FIGURES OF SPEECH IN RANI SIMBOLON’S TOBA BATAK POP SONGS.

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FIGURES OF SPEECH

IN RANI SIMBOLON’S TOBA BATAK POP SONGS

A THESIS

Submitted to the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

By:

LUSI RENGSI ANA HUTAGALUNG Registration Number. 209220028

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2013

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Great thanks to our Mighty God for the wonderful and never ending blesssing and love especially for the strength and guidance during the completion of this thesis. This thesis has been written to fulfill the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra at English and Literature Department of Faculty of Language and Arts, State University of Medan.

In finishing this thesis the writer has been helped by many people, therefore in this occssion she would like to extend her sincere and special thanks to :

 Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si , the Rector of State University of

Medan.

 Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum , the Dean of Faculty Languages and Arts of

State University of Medan for her leadership in the academic process.

 Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd, as the head of English and Literature

Department and also her thesis consultant for her advices, guidance, motivation, constructive comments, and her precious time in making correction to this thesis.

 Dra. Rahmah, M.Hum as the secretary of English and Literature Department, Dra. Meisuri, M.A , as the head of Applied Linguistics, and also to Dra. Masitowarni, M.Ed , as the head of English Education for all suggestions

and administrative help during her study and time in conducting this thesis.  Dr. Siti Aisah Ginting, M.Pd, as the academic consultant, for her advices.

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 For all beloved lectures throughout her academic years at State University of Medan who shared their knowledge well.

 Her beloved father R.O.Hutagalung and her beloved mother G.br. Nababan who have patiently given moral,spiritual, and financial support including the endless love and pray for her.

 Her big family, brothers, and sisters, Rolan Hutagalung, Roni Hutagalung,

Rini Hutagalung, and Rian Hutagalung for their support and cares.

 Her beloved friends during completing this thesis Rosni, Nindy, Devi,

Faris, Sefty, Fransiska, Jimmi, Juniar, Hana, Andika,Harna, Conny, Anti, Inggrid, Ica, Lutfi, Irham,Siska P,Lisa, Sisna,Lenny, Suci, Anita, Winda

and all classmates in Applied Linguistics A and B 2009 that she can not be mentioned thanks for the support, advices and leisure times.

 Her churchmates in HKBP Indra Kasih, Medan,especially Debby Getha

Manalu, AMAF, and Hotria Sinaga, Amd, and Riko Sirait who always pray

and support the writer.

 Mam Endah who helped in administration.

May God always bless our life.

Medan, February 2013 The Writer

Lusi Rengsi Ana Hutagalung Reg.No.209220028

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ABSTRACT...i

ACKNOWLEDGMENT...iii

TABLE OF CONTENT...iv

LIST OF TABLES...vi

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ... 1

A. The Background of The Study ... 1

B. The Problem of The Study ... 4

C. The Objective of The Study ... 4

D. The Scope of The Study ... 5

E. The Significance of The Study ... 5

CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 6

A. Semantics ... 6

B. Kinds of Languages ... 6

1. Literal Language ... 7

2. Figurative Language... 7

C. Figures of Speech ... 8

1. Simile ... 11

2. Metaphor ... 12

3. Symbol ... 12

4. Metonymy ... 13

5. Synecdoche ... 14

6. Hyperbole ... 14

7. Personification ... 14

8. Apostrophe ... 15

9. Allegory ... 16

10. Paradox ... 16

11. Understatement ... 16

12. Irony ... 17

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D. Song ... 18

E. Kinds of Song ... 19

F. Batak Pop songs ... 20

G. Biography of Rani Simbolon ... 20

CHAPTER III :RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 22

A. Research Design ... 22

B. The Source of Data ... 22

C. The Technique of Collecting Data ... 23

D. The Technique of Analyzing Data...23

CHAPTER IV : DATA AND ANALYSIS...24

A. Data...24

B. Data Analysis...24

C. Types of Figures of Speech...25

1.Simile...25

2. Hyperbole...26

3. Metaphor...26

4. Personification...27

D. Research Findings... ...38

CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION...39

A. Conclusion...39

B. Suggestion...40

REFERENCES……….41

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vii

LIST OF APPENDICES

Page Appendix I. The Song Lyrics of Rani Simbolon...41

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. The Background of the Study

Language is an inseparable part of human life to express thoughts, feeling, desires and intension both in spoken and written way. People use language to communicate between and among them. Spoken is the process of expressing ideas and feelings or giving information orally. Written is done in writing activity, available in short story, article, poem, song lyrics, and etc.

Language and culture are two major things that cannot be separated from human life. Indonesia is a big country. Indonesia has many tribes as well as their languages. One of the

tribes in Indonesia is Bataknese. The Batak’s society consists of a few sub tribes, such as

Toba, Karo, Mandailing, Angkola and Pakpak. The Toba language is one of the regional languages in Indonesia. Batak Toba people are mostly live in North Tapanuli, Samosir, Humbang Hasundutan, and Toba Samosir and the other area in North Sumatra Province.

They use this language for their daily activity or other cultural ceremony. The cultural ceremony such as wedding ceremony and death ceremony. Batak people convey their ideas, feeling, and experience through song lyrics.

There are many ways for human to express the ideas or situations which are happening. Literature is the art of written works. There are three major forms of literature; prose, drama and poetry. Prose is the written expression of thought which conveys some of point of view, such as novel, short story, and etc. Drama is the specific mode of fiction. by

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expression of imaginative thought and feeling. As the object analysis , lyrics means a short poem that expresses feelings in a form of song which could be accompanied by music.

Figures of speech important for listener to understanding the meaning of song and also very important for composer to make song because without using figures of speech the composer will difficult to express their feeling, thinking, emotion, and happiness. A figure of speech or (the latter word has a more specific use) is a non-ordinary use of language employed to create an emphasis, amplify a meaning, draw a comparison or contrast, or to make a rhetorical point. The figure may be achieved by employing repetition of words or sounds in a specific pattern, making an interjection, stating or implying a comparison, using synonyms, or using a specific pattern of argument.

Song is a short poem or number of verses set to music and intended to be sung (Hornby, 1974). Song is a tool or media for people to show their feeling, idea, opinion, and emotion. Song gives people happiness and enjoyment when they enjoy it. A song writer may use figure of speech in his/her song in order to beautify the language, a song writers intends to say something indirectly so that the lyrics of the song has aesthetic value and the listener interested to hear it. A song lyrics is a kind of a text.

Pop song is a modern popular music that has been popular since the 1950s, usually with a strong rhythm and simple tunes (Hornby 2005: 1170). Pop song has a focus commercial recording, often oriented towards a youth market, usually through the medium of relatively short and simple love song.

Batak songs are use to express feelings, thought and idea of everything, such as religion, belief or humanity, etc. Every song and also Toba Batak song has lyrics. They

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contain some words, standard or non-standard. The song writer not only expresses the thoughts and feelings but also beautifies and raises the value of art works. The song writer feelings can be indicated in the song lyrics and has a function for the social control for the other people.

Figure of speech is a language that uses words or expression with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation, when a writer uses literal language; he or she is simply stating the facts as they are. A figure of speech may be said to occur whenever a speaker or writer, for the sake of freshness or emphasis, departs from the usual denotations of words. Figure of speech is not devices to state what is demonstrably untrue. Indeed they often state truths that more literal language cannot communicate; they call attention to such truths; they lend them emphasis.

The writer interested to conduct this research because generally the readers including the writer herself sometimes found some difficulties in understanding the meaning from the song lyrics. The writer chooses songs by Rani Simbolon because Rani Simbolon’s song are meaningful and enjoyable to be heard. The lyrics of songs are typically of a poetic, rhyming nature, although they may be religious verses or free prose. It is caused because the song writer merely use figure of speech in order to be more interesting, memorable, and aesthetic.

Based on explanation, the study will explore the figure of speech in the song lyrics of

“Rani Simbolon” Toba Batak Pop Songs. Rani Simbolon’s song lyrics use many figures of

speech. It makes the writer takes Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs lyrics as her sample of the study.

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B. The Problem of the Study

Based on the background of the study, this study will conduct to answer the following questions:

1. What figures of speech are used in the lyrics of Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs?

2. How is the figures of speech used in the lyrics of Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs?

3. In what context, the figure of speech used dominantly in the lyrics of Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs?

C. The Objective of the Study

Based on the problem of the study, the objectives of this study are:

1. To describe the figures of speech which are used in the lyrics of Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs.

2. To derive the figures of speech that used in the lyrics of Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs.

3. To reason the figures of speech as found in Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs.

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D. The Scope of the Study

This research is limited to the figures of speech used and found in the lyrics of “Rani Simbolon” Toba Batak Pop songs. There are 10 songs that will be analyzed because there are using many figures of speech.

E. The Significance of the Study

The significance of this thesis study has theoretical and practical purposes :

1. Theoretically, this thesis study is add the vocabulary of literary study in terms of figure of speech. Then, this thesis maybe uses as a literary for further study of literature and can help to develop of the figure of speech theory.

2. Practically, this thesis study is directed to students of literature to find out the insight of literature which is different from kinds of figure of speech used in other songs and it can help the students of English and literatures department, who study figures of speech to help them understand and comprehend it moreover it will enrich their knowledge about figure of speech and they can use it correctly and beautifully.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusions

After analyzing the data, the conclusions of this research are:

a. The total number of the occurences of figures of speech are 27 which are found in 10 Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs.

b. There are 4 types of figures of speech that were used in Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs. The percentage of each types of figures of speech are Simile 14,8 %, Metaphor 7,4 %, Personification 29,6 %, Hyperbole 48,2 %.

c. The most dominant type of figure of speech in Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Song lyrics is Hyperbole.The most dominant type of figures in Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Song is Hyperbole because it as an exaggeration used for special effect. Hyperbole is commonly used in daily conversation and also in all kinds of literature such as prose or drama and song lyrics. We can conlude that hyperbole is used to make the object become greater than real object. The statement is not meant to be taken literally.

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B. Suggestions

In relation to the conclusions, it is well suggested :

a. To the readers of figures of speech to learn about Poetry and Literary criticism first because this subject lead us to find figures of speech and use of them. b. To the students of Applied Linguistics to apply a similar analysis on other text,

because analyzing a song based on types of figures of speech can improve the students ability in understanding of figures of speech.

c. To the other researchers to find the other fields of language or other aspect which can be a way in conducting a new a research of figures of speech, and make research in other songs, it can be the ethnics songs like Karonese, Simalungunese, and Javanese in order to maintain this culture and to practise the language itself.

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REFERENCES

Arikunto, Suharsimi.2006. ProsedurPenelitian: SuatuPendekatanPraktek. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Holman, C.H. and Harmon, W. 1986. A Handbook. To Literature . Washington D.C: Macmillan.

Kennedy, X.J.1991. Literature: an Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Boston- Toronto:Little and Brown.

Leech, Geoffrey. 1981. Syle in Fiction A Linguistics Introduction to English Fictional Prose. London: Longman.

Maclin, Alice.1992. A Handbook of English as a Second Language .WashingtonD.C: CBS College.

Nazir,M. 2003.MetodePenelitian. Jakarta:GhaliaIndonesia.

Pardede, Martha. 2008, Apresiasi Puisi-puisi Inggris. Medan: USU. Perine, L. 1969.Sound and Sense. New York: Brace and Wolrd. Saeed, J.I.2004.Semantics.Maryland: Dunwoody Press.

Sianturi, M.2011. Figures of Speech in the lyrics of

Hoobastank’s selectedsong.State University of Medan, Thesis

Unimed(Unpublished).

http: //www.answer.com//Retrieved on November 12th October 2012. http://batak-musik.blogspot.com/2012_02_01_archive.html. Retrieved on

November 2nd 2012.

http: //www.isb.scu.edu// Retrieved on November 14th October 2012.

http: // respository.usu.ac.id/ bitstream/ pdf. Retrieved on November 2nd 2012. http: / /www.thefreedictionary.com // Retrieved on November 3rd October 2012. http: // www.yourdictionary.com/dictionary articles/ Figurative Language.html. Retrievedon 14th October 2012.

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Based on explanation, the study will explore the figure of speech in the song lyrics of “Rani Simbolon” Toba Batak Pop Songs. Rani Simbolon’s song lyrics use many figures of speech. It makes the writer takes Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs lyrics as her sample of the study.

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B. The Problem of the Study

Based on the background of the study, this study will conduct to answer the following questions:

1. What figures of speech are used in the lyrics of Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs?

2. How is the figures of speech used in the lyrics of Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs?

3. In what context, the figure of speech used dominantly in the lyrics of Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs?

C. The Objective of the Study

Based on the problem of the study, the objectives of this study are:

1. To describe the figures of speech which are used in the lyrics of Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs.

2. To derive the figures of speech that used in the lyrics of Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs.

3. To reason the figures of speech as found in Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs.

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D. The Scope of the Study

E. The Significance of the Study

The significance of this thesis study has theoretical and practical purposes :

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusions

After analyzing the data, the conclusions of this research are:

a. The total number of the occurences of figures of speech are 27 which are found in 10 Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Songs.

c. The most dominant type of figure of speech in Rani Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop

Song lyrics is Hyperbole.The most dominant type of figures in Rani

Simbolon’s Toba Batak Pop Song is Hyperbole because it as an exaggeration

used for special effect. Hyperbole is commonly used in daily conversation and also in all kinds of literature such as prose or drama and song lyrics. We can conlude that hyperbole is used to make the object become greater than real object. The statement is not meant to be taken literally.

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B. Suggestions

In relation to the conclusions, it is well suggested :

because analyzing a song based on types of figures of speech can improve the students ability in understanding of figures of speech.

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REFERENCES

Arikunto, Suharsimi.2006. ProsedurPenelitian: SuatuPendekatanPraktek. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Holman, C.H. and Harmon, W. 1986. A Handbook. To Literature . Washington D.C: Macmillan.

Kennedy, X.J.1991. Literature: an Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Boston- Toronto:Little and Brown.

Leech, Geoffrey. 1981. Syle in Fiction A Linguistics Introduction to English Fictional Prose. London: Longman.

Maclin, Alice.1992. A Handbook of English as a

Second Language .WashingtonD.C: CBS College. Nazir,M. 2003.MetodePenelitian. Jakarta:GhaliaIndonesia.

Pardede, Martha. 2008, Apresiasi Puisi-puisi Inggris. Medan: USU. Perine, L. 1969.Sound and Sense. New York: Brace and Wolrd. Saeed, J.I.2004.Semantics.Maryland: Dunwoody Press.

Sianturi, M.2011. Figures of Speech in the lyrics of

Hoobastank’s selectedsong.State University of Medan, Thesis

Unimed(Unpublished).

http: //www.answer.com//Retrieved on November 12th October 2012. http://batak-musik.blogspot.com/2012_02_01_archive.html. Retrieved on

November 2nd 2012.

http: //www.isb.scu.edu// Retrieved on November 14th October 2012.

FIGURES OF SPEECH IN RANI SIMBOLON’S TOBA BATAK POP SONGS.