Faktor risiko mortalitas pada pasien meningitis tuberkulosa anak
51
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report. 2015. Diunduh dari
http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global report/en. Diakses 16 Desember
2015
2. Toorn RV, Solomons R. Update on the diagnosis and management of
tuberculous meningitis in children. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2014; 21:12-18
3. Karande S, Gupta V, Kulkarni M, Joshi A. Prognostic clinical variables in
childhood tuberculous meningitis: an experience from Mumbai India. Neur
Ind. 2005;53:191-96
4. Tauber MG, Schaad UB. Bacterial infections of the nervous system in
Swaiman’s pediatric neurology principles and practice. Elsevier.
2012;5:1241-56
5. Gu J, Xiao H, Wu F, Ge Y, Ma J, Sun W. Prognostic factors of tuberculous
meningitis: a single center study. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015; 8(3):4487-93
6. Kartasasmita CB, Epidemiologi tuberkulosis. Sari pediatri. 2009; 11:12429
7. Gunes A, Uluca U, Aktar F, Konca C, Sen V, Ece A, Hosoglu S, et al.
Clinical, radiological and laboratory findings in 185 children with
tuberculous meningitis at a single centre and relationship with the stage of
the disease. Italian J Ped. 2015;41:2-6
8. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Info datin tuberculosis.
Pusdatin Kemenkes RI. 2015.1-7
9. Hajia M, Amirzargar AA, Nazari M, Davodi NR, Zarandi MK. A five years
study of tuberculous meningitis in Iran. Iran J Pathol. 2015;10:290-4
10. Well GTJV, Paes BF, Terwee CB, Springer P, Roord JJ, Donald PR, Furth
MV, et al. Twenty years of pediatric tuberculous meningitis: a
retrospective cohort study in the western cape of South Africa. Pediatrics.
2009;123:e1-8
11. Pasco PM. Diagnostic features of tuberculous meningitis: a crosssectional study. Biomed Res. 2012;5:2-6
12. Kumar R, Singh SN, Kohli N. A diagnostic rule for tuberculous meningitis.
Arch Dis Child. 1999;81:221-4
13. Dimyati Y, Tjandradjani A, Mangunatmadja I, Widodo DP, Pusponegoro
HD. Outcomes of tuberculous meningitis in children: a case review study.
Paediatr Indones. 2011;51:288-93
14. Thilothammal N, Krishnamurthy PV, Banu K, Ratnam SR. Tuberculous
meningitis in children-clinical profile, mortality and morbidity of
bacteriologically confirmed cases. Ind Ped. 1995;32:641-47
15. Yasar KK, Pehlivanoglu F, Sengoz G. Predictors of mortality in
tuberculous meningitis: a multivariate analysis of 160 cases. Int J Tuberc
Lung Dis. 2010;14:1330-35
Universitas Sumatera Utara
52
16. Kurien R, Sudarsanam TD, Samantha S, Thomas K. Tuberculous
meningitis: a comparisonn of scoring systems for diagnosis. Oman Med J.
2013;28:163-6
17. Hosoglu S, Geyik MF, Balik I, Aygen B, Erol S, Aygencel G, Mert A, et al.
Predictors of outcome in patient with tuberculous meningitis. Int J Tuberc
Lung Dis. 2002;6:64-70
18. Toorn RV. Childhood tuberculous meningitis: challenging mamagement
strategies. Dissertation for a PhD degree in paediatrics and child health at
Stellenbosch University. 2015.2-12
19. Ramzan A, Nayil K, Asimi R, Wani A, Makhdoomi R, Jain A. Childhood
tubercular meningitis: An Institutional exerience and analysis of predictors
of outcome. Pediatr neur. 2013;30-35
20. Ducomble T, Tolksdorf K, Karagianis I, Hauer B, Brodhun B, Haas W,
Fiebig L. The burden of extrapulmonary and meningitis tuberculosis: an
investigation of national surveillance data, Germany, 2002 to 2009.
Eurosurveilance. 2013.1-8
21. Thwaites GE, Toorn RV, Schoeman J. Tuberculous meningitis: more
questions, still too few answers. Lancet neurol. 2013;12:999-1010
22. Borade PV, Haralkar SJ. Bennishirur WA, Mulje SM. Study of morbidity
and mortality pattern of cases of meningitis admitted in tertiary healh care
centre in India. Int J of Rec Trend and Tech. 2014;10:213-17
23. Rie AV, Beyers N, Gie RP, Kunneke M, Zietsman L, Donald PR.
Childhood tuberculosis in an urban population in South Africa: burden and
risk factor. Arch Dis Child. 1999;80:433-7
24. Nofareni. The relation of BCG vaccination and severe malnutrition with the
occurence of tuberculous meningitis. Paediatr Indones.2004;44:12-16
25. Cherian A, Thomas SV. Central nervous system tuberculosis. Afr Health
Sci. 2011;11:116-27
26. Tai MLS. Tuberculous meningitis: diagnostic and radiological features,
pathogenesis and biomarkers. Neur Sci Med. 2013;4:101-7
27. Toorn RV, Plessis AM, Schaaf HS, Buys H, Hewlett RH, Schoeman CF.
Clinicoradiological of neurologic tuberculous mass lesions in children
treated with thalidomide. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015.34:214-8
28. Toorn RV, Rabie H, Dramowski A, Schoeman JF. Neurological
manifestations of TB-IRIS: A report of 4 children. Euro Paed Neorul J.
2012.50-56
29. Toorn RV, Schaaf HS, Laubscher JA, Elsland SLV, Donald PR,
Schoeman JF. Short intensified
treatment in children with drugsusceptible tuberculous meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014.248-252
30. Toorn RV, Springer V, Laubscher JA, Schoeman JF. Value of different
staging system for predicting neurological outcome in childhood
tuberculous meningitis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2012.35-40
31. Toorn RV, Schaaf HS, Solomons R, Laubscher JA, Schoeman JF. The
value of transcranial Doppler imaging in children with tuberculous
meningitis. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014.66-71
Universitas Sumatera Utara
53
32. Jan MM. Meningitis and encephalitis in infants and children. Saudi Med J.
2012;33:11-6
33. Toorn RV. Childhood tuberculous meningitis: challenging mamagement
strategies. Dissertation for a PhD degree in paediatrics and child health at
Stellenbosch University, 2015;7:73-83
34. Khemiri M, Bagais A, Becher SB, Bousnina S, Bayoudh F, Mehrezi A,
Lakhoua R, et al. tuberculous meningitis in bacille calmette-guerinvaccinated children:clinical spectrum and outcome. J child neur.
2012;6:741-6
35. World Health Organization. Children: reducing mortality. 2016. Diunduh
dari http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs 178/en. Diakses 08
Desember 2016
36. Lan SH, Chang WN, Lu CH, Lui CC, Chang HW. Cerebral infarction in
chronic meningitis: a comparison of tuberculous meningitis and
cryptococcal meningitis. Q J Med. 2001;94:247-53
37. Wang JT, Hung CC, Sheng WH, Wang JY, Chang SC, Luh KT. Prognosis
of tuberculous meningitis in adults in the era of modern antituberculous
chemotherapy. J Micro immuno inf. 2002;4:215-22
38. Misra, UK, Kalita J, Roy AK, Mandal SK, Srivastava M. Role of clinical,
radiological, and neurophysiological change in predicting the outcome of
tuberculous meningitis: a multivariable analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg
Psychiatry. 2000;68:300-303
39. Alarcon F, Moreira J, Rivera J, Salinas R, Duenas G, Ende JFD.
Tuberculous meningitis:do modern diagnostic tools offer better prognosis
prediction?. Indian J Tuberc. 2013;60:5-14
40. Kelekci S, Karabel M, Karabel D, Hamidi C, Hosoglu S, Gurkan MF, et al.
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin is a preventive factor of mortality of childhood
tuberculous meningitis. Int J Inf dis. 2014;21: 1-4
41. Kumar R, Dwivedi A, Kumar P, Kohli N. Tuberculous meningitis in BCG
vaccinated and unvaccinated children. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
2001;76: 1550-1554
42. Ahmadinejad Z, Ziaee V, Aghsaeifar M, Reiskarami S. The prognostic
factors of tuberculous meningitis. Int J Inf Dis. 2002;3:1-6
43. Nicolette NB, Jo W, Muloiwa R, James N, Presentation and outcome of
tuberculous meningitis among children: experiences from a tertiary
children’s hospital. African Health sciences. 2014;14:143-149
44. Raut T, Garg RK, Jain A, Verma R, Singh MK, Malhotra HS, et al.
Hydrocephalus in tuberculous meningitis: incidence, its predictive factors
and impact on the prognosis. J infect. 2013;66: 330-337
45. Faella FS, Pagliano P, Attanasio V, Rossi M, Rescigno C, Scarano F, et
al. Factors influencing the presentation and outcome of tuberculous
meningitis in childhood. In vivo. 2006;20: 187-192
46. Tedja I, Syam AF, Rumende CM. Status nutrisi pasien rawat inap
tuberkulosis paru di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. CHEST.
2014:1: 95-98
Universitas Sumatera Utara
54
47. Gosai DK, Gosai JB, Shukla OS. Study of clinical profile of childhood extra
pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Res Med Sci. 2014;2: 501-505
48. WHO. Nutritional care and support for patients with tuberculosis. Geneva:
World Health Organization; 2013
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report. 2015. Diunduh dari
http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global report/en. Diakses 16 Desember
2015
2. Toorn RV, Solomons R. Update on the diagnosis and management of
tuberculous meningitis in children. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2014; 21:12-18
3. Karande S, Gupta V, Kulkarni M, Joshi A. Prognostic clinical variables in
childhood tuberculous meningitis: an experience from Mumbai India. Neur
Ind. 2005;53:191-96
4. Tauber MG, Schaad UB. Bacterial infections of the nervous system in
Swaiman’s pediatric neurology principles and practice. Elsevier.
2012;5:1241-56
5. Gu J, Xiao H, Wu F, Ge Y, Ma J, Sun W. Prognostic factors of tuberculous
meningitis: a single center study. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015; 8(3):4487-93
6. Kartasasmita CB, Epidemiologi tuberkulosis. Sari pediatri. 2009; 11:12429
7. Gunes A, Uluca U, Aktar F, Konca C, Sen V, Ece A, Hosoglu S, et al.
Clinical, radiological and laboratory findings in 185 children with
tuberculous meningitis at a single centre and relationship with the stage of
the disease. Italian J Ped. 2015;41:2-6
8. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Info datin tuberculosis.
Pusdatin Kemenkes RI. 2015.1-7
9. Hajia M, Amirzargar AA, Nazari M, Davodi NR, Zarandi MK. A five years
study of tuberculous meningitis in Iran. Iran J Pathol. 2015;10:290-4
10. Well GTJV, Paes BF, Terwee CB, Springer P, Roord JJ, Donald PR, Furth
MV, et al. Twenty years of pediatric tuberculous meningitis: a
retrospective cohort study in the western cape of South Africa. Pediatrics.
2009;123:e1-8
11. Pasco PM. Diagnostic features of tuberculous meningitis: a crosssectional study. Biomed Res. 2012;5:2-6
12. Kumar R, Singh SN, Kohli N. A diagnostic rule for tuberculous meningitis.
Arch Dis Child. 1999;81:221-4
13. Dimyati Y, Tjandradjani A, Mangunatmadja I, Widodo DP, Pusponegoro
HD. Outcomes of tuberculous meningitis in children: a case review study.
Paediatr Indones. 2011;51:288-93
14. Thilothammal N, Krishnamurthy PV, Banu K, Ratnam SR. Tuberculous
meningitis in children-clinical profile, mortality and morbidity of
bacteriologically confirmed cases. Ind Ped. 1995;32:641-47
15. Yasar KK, Pehlivanoglu F, Sengoz G. Predictors of mortality in
tuberculous meningitis: a multivariate analysis of 160 cases. Int J Tuberc
Lung Dis. 2010;14:1330-35
Universitas Sumatera Utara
52
16. Kurien R, Sudarsanam TD, Samantha S, Thomas K. Tuberculous
meningitis: a comparisonn of scoring systems for diagnosis. Oman Med J.
2013;28:163-6
17. Hosoglu S, Geyik MF, Balik I, Aygen B, Erol S, Aygencel G, Mert A, et al.
Predictors of outcome in patient with tuberculous meningitis. Int J Tuberc
Lung Dis. 2002;6:64-70
18. Toorn RV. Childhood tuberculous meningitis: challenging mamagement
strategies. Dissertation for a PhD degree in paediatrics and child health at
Stellenbosch University. 2015.2-12
19. Ramzan A, Nayil K, Asimi R, Wani A, Makhdoomi R, Jain A. Childhood
tubercular meningitis: An Institutional exerience and analysis of predictors
of outcome. Pediatr neur. 2013;30-35
20. Ducomble T, Tolksdorf K, Karagianis I, Hauer B, Brodhun B, Haas W,
Fiebig L. The burden of extrapulmonary and meningitis tuberculosis: an
investigation of national surveillance data, Germany, 2002 to 2009.
Eurosurveilance. 2013.1-8
21. Thwaites GE, Toorn RV, Schoeman J. Tuberculous meningitis: more
questions, still too few answers. Lancet neurol. 2013;12:999-1010
22. Borade PV, Haralkar SJ. Bennishirur WA, Mulje SM. Study of morbidity
and mortality pattern of cases of meningitis admitted in tertiary healh care
centre in India. Int J of Rec Trend and Tech. 2014;10:213-17
23. Rie AV, Beyers N, Gie RP, Kunneke M, Zietsman L, Donald PR.
Childhood tuberculosis in an urban population in South Africa: burden and
risk factor. Arch Dis Child. 1999;80:433-7
24. Nofareni. The relation of BCG vaccination and severe malnutrition with the
occurence of tuberculous meningitis. Paediatr Indones.2004;44:12-16
25. Cherian A, Thomas SV. Central nervous system tuberculosis. Afr Health
Sci. 2011;11:116-27
26. Tai MLS. Tuberculous meningitis: diagnostic and radiological features,
pathogenesis and biomarkers. Neur Sci Med. 2013;4:101-7
27. Toorn RV, Plessis AM, Schaaf HS, Buys H, Hewlett RH, Schoeman CF.
Clinicoradiological of neurologic tuberculous mass lesions in children
treated with thalidomide. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015.34:214-8
28. Toorn RV, Rabie H, Dramowski A, Schoeman JF. Neurological
manifestations of TB-IRIS: A report of 4 children. Euro Paed Neorul J.
2012.50-56
29. Toorn RV, Schaaf HS, Laubscher JA, Elsland SLV, Donald PR,
Schoeman JF. Short intensified
treatment in children with drugsusceptible tuberculous meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014.248-252
30. Toorn RV, Springer V, Laubscher JA, Schoeman JF. Value of different
staging system for predicting neurological outcome in childhood
tuberculous meningitis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2012.35-40
31. Toorn RV, Schaaf HS, Solomons R, Laubscher JA, Schoeman JF. The
value of transcranial Doppler imaging in children with tuberculous
meningitis. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014.66-71
Universitas Sumatera Utara
53
32. Jan MM. Meningitis and encephalitis in infants and children. Saudi Med J.
2012;33:11-6
33. Toorn RV. Childhood tuberculous meningitis: challenging mamagement
strategies. Dissertation for a PhD degree in paediatrics and child health at
Stellenbosch University, 2015;7:73-83
34. Khemiri M, Bagais A, Becher SB, Bousnina S, Bayoudh F, Mehrezi A,
Lakhoua R, et al. tuberculous meningitis in bacille calmette-guerinvaccinated children:clinical spectrum and outcome. J child neur.
2012;6:741-6
35. World Health Organization. Children: reducing mortality. 2016. Diunduh
dari http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs 178/en. Diakses 08
Desember 2016
36. Lan SH, Chang WN, Lu CH, Lui CC, Chang HW. Cerebral infarction in
chronic meningitis: a comparison of tuberculous meningitis and
cryptococcal meningitis. Q J Med. 2001;94:247-53
37. Wang JT, Hung CC, Sheng WH, Wang JY, Chang SC, Luh KT. Prognosis
of tuberculous meningitis in adults in the era of modern antituberculous
chemotherapy. J Micro immuno inf. 2002;4:215-22
38. Misra, UK, Kalita J, Roy AK, Mandal SK, Srivastava M. Role of clinical,
radiological, and neurophysiological change in predicting the outcome of
tuberculous meningitis: a multivariable analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg
Psychiatry. 2000;68:300-303
39. Alarcon F, Moreira J, Rivera J, Salinas R, Duenas G, Ende JFD.
Tuberculous meningitis:do modern diagnostic tools offer better prognosis
prediction?. Indian J Tuberc. 2013;60:5-14
40. Kelekci S, Karabel M, Karabel D, Hamidi C, Hosoglu S, Gurkan MF, et al.
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin is a preventive factor of mortality of childhood
tuberculous meningitis. Int J Inf dis. 2014;21: 1-4
41. Kumar R, Dwivedi A, Kumar P, Kohli N. Tuberculous meningitis in BCG
vaccinated and unvaccinated children. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
2001;76: 1550-1554
42. Ahmadinejad Z, Ziaee V, Aghsaeifar M, Reiskarami S. The prognostic
factors of tuberculous meningitis. Int J Inf Dis. 2002;3:1-6
43. Nicolette NB, Jo W, Muloiwa R, James N, Presentation and outcome of
tuberculous meningitis among children: experiences from a tertiary
children’s hospital. African Health sciences. 2014;14:143-149
44. Raut T, Garg RK, Jain A, Verma R, Singh MK, Malhotra HS, et al.
Hydrocephalus in tuberculous meningitis: incidence, its predictive factors
and impact on the prognosis. J infect. 2013;66: 330-337
45. Faella FS, Pagliano P, Attanasio V, Rossi M, Rescigno C, Scarano F, et
al. Factors influencing the presentation and outcome of tuberculous
meningitis in childhood. In vivo. 2006;20: 187-192
46. Tedja I, Syam AF, Rumende CM. Status nutrisi pasien rawat inap
tuberkulosis paru di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. CHEST.
2014:1: 95-98
Universitas Sumatera Utara
54
47. Gosai DK, Gosai JB, Shukla OS. Study of clinical profile of childhood extra
pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Res Med Sci. 2014;2: 501-505
48. WHO. Nutritional care and support for patients with tuberculosis. Geneva:
World Health Organization; 2013
Universitas Sumatera Utara