Studi Pengaruh Zat Pengembang dan Penambahan Ikan pada Pembuatan Kerupuk Ikan Ubi Jalar

  Wikipedia, 2011. Baking Powder10 Maret 2011]. Wikipedia, 2010. Ker10 Maret 2011]. Winarno, F.G.,1992. Kimia Pangan dan Gizi. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta. Winarno, F.G., S. Fardiaz dan D. Fardiaz, 1980. Pengantar Teknologi Pangan.

  Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.

Wiriano, H., 1984. Mekanisme Teknologi Pembuatan Kerupuk. Balai

Pengembangan Makanan Phytokirnia, Badan Penelitian dan

  Pengembangan Industri, Departemen Perindustrian, Jakarta.

Lampiran 1. Data Pengamatan Analisa Kadar Air (%) Perlakuan Ulangan Total Rataan

  I ^{1 P}

  5.60 I ^{4 P}

  7.59

  7.60 ₂

  7.92 I ^{4 P}

  15.85

  7.92

  7.93 ¹

  11.19

  7.60 I ₄ P

  5.58

  5.61 ₄

  6.37 I ^{3 P}

  12.73

  6.51

  6.22 ₃

  7.54 I ₃ P

  15.19

  6.57 ₃

  7.57

  15 27.39714 1.82648 217.6809 ** 2.35 3.41

  1 0.25561 0.25561 30.4641 ** 4.49 8.53

  I Kuad

  1 3.09053 3.09053 368.3314 ** 4.49 8.53

  I Lin

  3 3.38875 1.12958 134.6245 ** 3.63 5.29

  I

  6.63 Daftar Analisis Sidik Ragam Kadar Air (%) SK db JK KT F hit. F.05 F.01 Perlakuan

  6.61

  Rataan

  5.80 Total 212.30

  11.60

  5.79

  5.81 ⁴

  6.59 I ^{4 P}

  13.19

  15.09

  7.52 ²

  7.25 ¹

  5.55 ³

  10.33

  5.21

  5.12 ₄

  5.46 I ^{1 P}

  10.92

  5.37

  6.54 I ^{1 P}

  7.55 ₁

  13.09

  6.56

  6.52

  P

  7.28 I

  14.56

  7.31

  5.16 I ₂ P

  7.61

  7.75 I ^{3 P}

  6.27 I ₂ P

  I II

  7.80

  7.70 ₁

  5.33 I ₃ P

  10.67

  5.31

  5.35 ₄

  12.54

  15.15

  6.44

  6.10 ₃

  7.36 I ^{2 P}

  14.71

  7.38

  7.33 ²

  7.58 I ^{2 P}

  15.49

  I Kub

  1 0.04261 0.04261 5.0781 * 4.49 8.53

  P

  3 23.57705 7.85902 936.6440 ** 3.63 5.29

  P Lin

  1 22.87066 22.87066 2725.7443 ** 4.49 8.53

  P Kuad

  1 0.21625 0.21625 25.7731 ** 4.49 8.53

  P Kub

  1 0.49014 0.49014 58.4147 ** 4.49 8.53

  IxP

  9 0.43134 0.04793 5.7120 ** 2.54 3.78

  Galat

  16 0.134 0.008

  Total

  31 27.531

Keterangan: FK = 1,408.45 KK = 1.381% ** = sangat nyata * = nyata tn = tidak nyata Lampiran 2. Data Pengamatan Kadar Abu (%) Perlakuan Ulangan Total Rataan

  I ^{1 P}

  4.18 I ₄ P

  4.43

  4.34 ²

  4.27 I ^{4 P}

  8.54

  4.33

  4.21 ₁

  8.36

  4.38 I ^{4 P}

  4.20

  4.17 ⁴

  4.06 I ^{3 P}

  8.11

  4.11

  4.01 ³

  3.91 I ^{3 P}

  8.77

  4.42 ³

  3.91

  15 13.2135944 0.8809063 397.532 ** 2.35 3.41

  1 0.0609703 0.0609703 27.514 ** 4.49 8.53

  T Kuad

  1 12.1241020 12.1241020 5,471.324 ** 4.49 8.53

  T Lin

  3 12.1854186 4.0618062 1,832.998 ** 3.63 5.29

  I

  3.64 Daftar Analisis Sidik Ragam Kadar Abu (%)

SK db JK KT F hit. F.05 F.01

Perlakuan

  4.51

  Rataan

  4.57 Total 116.51

  9.14

  4.62

  4.52 ⁴

  4.47 I ^{4 P}

  8.93

  7.81

  3.90 ₂

  2.48 ₁

  2.90

  3.05 I ^{2 P}

  6.09

  3.05

  3.05 ₄

  2.90 I ₁ P

  5.80

  2.90 ₃

  3.17

  2.68 I ^{1 P}

  5.35

  2.67

  2.69 ²

  2.47 I ^{1 P}

  4.93

  2.45

  3.15 ₁

  6.31

  3.71 I ^{3 P}

  I II

  7.43

  3.72

  3.71 ¹

  3.61 I ^{3 P}

  7.23

  3.62

  3.57 I ^{2 P}

  3.16 I ² P

  7.14

  3.58

  3.57 ³

  3.28 I ^{2 P}

  6.56

  3.21

  3.35 ₂

  3.61 ₄

  T Kub

  1 0.0003463 0.0003463 0.156 tn 4.49 8.53

  P

  3 0.9609540 0.3203180 144.552 ** 3.63 5.29

  P Lin

  1 0.9495950 0.9495950 428.530 ** 4.49 8.53

  P Kuad

  1 0.0064128 0.0064128 2.894 tn 4.49 8.53

  P Kub

  1 0.0049462 0.0049462 2.232 tn 4.49 8.53

  IxP

  9 0.0672217 0.0074691 3.371 * 2.54 3.78

  Galat

  16 0.035 0.002

  Total

  31 13.249

Keterangan: FK = 424.20 KK = 1.293% ** = sangat nyata * = nyata tn = tidak nyata Lampiran 3. Data Pengamatan Analisa Kadar Protein (%) Perlakuan Ulangan Total Rataan

  I ₁ P

  8.22 I ^{4 P}

  12.24

  12.16 ²

  12.64 I ₄ P

  25.28

  12.59

  12.69 ¹

  16.45

  12.20 I ^{4 P}

  8.23

  8.21 ⁴

  8.50 I ^{3 P}

  17.00

  8.46

  8.55 ³

  9.48 I ₃ P

  24.41

  11.45 ³

  9.56

  15 185.86084 12.39072 3035.0367 ** 2.35 3.41

  1 6.59993 6.59993 1616.6141 ** 4.49 8.53

  I Kuad

  1 160.26043 160.26043 39254.8758 ** 4.49 8.53

  I Lin

  3 167.38786 55.79595 13666.8997 ** 3.63 5.29

  I

  8.50 Daftar Analisis Sidik Ragam Kadar Protein (%)

SK db JK KT F hit. F.05 F.01

Perlakuan

  11.40

  Rataan

  11.33 Total 271.96

  22.65

  11.38

  11.27 ⁴

  11.42 I ^{4 P}

  22.84

  18.95

  9.39 ²

  6.55 ¹

  5.73

  5.30 I ^{2 P}

  10.60

  5.26

  5.34 ⁴

  5.69 I ^{1 P}

  11.37

  5.65 ³

  7.89

  6.45 I ^{1 P}

  12.91

  6.41

  6.50 ²

  6.59 I ^{1 P}

  13.18

  6.63

  7.99 ¹

  15.88

  10.67 I ^{3 P}

  I II

  21.34

  10.74

  10.60 ¹

  5.70 I ^{3 P}

  11.39

  5.72

  6.34 I ₂ P

  7.94 I ^{2 P}

  12.68

  6.36

  6.32 ³

  7.51 I ₂ P

  15.02

  7.49

  7.53 ²

  5.67 ⁴

  I Kub

  1.81

  1.66

  1.68 ₃

  1.74 I ₃ P

  3.47

  1.72

  1.75 ₂

  1.81 I ₃ P

  3.62

  1.81 ₁

  1.67 I ^{3 P}

  1.74 I ₃ P

  3.47

  1.74

  1.73 ⁴

  1.82 I ^{2 P}

  3.65

  1.88

  1.77 ₃

  1.87 I ² P

  3.33

  1.58 ₄

  1.92

  1.63 ₃

  1.84

  

58.91

Rataan

  1.55 Total

  3.09

  1.51

  1.58 ⁴

  1.61 I ^{4 P}

  3.22

  1.59

  1.70 I ^{4 P}

  1.58

  3.39

  1.68

  1.71 ²

  1.74 I ^{4 P}

  3.47

  1.71

  1.76 ¹

  1.58 I ^{4 P}

  3.16

  3.74

  1.82 ²

  1 0.52750 0.52750 129.2090 ** 4.49 8.53

  1 0.07905 0.07905 19.3626 ** 4.49 8.53

  P

  3 16.79979 5.59993 1371.6707 ** 3.63 5.29

  P Lin

  2.06 I ^{2 P}

  1 16.36134 16.36134 4007.6165 ** 4.49 8.53

  P Kuad

  P Kub

  I II

  1 0.35940 0.35940 88.0330 ** 4.49 8.53

  IxP

  Keterangan: FK = 2,311.30 KK = 0.752% ** = sangat nyata * = nyata tn = tidak nyata

  31 185.926

  Total

  16 0.065 0.004

  Perlakuan Ulangan Total Rataan

  I ^{1 P}

  9 1.67320 0.18591 45.5378 ** 2.54 3.78

  1.88 ₄

  4.12

  2.11

  2.01 ¹

  1.90 I ^{2 P}

  3.80

  1.91

  2.13 I ₁ P

  2.33 ¹

  4.25

  2.14

  2.11 ³

  2.34 I ^{1 P}

  4.68

  2.36

  Galat

Daftar Analisis Sidik Ragam Kadar Serat (%)

  

SK db JK KT F hit. F.05 F.01

Perlakuan

  15 1.64439 0.10963 78.3664 **

  2.35

  3.41 I 3 1.21912 0.40637 290.4967 **

  3.63

  5.29 I Lin 1 1.11880 1.11880 799.7778 **

  8.53 I Kuad 1 0.10013 0.10013 71.5768 **

  4.49

  8.53 Lampiran 4. Data Pengamatan Analisa Kadar Serat (%)

  4.49

  I Kub

  1 0.00019 0.00019 0.1356 tn

  4.49

  8.53 P 3 0.37447 0.12482 89.2306 **

  3.63

  5.29 P Lin 1 0.37193 0.37193 265.8752 **

  4.49

  8.53 P Kuad 1 0.00023 0.00023 0.1629 tn

  4.49

  8.53 P Kub 1 0.00231 0.00231 1.6538 tn

  4.49

  8.53 IxP 9 0.05080 0.00564 4.0349 **

  2.54

  3.78 Galat 16 0.022 0.001

  Total

  31 1.667

Keterangan: FK = 108.46 KK = 2.032% ** = sangat nyata * = nyata tn = tidak nyata Lampiran 5. Data Pengamatan Analisa Organoleptik Warna Perlakuan Ulangan Total Rataan

  I ^{1 P}

  4.73

  2.71 ³

  2.73

  5.44

  2.72 I ^{3 P}

  2.82 ⁴

  2.80

  5.62

  2.81 I ^{4 P}

  2.20 ¹

  2.30

  4.50

  2.25 I ₄ P

  2.40 ₂

  2.33

  2.37 I ^{4 P}

  5.24

  2.52 ³

  2.45

  4.97

  2.49 I ^{4 P}

  2.60 ₄

  2.58

  5.18

  2.59 Total

  95.30 Rataan

  2.98 Daftar Analisis Sidik Ragam Orgnoleptik Warna

SK db JK KT F hit. F.05 F.01

Perlakuan

  15 7.07769 0.47185 589.8073 ** 2.35

  3.41 I 3 6.64501 2.21500 2768.7552 ** 3.63

  5.29 T Lin 1 6.46416 6.46416 8080.2000 ** 4.49

  8.53

  2.62 I ^{3 P}

  2.61

  3.41 ¹

  3.14 I ^{2 P}

  3.40

  6.81

  3.41 I ^{1 P}

  3.65 ₃

  3.61

  7.26

  3.63 I ^{1 P}

  3.73 ⁴

  3.70

  7.43

  3.72 I ^{2 P}

  3.12 ¹

  3.15

  6.27

  3.20 ²

  2.63 ²

  3.40

  2.51 I ^{3 P}

  5.01

  2.50

  2.51 ¹

  3.41 I ^{3 P}

  6.82

  I II

  3.21

  3.31 I ₂ P

  6.61

  3.30

  3.31 ³

  3.21 I ^{2 P}

  6.41

  3.42 ₄

  T Kuad

  2.40 ¹

  2.80

  2.60 ³

  2.75 I ^{3 P}

  5.50

  2.60

  2.90 ₂

  2.40 I ^{3 P}

  4.80

  2.40

  3.30 I ^{3 P}

  2.70 I ^{3 P}

  6.60

  3.50

  3.10 ₄

  3.25 I ₂ P

  6.50

  3.20

  3.30 ³

  3.30 I ^{2 P}

  6.60

  5.40

  3.00 ⁴

  3.30 ₂

  2.30 ³

  3.01

  96.30 Rataan

  2.45 Total

  4.90

  2.50

  2.40 ₄

  2.35 I ^{4 P}

  4.70

  2.40

  2.30 I ^{4 P}

  3.10

  4.60

  2.30

  2.30 ₂

  2.25 I ₄ P

  4.50

  2.30

  2.20 ¹

  3.05 I ^{4 P}

  6.10

  3.30

  3.55 I ₂ P

  1 0.00661 0.00661 8.2656 *

  5.29 P Lin 1 0.42849 0.42849 535.6125 ** 4.49

  I II

  Perlakuan Ulangan Total Rataan

  4.49

  7.10

  8.53 T Kub 1 0.17424 0.17424 217.8000 ** 4.49

  8.53 P 3 0.42886 0.14295 178.6927 ** 3.63

  8.53 P Kuad 1 0.00001 0.00001 0.0156 tn

  3.60 ₁

  4.49

  8.53 P Kub 1 0.00036 0.00036 0.4500 tn

  4.49

  8.53 IxP 9 0.00381 0.00042 0.5295 tn

  Keterangan: FK = 283.82 KK = 0.950% ** = sangat nyata * = nyata tn = tidak nyata

  31 7.090

  Total

  I ^{1 P}

  3.50

  2.54

  3.55 I ^{1 P}

  3.60

  3.50 ¹

  3.70 I ^{2 P}

  7.40

  3.80

  3.60 ⁴

  7.10

  7.10

  3.60

  3.50 ₃

  3.70 I ₁ P

  7.40

  3.60

  3.80 ²

  3.55 I ^{1 P}

  3.78 Galat 16 0.013 0.001

Daftar Analisis Sidik Ragam Organoleptik Aroma

  

SK db JK KT F hit. F.05 F.01

Perlakuan

  15 8.84219 0.58948 41.9185 **

  2.35

  3.41 I 3 8.21844 2.73948 194.8074 **

  3.63

  5.29 T Lin 1 8.05506 8.05506 572.8044 **

  4.49

  8.53 T Kuad 1 0.02531 0.02531 1.8000 tn

  8.53 Lampiran 6. Data Pengamatan Analisa Organoleptik Aroma

  4.49

  T Kub

  1 0.13806 0.13806 9.8178 **

  4.49

  8.53 P 3 0.16594 0.05531 3.9333 *

  3.63

  5.29 P Lin 1 0.10506 0.10506 7.4711 *

  4.49

  8.53 P Kuad 1 0.01531 0.01531 1.0889 tn

  4.49

  8.53 P Kub 1 0.04556 0.04556 3.2400 tn

  4.49

  8.53 IxP 9 0.45781 0.05087 3.6173 *

  2.54

  3.78 Galat 16 0.225 0.014

  Total

  31 9.067

Keterangan: FK = 289.80 KK = 3.941% ** = sangat nyata * = nyata tn = tidak nyata Lampiran 7. Data Pengamatan Analisa Organoleptik Rasa Perlakuan Ulangan Total Rataan

  I ^{1 P}

  3.18 I ₄ P

  3.25

  3.33 ₂

  3.48 I ₄ P

  6.95

  3.40

  3.55 ₁

  6.35

  3.29 I ₄ P

  3.15

  3.20 ₄

  3.31 I ₃ P

  6.61

  3.31

  3.30 ₃

  3.51 I ^{3 P}

  6.58

  3.21 ₃

  3.42

  15 0.87170 0.05811 9.0669 **

  8.53

  4.49

  5.29 T Lin 1 0.20378 0.20378 31.7934 **

  3.63

  3.41 I 3 0.21873 0.07291 11.3758 **

  2.35

  3.42 Daftar Analisis Sidik Ragam Organoleptik Rasa SK db JK KT F hit. F.05 F.01 Perlakuan

  3.23

  Rataan

  3.21 Total 109.53

  6.42

  3.31

  3.11 ⁴

  3.22 I ^{4 P}

  6.44

  7.02

  3.60 ²

  3.70 ¹

  3.40

  3.35 I ^{2 P}

  6.70

  3.30

  3.40 ⁴

  3.45 I ^{1 P}

  6.90

  3.50 ³

  3.73

  3.58 I ^{1 P}

  7.15

  3.55

  3.60 ₂

  3.65 I ^{1 P}

  7.30

  3.60

  3.70 ¹

  7.43

  3.60 I ^{3 P}

  I II

  7.20

  3.50

  3.70 ¹

  3.27 I ^{3 P}

  6.53

  3.23

  3.40 I ^{2 P}

  3.72 I ₂ P

  6.80

  3.40

  3.40 ³

  3.58 I ^{2 P}

  7.15

  3.65

  3.50 ₂

  3.30 ⁴

  T Kuad

  4.49

  Total

  3.78 Galat 16 0.103 0.006

  2.54

  8.53 IxP 9 0.05025 0.00558 0.8712 tn

  4.49

  8.53 P Kub 1 0.00203 0.00203 0.3168 tn

  8.53 P Kuad 1 0.00165 0.00165 0.2579 tn

  1 0.01320 0.01320 2.0600 tn

  4.49

  5.29 P Lin 1 0.59903 0.59903 93.4608 **

  3.63

  8.53 P 3 0.60271 0.20090 31.3452 **

  4.49

  8.53 T Kub 1 0.00176 0.00176 0.2739 tn

  4.49

  31 0.974

Keterangan: FK = 374.90 KK = 2.339% ** = sangat nyata * = nyata tn = tidak nyata Lampiran 8. Data Pengamatan Analisa Organoleptik Tekstur Perlakuan Ulangan Total Rataan

  I ^{1 P}

  3.30

  2.55 I ₄ P

  5.10

  2.50

  2.60 ₁

  3.35 I ₄ P

  6.70

  3.40 ₄

  2.62

  3.10 I ^{3 P}

  6.20

  3.10

  3.10 ₃

  2.95 I ^{3 P}

  5.90

  2.60 ₂

  5.22

  3.00 ²

  3.15 Total 101.87

  8.53

  5.29 I Lin 1 3.41933 3.41933 765.6992 ** 4.49

  3.41 I 3 3.47883 1.15961 259.6751 ** 3.63

  15 5.38867 0.35924 80.4467 ** 2.35

  3.18 Daftar Analisis Sidik Ragam Organoleptik Tekstur SK db JK KT F hit. F.05 F.01 Perlakuan

  Rataan

  6.30

  2.61 I ^{4 P}

  3.10

  3.20 ₄

  2.85 I ^{4 P}

  5.70

  2.90

  2.80 ³

  2.90

  2.55 I ^{3 P}

  3.40 ¹

  3.90 ³

  7.80

  3.90

  3.90 ₄

  3.85 I ₁ P

  7.70

  3.80

  3.55 I ^{1 P}

  3.10 ¹

  7.10

  3.50

  3.60 ₂

  3.35 I ₁ P

  6.70

  3.30

  3.90 I ^{2 P}

  3.00

  5.10

  3.35 I ^{2 P}

  2.50

  2.60 ₁

  3.63 I ₃ P

  7.25

  3.55

  3.70 ⁴

  6.70

  6.10

  I II

  3.40 ₃

  3.15 I ^{2 P}

  6.30

  3.10

  3.20 ₂

  3.05 I ₂ P

  3.30

  I Kuad

  1 0.05865 0.05865 13.1344 ** 4.49

  8.53 I Kub 1 0.00086 0.00086 0.1916 tn

  4.49

  8.53 P 3 1.79358 0.59786 133.8808 ** 3.63

  5.29 P Lin 1 1.79141 1.79141 401.1545 ** 4.49

  8.53 P Kuad 1 0.00165 0.00165 0.3702 tn

  4.49

  8.53 P Kub 1 0.00053 0.00053 0.1177 tn

  4.49

  8.53 IxP 9 0.11625 0.01292 2.8925 *

  2.54

  3.78 Galat 16 0.071 0.004

  Total

  31 5.460

  Keterangan: FK = 324.30 KK = 2.099% ** = sangat nyata * = nyata tn = tidak nyata