (2009). At a Glance Mikrobiologi Medis
dan Infeksi. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga. Hal. 20-21.
Gobernado, M., Valdes, L., Alos, I.J., Garcia-Rey, C., Dal-Re, R., dan Garcia
de Lomas, J. (2007). Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clinical
Escherichia coli Isolates from Uncomplicated Cystitis in Woman over a
1-year Period in Spain. Rey Esp Quimioterap, Enero. 20(1): 68-76.
Gunawan, S.G. (2007). Farmakologi dan Terapi. Jakarta: Penerbit Gaya Baru.
Hal. 591.
Gupta, K., Scholes, D., dan Stamm, W.E. (1999). Increasing Prevalence of
Antimicrobial Resistance among Urophatogens Causing Acute
Uncomplicated Cystitis in Woman. Journal of the America Medical
Association. 281: 736-8.
Houvinen, P. (2001). Resistance to Trimethoprim-Silfametoxazole. Editor:
George, M. Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, National Public
Health Institute, Turku, Finland. Hal. 1608-1613.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Kahlmeter, G. (2000). The ECO-SENS Project: a Prospective Multinational
Multicenter Epidemiological Survey of The Prevalence and
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Urinary Tract Phatogens Interim
Report. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 46: 15-22.
Kumala, S., Pasanema, D.A., dan Mardiastuti. (2010). Pola Resistensi
Antibiotik terhadap Isolat Bakteri Sputum Penderita Tersangka Infeksi
Saluran Nafas Bawah. Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia. 5(1): 24 -32.
Lambert, H., dan Coulthard M. (2003).The child with urinary tract infection.
Edisi III. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hal. 197 – 225.
Lay, B.W. (1994). Analisis Mikroba di Laboratorium. Edisi Pertama. Cetakan
Pertama. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. Hal. 34 - 67.
Lestari, E.S., Severin, J.A., Filius, P.M., Kuntamen, K., and Duerink, D.O.
(2008). Antimicrobial Resistance among Commensal Isolates of
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in the Indonesian
Population inside and outside Hospitals. European Journal Clinical
Microbial Infection Disease. 27: 45-51.
Mycek, M.J., Harvey, R.A., dan Champe, P.C. (2001). Farmakologi. Edisi
Kedua. Jakarta: Widya Medika. Hal. 297.
Odusanya, M.D. (2002). Antibiotic susceptibility of microorganism at a
general hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. J. Natl. Med. Assoc. 94: 994-998.
Olson, R.P., Harrell, L.J., dan Kaye, K.S. (2008). Antibiotic Resistance in
Urinary Isolates of Escherichia coli from College Women with Urinary
Tract Infections. Journal of Antimicrobial Agent and Chemotherapy.
53(3): 1285–1286.
Osol, A. (1980). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, l6th edition. EastonPensivania: Mack Publishing Company. Hal. 104-135, 244-262.
Oxoid. (2013). Nutrient Agar and Nutrient Browth. England: Oxoid LTD.
Pelczar, M.J., dan Chan, E.C. (1986). Dasar-Dasar Mikrobiologi. Jakarta.
Universitas Indonesia Press. Hal. 46.
Prasetyo, A., Pendit, B.U., dan Priliono, T. (2007). Buku Ajar Patologi.
Jakarta: Buku Kedokteran EGC. Hal. 351.
Pratiwi, S.T. (2008). Mikrobiologi Farmasi. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga. Hal.
150-164, 171.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Rajaduraipandi, K., Mani, K.R., Panneerselvan, K., Mani, M., Bhashari, M.,
dan Manikandam, P. (2006). Prevalence and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus :
Amulticenter Study. Indian Journal of Mediacal Microbiology. 24(1):
34-8.
Saggar, P. (2013). A Retrospevtive Analysis of Urine Culture and Its
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Result. Research Journal of
Pharmaceutical, Biology and Chemical. 4(2): 622-627.
Siahaan, J. (2007). Uji Daya Hambat Gentamisin Sulfat, Ampisilin Trihidrat
dan Kombinasinya terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan
Staphylococcus aureus secara In Vitro. Skripsi. Medan: Fakultas
Farmasi Universitas Sumatera Utara. Hal. 5.
Sobel, J.D., dan Kaye, D.(2005). Urinary tract infection in Mandell, douglas
and Bennett’s.Principles and Practice of Infections Diseases. 6th ed.
Philadelphia: Elsevier.Hal. 881.
Soewandhi, S.N. (2006). Kristalografi Farmasi IV. Bandung: Penerbit ITB.
Hal. 99-101.
Sudoyo, A.W. (2006). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid II, Edisi Keempat.
Jakarta: Pusat Penerbitan Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas
Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Hal. 564.
Sukandar, E. (2007). Infeksi saluran kemih pada pasien dewasa dalam Buku
Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Jilid I. Edisi IV. Jakarta : Balai Penerbit
FKUI. Hal. 553.
Sumadio, H, dan Harahap, U. (1994). Biokimia dan Farmakologi Antibiotika.
Medan: USU Press. Hal. 2-4, 28.
Tamher, S. (2008). Mikrobiologi untuk Mahasiswa Keperawatan. Jakarta: CV.
Trans Info Media. Hal. 27-29.
Tessy, A., Ardayo, dan Suwanto. (2001). Infeksi salauran kemih dalam Buku
Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Jilid 3. Edisi 3. Jakarta : Balai Penerbit
FKUI. Hal. 369.
Tjay, T.H., dan Rahardja, K. (2002). Obat-obat Penting. Edisi V. Jakarta: PT.
Elex Media Komputindo. Hal. 80-81.
Tjay, T.H., dan Rahardja, K. (2008). Obat-obat Penting. Edisi VI. Jakarta: PT.
Elex Media Komputindo. Hal. 143-144.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Travis, L.B., dan Brouhard, B.H.(1996).Infections of urinary tract. Edisi XX.
Satnford Conn: Appleton & Lange. Hal. 1388 – 1392.
Umanu, G., Alao, F.O., dan Wemambu, I.I. (2013). Prevalence and
Antibiogam of Penicillin-Producing Staphylococcus aureus among
Nigerian Students. International Journal of Microbiological Research.
4(1): 64-68.
Vahdani, P., Mahnaz, S., Aslani, M.M., Asarian, A.A., dan Sharafi, K. (2004).
Antibiotic Resistant Patterns in MRSA Isolates from Patients Admitted
in ICU and Infectious Ward. National Research Institute of
Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Iran. 3(11): 37-44.
Waluyo, L. (2010). Teknik Metode Dasar Mikrobiologi. Cetakan Kedua.
Malang: UMM Press. Hal. 210-211.
Wariso, K.T., Siminialayi, I.M., dan Odigie, J.O. (2010). Pattern and
antibiogram of urinary tract infection at the University of Port Harcourt
Teaching Hospital. Asian Pasific Journal Tropical Medicine. 1-5.
Wattimena, J.R., Sugiarso, N.C., Widianto, M.B., Sukandar, E.Y., Soemardji,
A.A., dan Setiadi, A.R. (1991). Farmakodinamik dan Terapi Antibiotik.
Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. Hal. 1.
Winarno, S., Ma’ruf, W.F., dan Dewi, E.N. (2012). Uji Bioaktivitas Ekstrak
Gelidium sp. Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus
aureus. Jurnal Perikanan. 1(2): 1-9.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Abdelhalim, K.A., dan Ibrahim, A.M. (2013). Evaluation of antimicrobial
resistance of urinary tract isolated Esherichia coli from Omdurman
Teaching Hospital in Sudan. Journal of Bacteriology Research. 5(6):
76-77.
Adejuwon, A.O., Ajayi, A.A., Akintunde, O.O., dan Olutiola, P.O. (2010).
Atibiotics Resistance and Susceptibility Pattern of a Strain of
Staphylococcus aureus Assocated with Acne. International Journal of
Medicine and Medical Science. 2(9): 277-280.
Andrews, J.M. (2005). BSAC Standardized Disc Susceptibility Testing Method
(Version 4). Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 56: 60-76.
Brock, T.D., dan Katherine, M.B. (1978). Basic Microbiology with
Applications. Seven Edition. United State of America: Prentice-Hall.
Inc. Hal. 116-121.
Brooks, G.F., Butel, J.S., dan Morse, S.A. (2005). Mikrobiologi Kedokteran.
Jakarta: Salemba Medika. Hal. 226, 240.
Chambers, H.F. (2001). Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, and Quinolone dalam
Buku Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Eight Edition. Editor: Bertram
G. Katzung. United States of America: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
Hal. 796, 801.
Chatim, A. (1994). Mikrobiologi Kedokteran. Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Bina Rupa
Aksara. Hal. 42.
Chinekwu, O.N., dan Anthony, A. (2013). Comparison of Susceptibility
Patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in
Two Health Institutions in South-South Nigeria to Commonly Used
Antimicrobials. African of Journal of Microbiology Research. 7(24):
3066-3070.
Chowdhury, M.A., Hossain, M.N., Rahman, M.M., dan Ashrafuzzaman, M.
(2013). Prevalence of Multidrug Resistance in Human Phatogenic
Staphylococcus aureus and Their Sensitivity to Allamanda cathartica
L. Leaf Extract. International Current Pharmaceutical Journal. 2(11):
185-188.
Ditjen POM. (1995). Farmakope Indonesia. Edisi IV. Jakarta: Departemen
Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Hal. 769, 806, 896.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Dwidjoseputro. (1990). Dasar-Dasar Mikrobiologi.
Djambatan. Hal. 22, 40-46, 50, 61, 95, 118.
Jakarta:
Penerbit
Dzen, S.M., Roekistiningsih., Santoso, S., dan Winarsih, S. (2003).
Bakteriologi Medik. Malang: Bayumedia Publishing. Hal. 119-123.
Ekundayo, E.O., dan Olorunshola, D.O. (2008). Evaluation of The Quality of
Locally Manufactured Antimicrobial Suspectibility Testing Discs Used
in South Eastern Nigeria. African Journal of Clinical and Experimental
Microbiology. 9(3): 122-128.
Fardiaz, S. (1993). Analisis Mikrobiologi Pangan. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo
Persada. Hal. 127.
George, D.F., Gbedema, S.Y., Agyane, C., Adu, F., Boamah, V.B., Tawiah,
A.A., dan Saana, S.B. (2012). Antibiotic Resistace Patterns of
Escherichia Coli Isolates from Hospitals in Kumasi, Ghana.
International Scholarly Researche Network. 10(5402): 1-5.
Gibson, J.M. (1996). Mikrobiologi dan Patologi Modern untuk Perawat.
Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran ECG. Hal 22.
Gillespie, S. H., dan Bamford, K. B. (2009). At a Glance Mikrobiologi Medis
dan Infeksi. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga. Hal. 20-21.
Gobernado, M., Valdes, L., Alos, I.J., Garcia-Rey, C., Dal-Re, R., dan Garcia
de Lomas, J. (2007). Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clinical
Escherichia coli Isolates from Uncomplicated Cystitis in Woman over a
1-year Period in Spain. Rey Esp Quimioterap, Enero. 20(1): 68-76.
Gunawan, S.G. (2007). Farmakologi dan Terapi. Jakarta: Penerbit Gaya Baru.
Hal. 591.
Gupta, K., Scholes, D., dan Stamm, W.E. (1999). Increasing Prevalence of
Antimicrobial Resistance among Urophatogens Causing Acute
Uncomplicated Cystitis in Woman. Journal of the America Medical
Association. 281: 736-8.
Houvinen, P. (2001). Resistance to Trimethoprim-Silfametoxazole. Editor:
George, M. Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, National Public
Health Institute, Turku, Finland. Hal. 1608-1613.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Kahlmeter, G. (2000). The ECO-SENS Project: a Prospective Multinational
Multicenter Epidemiological Survey of The Prevalence and
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Urinary Tract Phatogens Interim
Report. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 46: 15-22.
Kumala, S., Pasanema, D.A., dan Mardiastuti. (2010). Pola Resistensi
Antibiotik terhadap Isolat Bakteri Sputum Penderita Tersangka Infeksi
Saluran Nafas Bawah. Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia. 5(1): 24 -32.
Lambert, H., dan Coulthard M. (2003).The child with urinary tract infection.
Edisi III. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hal. 197 – 225.
Lay, B.W. (1994). Analisis Mikroba di Laboratorium. Edisi Pertama. Cetakan
Pertama. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. Hal. 34 - 67.
Lestari, E.S., Severin, J.A., Filius, P.M., Kuntamen, K., and Duerink, D.O.
(2008). Antimicrobial Resistance among Commensal Isolates of
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in the Indonesian
Population inside and outside Hospitals. European Journal Clinical
Microbial Infection Disease. 27: 45-51.
Mycek, M.J., Harvey, R.A., dan Champe, P.C. (2001). Farmakologi. Edisi
Kedua. Jakarta: Widya Medika. Hal. 297.
Odusanya, M.D. (2002). Antibiotic susceptibility of microorganism at a
general hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. J. Natl. Med. Assoc. 94: 994-998.
Olson, R.P., Harrell, L.J., dan Kaye, K.S. (2008). Antibiotic Resistance in
Urinary Isolates of Escherichia coli from College Women with Urinary
Tract Infections. Journal of Antimicrobial Agent and Chemotherapy.
53(3): 1285–1286.
Osol, A. (1980). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, l6th edition. EastonPensivania: Mack Publishing Company. Hal. 104-135, 244-262.
Oxoid. (2013). Nutrient Agar and Nutrient Browth. England: Oxoid LTD.
Pelczar, M.J., dan Chan, E.C. (1986). Dasar-Dasar Mikrobiologi. Jakarta.
Universitas Indonesia Press. Hal. 46.
Prasetyo, A., Pendit, B.U., dan Priliono, T. (2007). Buku Ajar Patologi.
Jakarta: Buku Kedokteran EGC. Hal. 351.
Pratiwi, S.T. (2008). Mikrobiologi Farmasi. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga. Hal.
150-164, 171.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Rajaduraipandi, K., Mani, K.R., Panneerselvan, K., Mani, M., Bhashari, M.,
dan Manikandam, P. (2006). Prevalence and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus :
Amulticenter Study. Indian Journal of Mediacal Microbiology. 24(1):
34-8.
Saggar, P. (2013). A Retrospevtive Analysis of Urine Culture and Its
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Result. Research Journal of
Pharmaceutical, Biology and Chemical. 4(2): 622-627.
Siahaan, J. (2007). Uji Daya Hambat Gentamisin Sulfat, Ampisilin Trihidrat
dan Kombinasinya terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan
Staphylococcus aureus secara In Vitro. Skripsi. Medan: Fakultas
Farmasi Universitas Sumatera Utara. Hal. 5.
Sobel, J.D., dan Kaye, D.(2005). Urinary tract infection in Mandell, douglas
and Bennett’s.Principles and Practice of Infections Diseases. 6th ed.
Philadelphia: Elsevier.Hal. 881.
Soewandhi, S.N. (2006). Kristalografi Farmasi IV. Bandung: Penerbit ITB.
Hal. 99-101.
Sudoyo, A.W. (2006). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid II, Edisi Keempat.
Jakarta: Pusat Penerbitan Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas
Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Hal. 564.
Sukandar, E. (2007). Infeksi saluran kemih pada pasien dewasa dalam Buku
Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Jilid I. Edisi IV. Jakarta : Balai Penerbit
FKUI. Hal. 553.
Sumadio, H, dan Harahap, U. (1994). Biokimia dan Farmakologi Antibiotika.
Medan: USU Press. Hal. 2-4, 28.
Tamher, S. (2008). Mikrobiologi untuk Mahasiswa Keperawatan. Jakarta: CV.
Trans Info Media. Hal. 27-29.
Tessy, A., Ardayo, dan Suwanto. (2001). Infeksi salauran kemih dalam Buku
Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Jilid 3. Edisi 3. Jakarta : Balai Penerbit
FKUI. Hal. 369.
Tjay, T.H., dan Rahardja, K. (2002). Obat-obat Penting. Edisi V. Jakarta: PT.
Elex Media Komputindo. Hal. 80-81.
Tjay, T.H., dan Rahardja, K. (2008). Obat-obat Penting. Edisi VI. Jakarta: PT.
Elex Media Komputindo. Hal. 143-144.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Travis, L.B., dan Brouhard, B.H.(1996).Infections of urinary tract. Edisi XX.
Satnford Conn: Appleton & Lange. Hal. 1388 – 1392.
Umanu, G., Alao, F.O., dan Wemambu, I.I. (2013). Prevalence and
Antibiogam of Penicillin-Producing Staphylococcus aureus among
Nigerian Students. International Journal of Microbiological Research.
4(1): 64-68.
Vahdani, P., Mahnaz, S., Aslani, M.M., Asarian, A.A., dan Sharafi, K. (2004).
Antibiotic Resistant Patterns in MRSA Isolates from Patients Admitted
in ICU and Infectious Ward. National Research Institute of
Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Iran. 3(11): 37-44.
Waluyo, L. (2010). Teknik Metode Dasar Mikrobiologi. Cetakan Kedua.
Malang: UMM Press. Hal. 210-211.
Wariso, K.T., Siminialayi, I.M., dan Odigie, J.O. (2010). Pattern and
antibiogram of urinary tract infection at the University of Port Harcourt
Teaching Hospital. Asian Pasific Journal Tropical Medicine. 1-5.
Wattimena, J.R., Sugiarso, N.C., Widianto, M.B., Sukandar, E.Y., Soemardji,
A.A., dan Setiadi, A.R. (1991). Farmakodinamik dan Terapi Antibiotik.
Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. Hal. 1.
Winarno, S., Ma’ruf, W.F., dan Dewi, E.N. (2012). Uji Bioaktivitas Ekstrak
Gelidium sp. Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus
aureus. Jurnal Perikanan. 1(2): 1-9.
Universitas Sumatera Utara