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ST A T US A S A T : 20-11-2013 05:01:45 EDT
CHA PT ER XXI
LA W OF T HE SEA
6 . Un i t ed Na t i on s Con v en t i on on t h e La w of t h e Sea
Mon t eg o Ba y , 1 0 Decem ber 1 9 8 2
En t r y i n t o for ce : 1 6 Nov em ber 1 9 9 4 , in a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 3 0 8 (1 ).
Regi st r a t i on : 1 6 Nov em ber 1 9 9 4 , No. 3 1 3 6 3
St a t u s : Sig n a t or ies : 1 5 7 . Pa r t ies :. 1 6 6 1
T ext : Un it ed Na t ion s, Treaty Series , v ol. 1 8 3 3 , p. 3 ; deposit a r y n ot ifica t ion s
C.N.2 3 6 .1 9 8 4 .T REA T IES-7 of 5 Oct ober 1 9 8 4 (pr ocès-v er ba l of r ect ifica t ion of t h e
En g lish a n d Spa n ish a u t h en t ic t ex t s); C.N.2 0 2 .1 9 8 5 .T REA T IES-1 7 of 2 3 A u g u st 1 9 8 5
(pr ocès-v er ba l of r ect ifica t ion of t h e or ig in a l En g lish t ex t ); C.N.1 7 .1 9 8 6 .T REA T IES-1
of 7 A pr il 1 9 8 6 (pr ocès-v er ba l of r ect ifica t ion of t h e or ig in a l A r a bic, Ch in ese, En g lish ,
Fr en ch a n d Spa n ish t ex t s of t h e Fin a l A ct ); C.N.1 6 6 .1 9 9 3 .T REA T IES-4 of 9 A u g u st
1 9 9 3 (pr ocès-v er ba l of r ect ifica t ion of t h e or ig in a l A r a bic, Ch in ese, En g lish , Fr en ch
a n d Spa n ish t ex t s of t h e Fin a l A ct ); a n d v ol. 1 9 0 4 , p. 3 2 0 (pr ocès-v er ba l of
r ect ifica t ion of t h e or ig in a l Fr en ch t ex t ); C.N.6 9 4 .2 0 0 5 .T REA T IES-5 of 7 Sept em ber
2 0 0 5 (Pr oposa l of cor r ect ion t o A r t icle 5 of A n n ex II of t h e a u t h en t ic Spa n ish t ex t of
t h e Con v en t ion ) a n d C.N.1 0 2 3 .2 0 0 5 .T REA T IES-7 of 7 Oct ober 2 0 0 5 [pr ocès-v er ba l of
r ect ifica t ion of t h e or ig in a l of t h e Con v en t ion (Spa n ish a u t h en t ic t ex t )].
Not e : T h e Con v en t ion w a s a dopt ed by t h e T h ir d Un it ed Na t ion s Con fer en ce on t h e La w of
t h e Sea a n d open ed for sig n a t u r e, t og et h er w it h t h e Fin a l A ct of t h e Con fer en ce, a t
Mon t eg o Ba y , Ja m a ica , on 1 0 Decem ber 1 9 8 2 . T h e Con fer en ce w a s con v en ed
pu r su a n t t o r esolu t ion 3 0 6 7 (X X V III)2 a dopt ed by t h e Gen er a l A ssem bly on 1 6
Nov em ber 1 9 7 3 . T h e Con fer en ce h eld elev en session s, fr om 1 9 7 3 t o 1 9 8 2 , a s follow s:
- Fir st session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 3 t o 1 5 Decem ber 1 9 7 3 ;
- Secon d session : Pa r qu e Cen t r a l, Ca r a ca s, 2 0 Ju n e t o 2 9 A u g u st 1 9 7 4 ;
- T h ir d session : Un it ed Na t ion s Office a t Gen ev a , 1 7 Ma r ch t o 9 Ma y 1 9 7 5 ;
- Fou r t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 1 5 Ma r ch t o 7 Ma y 1 9 7 6 ;
- Fift h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 2 A u g u st t o 1 7 Sept em ber
197 6;
- Six t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 2 3 Ma y t o 1 5 Ju ly 1 9 7 7 ;
- Sev en t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Office a t Gen ev a , 2 8 Ma r ch t o 1 9 Ma y 1 9 7 8 ;
- Resu m ed sev en t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 2 1 A u g u st t o 1 5
Sept em ber 1 9 7 8 ;
- Eig h t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Office a t Gen ev a , 1 9 Ma r ch t o 2 7 A pr il 1 9 7 9 ;
- Resu m ed eig h t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 1 9 Ju ly t o 2 4
A u g u st 1 9 7 9 ;
- Nin t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 3 Ma r ch t o 4 A pr il 1 9 8 0 ;
- Resu m ed n in t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Office a t Gen ev a , 2 8 Ju ly t o 2 9 A u g u st
1 9 80;
- T en t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 9 Ma r ch t o 2 4 A pr il 1 9 8 1 ;
- Resu m ed t en t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Office a t Gen ev a , 3 t o 2 8 A u g u st 1 9 8 1 ;
- Elev en t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 8 Ma r ch t o 3 0 A pr il
1 982;
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1 982;
- Resu m ed elev en t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 2 2 t o 2 4
Sept em ber 1 9 8 2 ;
- Fin a l Pa r t of t h e elev en t h session : Mon t eg o Ba y , Ja m a ica , 6 t o 1 0 Decem ber 1 9 8 2 .
T h e Con fer en ce a lso a dopt ed a Fin a l A ct 3 w it h , a n n ex ed t h er et o, n in e r esolu t ion s a n d
a st a t em en t of u n der st a n din g . T h e t ex t of t h e Fin a l A ct h a s been r epr odu ced a s
docu m en t A /CONF.6 2 /1 2 1 a n d Cor r . 1 t o 8 .
Part icipant 4
Signat ure,
Succession t o Formal confirmat ion(c), Accession(a),
signat ure(d) Succession(d), Rat ificat ion
Afghanistan
1 8 Mar 1 9 83
Albania
2 3 Jun 2 003 a
Algeria
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 1 Jun 1 9 9 6
Angola
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
5 Dec 1 9 9 0
Antigua and Barbuda
7 Feb 1 9 83
2 Feb 1 9 89
Argentina
5 Oct 1 9 84
1 Dec 1 9 9 5
Arm enia
9 Dec 2 002 a
Australia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
5 Oct 1 9 9 4
Austria
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 4 Jul 1 9 9 5
Baham as
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 9 Jul 1 9 83
Bahrain
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
3 0 May 1 9 85
Bangladesh
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 7 Jul 2 001
Barbados
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 2 Oct 1 9 9 3
Belarus
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
3 0 Aug 2 006
Belgium
5 Dec 1 9 84
1 3 Nov 1 9 9 8
Belize
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 3 Aug 1 9 83
Benin
3 0 Aug 1 9 83
1 6 Oct 1 9 9 7
Bhutan
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Boliv ia (Plurinational State of)
2 7 Nov 1 9 84
Bosnia and Herzegov ina 5
2 8 Apr 1 9 9 5
1 2 Jan 1 9 9 4 d
Botswana
5 Dec 1 9 84
2 May 1 9 9 0
Brazil
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 2 Dec 1 9 88
Brunei Darussalam
5 Dec 1 9 84
5 Nov 1 9 9 6
Bulgaria
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 5 May 1 9 9 6
Burkina Faso
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 5 Jan 2 005
Burundi
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Cam bodia
1 Jul 1 9 83
Cam eroon
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 9 Nov 1 9 85
Canada
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
7 Nov 2 003
1 0 Aug 1 9 87
Cape Verde
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Central African Republic
4 Dec 1 9 84
Chad
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 4 Aug 2 009
Chile
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 5 Aug 1 9 9 7
China
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
7 Jun 1 9 9 6
Colom bia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Com oros
6 Dec 1 9 84
2 1 Jun 1 9 9 4
Congo
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
9 Jul 2 008
Cook Islands
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 5 Feb 1 9 9 5
Costa Rica
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 1 Sep 1 9 9 2
Côte d'Iv oire
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 6 Mar 1 9 84
Croatia 5
Cuba
5 Apr 1 9 9 5 d
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 5 Aug 1 9 84
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Cuba
Cy prus
UNTC
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 5 Aug 1 9 84
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 2 Dec 1 9 88
Czech Republic 6
2 2 Feb 1 9 9 3 d 2 1 Jun 1 9 9 6
Dem ocratic People's Republic of Korea
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Dem ocratic Republic of the Congo
2 2 Aug 1 9 83
1 7 Feb 1 9 89
Denm ark
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 6 Nov 2 004
Djibouti
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
8 Oct 1 9 9 1
Dom inica
2 8 Mar 1 9 83
2 4 Oct 1 9 9 1
Dom inican Republic
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 0 Jul 2 009
Egy pt
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 6 Aug 1 9 83
El Salv ador
5 Dec 1 9 84
Equatorial Guinea
3 0 Jan 1 9 84
Ecuador
2 4 Sep 2 01 2 a
Estonia
2 1 Jul 1 9 9 7
2 6 Aug 2 005 a
Ethiopia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
European Union
7 Dec 1 9 84
1 Apr 1 9 9 8 c
Fiji
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Finland
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 1 Jun 1 9 9 6
France
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 1 Apr 1 9 9 6
Gabon
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 1 Mar 1 9 9 8
Gam bia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 2 May 1 9 84
Georgia
2 1 Mar 1 9 9 6 a
Germ any 7
1 4 Oct 1 9 9 4 a
Ghana
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
7 Jun 1 9 83
Greece
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 1 Jul 1 9 9 5
Grenada
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 5 Apr 1 9 9 1
Guatem ala
8 Jul 1 9 83
1 1 Feb 1 9 9 7
Guinea
4 Oct 1 9 84
6 Sep 1 9 85
Guinea-Bissau
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 5 Aug 1 9 86
Guy ana
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 6 Nov 1 9 9 3
Haiti
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
3 1 Jul 1 9 9 6
Honduras
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
5 Oct 1 9 9 3
Hungary
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
5 Feb 2 002
Iceland
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 1 Jun 1 9 85
India
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 9 Jun 1 9 9 5
Indonesia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
3 Feb 1 9 86
Iran (Islam ic Republic of)
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Iraq
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
3 0 Jul 1 9 85
Ireland
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 1 Jun 1 9 9 6
Italy
7 Dec 1 9 84
1 3 Jan 1 9 9 5
Jam aica
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 1 Mar 1 9 83
Japan
7 Feb 1 9 83
2 0 Jun 1 9 9 6
Jordan
Keny a
2 7 Nov 1 9 9 5 a
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Kiribati
2 Mar 1 9 89
2 4 Feb 2 003 a
Kuwait
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 May 1 9 86
Lao People's Dem ocratic Republic
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
5 Jun 1 9 9 8
Latv ia
2 3 Dec 2 004 a
Lebanon
7 Dec 1 9 84
5 Jan 1 9 9 5
Lesotho
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
3 1 May 2 007
Liberia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 5 Sep 2 008
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Liberia
UNTC
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Liby a
3 Dec 1 9 84
Liechtenstein
3 0 Nov 1 9 84
Lithuania
2 5 Sep 2 008
1 2 Nov 2 003 a
Luxem bourg
5 Dec 1 9 84
5 Oct 2 000
Madagascar
2 5 Feb 1 9 83
2 2 Aug 2 001
Malawi
7 Dec 1 9 84
2 8 Sep 2 01 0
Malay sia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 4 Oct 1 9 9 6
Maldiv es
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
7 Sep 2 000
Mali
1 9 Oct 1 9 83
1 6 Jul 1 9 85
Malta
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 0 May 1 9 9 3
Mauritania
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 7 Jul 1 9 9 6
Mauritius
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
4 Nov 1 9 9 4
Mexico
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 8 Mar 1 9 83
Marshall Islands
9 Aug 1 9 9 1 a
Micronesia (Federated States of)
2 9 Apr 1 9 9 1 a
Monaco
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 0 Mar 1 9 9 6
Mongolia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 3 Aug 1 9 9 6
Montenegro 4
2 3 Oct 2 006 d
Morocco
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
3 1 May 2 007
Mozam bique
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 3 Mar 1 9 9 7
My anm ar
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 1 May 1 9 9 6
Nam ibia 8
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 8 Apr 1 9 83
Nauru
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 3 Jan 1 9 9 6
Nepal
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 Nov 1 9 9 8
Netherlands 9
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 8 Jun 1 9 9 6
New Zealand
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 9 Jul 1 9 9 6
Nicaragua
9 Dec 1 9 84
3 May 2 000
Niger
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
7 Aug 2 01 3
Nigeria
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 4 Aug 1 9 86
Niue
5 Dec 1 9 84
1 1 Oct 2 006
Norway
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 4 Jun 1 9 9 6
Om an
1 Jul 1 9 83
1 7 Aug 1 9 89
Pakistan
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 6 Feb 1 9 9 7
Palau
Panam a
3 0 Sep 1 9 9 6 a
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 Jul 1 9 9 6
Papua New Guinea
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 4 Jan 1 9 9 7
Paraguay
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 6 Sep 1 9 86
Philippines
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
8 May 1 9 84
Poland
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 3 Nov 1 9 9 8
Portugal
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
3 Nov 1 9 9 7
Qatar
2 7 Nov 1 9 84
9 Dec 2 002
Republic of Korea
1 4 Mar 1 9 83
2 9 Jan 1 9 9 6
Rom ania
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 7 Dec 1 9 9 6
Russian Federation
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 2 Mar 1 9 9 7
Rwanda
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Sam oa
2 8 Sep 1 9 84
Sao Tom e and Principe
1 3 Jul 1 9 83
3 Nov 1 9 87
Saudi Arabia
7 Dec 1 9 84
2 4 Apr 1 9 9 6
Senegal
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 5 Oct 1 9 84
Republic of Moldov a
6 Feb 2 007 a
1 4 Aug 1 9 9 5
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1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Senegal
Serbia 5
2 5 Oct 1 9 84
1 2 Mar 2 001 d
Sey chelles
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 6 Sep 1 9 9 1
Sierra Leone
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 2 Dec 1 9 9 4
Singapore
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 7 Nov 1 9 9 4
Slov akia 6
2 8 May 1 9 9 3
d
8 May 1 9 9 6
Solom on Islands
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 3 Jun 1 9 9 7
Som alia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 4 Jul 1 9 89
South Africa
5 Dec 1 9 84
2 3 Dec 1 9 9 7
Slov enia 5
1 6 Jun 1 9 9 5 d
Spain 1 0
4 Dec 1 9 84
1 5 Jan 1 9 9 7
Sri Lanka
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 9 Jul 1 9 9 4
St. Kitts and Nev is
7 Dec 1 9 84
7 Jan 1 9 9 3
St. Lucia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 7 Mar 1 9 85
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 Oct 1 9 9 3
Sudan
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 3 Jan 1 9 85
Surinam e
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
9 Jul 1 9 9 8
Swaziland
1 8 Jan 1 9 84
2 4 Sep 2 01 2
Sweden
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 5 Jun 1 9 9 6
Switzerland
1 7 Oct 1 9 84
1 May 2 009
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 5 May 2 01 1
Thailand
The form er Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
5
1 9 Aug 1 9 9 4 d
Tim or-Leste
8 Jan 2 01 3 a
Togo
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 6 Apr 1 9 85
Trinidad and Tobago
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 5 Apr 1 9 86
Tunisia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 4 Apr 1 9 85
Tuv alu
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
9 Dec 2 002
Uganda
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
9 Nov 1 9 9 0
Ukraine
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 6 Jul 1 9 9 9
United Arab Em irates
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Tonga
2 Aug 1 9 9 5 a
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland 1 1
2 5 Jul 1 9 9 7 a
United Republic of Tanzania
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
3 0 Sep 1 9 85
Uruguay
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 0 Dec 1 9 9 2
Vanuatu
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 0 Aug 1 9 9 9
Viet Nam
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 5 Jul 1 9 9 4
Yem en 1 2
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 1 Jul 1 9 87
Zam bia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
7 Mar 1 9 83
Zim babwe
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 4 Feb 1 9 9 3
Declarations and Reservations
(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations and reservationjs were made upon ratification, formal
confirmation, accession or succession.)
A l ger i a
Upon s ignature:
It is t h e v iew of t h e Gov er n m en t of A lg er ia t h a t it s sig n in g t h e Fin a l A ct a n d t h e Un it ed Na t ion s
Con v en t ion on t h e La w of t h e Sea does n ot en t a il a n y ch a n g e in it s posit ion on t h e n on -r ecog n it ion of cer t a in
ot h er sig n a t or ies, n or a n y oblig a t ion t o co-oper a t e in a n y field w h a t soev er w it h t h ose sig n a t or ies.
Upon ratification:
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T h e People's Dem ocr a t ic Repu blic of A lg er ia does n ot con sider it self bou n d by t h e pr ov ision s of a r t icle
2 8 7 , pa r a g r a ph 1 (b), of t h e [sa id Con v en t ion ] dea lin g w it h t h e su bm ission of dispu t es t o t h e In t er n a t ion a l
Cou r t of Ju st ice.
T h e People's Dem ocr a t ic Repu blic of A lg er ia decla r es t h a t , in or der t o su bm it a dispu t e t o t h e
In t er n a t ion a l Cou r t of Ju st ice, pr ior a g r eem en t bet w een a ll t h e Pa r t ies con cer n ed is n ecessa r y in ea ch ca se.
T h e A lg er ia n Gov er n m en t decla r es t h a t , in con for m it y w it h t h e pr ov ision s of Pa r t II, Sect ion 3 ,
Su bsect ion s A a n d C of t h e Con v en t ion , t h e pa ssa g e of w a r sh ips in t h e t er r it or ia l sea of A lg er ia is su bject t o
a n a u t h or iza t ion fift een (1 5 ) da y s in a dv a n ce, ex cept in ca ses of force m ajeure a s pr ov ided for in t h e
Con v en t ion .
A n gol a
Upon s ignature:
"T h e Gov er n m en t of t h e People's Repu blic of A n g ola r eser v es t h e r ig h t t o in t er pr et a n y a n d a ll a r t icles of
t h e Con v en t ion in t h e con t ex t of a n d w it h du e r eg a r d t o A n g ola n Sov er eig n t y a n d t er r it or ia l in t eg r it y a s it
a pplies t o la n d, spa ce a n d sea . Det a ils of t h ese in t er pr et a t ion s w ill be pla ced on r ecor d a t t h e t im e of
r a t ifica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion .
T h e pr esen t sig n a t u r e is w it h ou t pr eju dice t o t h e posit ion t a k en by t h e Gov er n m en t of A n g ola or t o be
t a k en by it on t h e Con v en t ion a t t h e t im e of r a t ifica t ion ."
1 4 Oct ober 2 0 0 9
Declaration under article 287
“ T h e Gov er n m en t of A n g ola decla r es, u n der pa r a g r a ph 1 of a r t icle 2 8 7 of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Con v en t ion
on t h e La w of t h e Sea don e a t Mon t eg o Ba y on t h e t en t h da y of Decem ber on e t h ou sa n d n in e h u n dr ed a n d
eig h t y -t w o t h a t it ch ooses t h e In t er n a t ion a l T r ibu n a l for t h e La w of t h e Sea est a blish ed in a ccor da n ce w it h
A n n ex V I of t h e Con v en t ion a s t h e m ea n s for t h e set t lem en t of dispu t es con cer n in g t h e in t er pr et a t ion or
a pplica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion .”
Declaration under article 298
“ T h e Gov er n m en t of A n g ola fu r t h er decla r es, u n der pa r a g r a ph 1 (a ) of a r t icle 2 9 8 of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s
Con v en t ion on t h e La w of t h e Sea don e a t Mon t eg o Ba y on t h e t en t h da y of Decem ber on e t h ou sa n d n in e
h u n dr ed a n d eig h t y -t w o, t h a t it does n ot a ccept t h e pr ocedu r e pr ov ided for in a r t icle 2 8 7 , pa r a g r a ph 1 (c)
w it h r espect of dispu t es con cer n in g t h e in t er pr et a t ion or a pplica t ion of a r t icles 1 5 , 7 4 a n d 8 3 r ela t in g t o sea
bou n da r y delim it a t ion s a s w ell a s t h ose in v olv in g h ist or ic ba y s or t it les.”
A r gen t i n a 13
Upon s ignature:
T h e sig n in g of t h e Con v en t ion by t h e A r g en t in e Gov er n m en t does n ot im ply a ccept a n ce of t h e Fin a l A ct
of t h e T h ir d Un it ed Na t ion s Con fer en ce on t h e La w of t h e Sea . In t h a t r eg a r d, t h e A r g en t in e Repu blic, a s in
it s w r it t en st a t em en t of 8 Decem ber 1 9 8 2 (A /CONF.6 2 /W S/3 5 ), pla ces on r ecor d it s r eser v a t ion t o t h e effect
t h a t r esolu t ion III, in a n n ex I t o t h e fin a l A ct , in n o w a y a ffect s t h e "Qu est ion of t h e Fa lk la n d Isla n ds
(Ma lv in a s)", w h ich is g ov er n ed by t h e follow in g specific r esolu t ion s of t h e Gen er a l A ssem bly : 2 0 6 5 (X X ),
3 1 6 0 (X X V III), 3 1 /4 9 , 3 7 /9 a n d 3 8 /1 2 , a dopt ed w it h in t h e fr a m ew or k of t h e decolon iza t ion pr ocess.
In t h is con n ect ion , a n d bea r in g in m in d t h a t t h e Ma lv in a s a n d t h e Sou t h Sa n dw ich a n d Sou t h Geor g ia
Isla n ds for m a n in t eg r a l pa r t of A r g en t in e t er r it or y , t h e A r g en t in e Gov er n m en t decla r es t h a t it n eit h er
r ecog n izes n or w ill it r ecog n ize t h e t it le of a n y ot h er St a t e, com m u n it y or en t it y or t h e ex er cise by it of a n y
r ig h t of m a r it im e ju r isdict ion w h ich is cla im ed t o be pr ot ect ed u n der a n y in t er pr et a t ion of r esolu t ion III t h a t
v iola t es t h e r ig h t s of A r g en t in a ov er t h e Ma lv in a s a n d t h e Sou t h Sa n dw ich a n d Sou t h Geor g ia Isla n ds a n d
t h eir r espect iv e m a r it im e zon es. Con sequ en t ly , it lik ew ise n eit h er r ecog n izes n or w ill r ecog n ize a n d w ill
con sider n u ll a n d v oid a n y a ct iv it y or m ea su r e t h a t m a y be ca r r ied ou t or a dopt ed w it h ou t it s con sen t w it h
r eg a r d t o t h is qu est ion , w h ich t h e A r g en t in e Gov er n m en t con sider s t o be of m a jor im por t a n ce.
T h e A r g en t in e Gov er n m en t w ill a ccor din g ly in t er pr et t h e occu r r en ce of a ct s of t h e k in d r efer r ed t o
a bov e a s con t r a r y t o t h e a for em en t ion ed r esolu t ion s a dopt ed by t h e Un it ed Na t ion s, t h e pa t en t object iv e of
w h ich is t h e pea cefu l set t lem en t of t h e sov er eig n t y dispu t e con cer n in g t h e isla n ds by m ea n s of bila t er a l
n eg ot ia t ion s a n d t h r ou g h t h e g ood offices of t h e
Secr et a r y -Gen er a l of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s.
Fu r t h er m or e, it is t h e u n der st a n din g of t h e A r g en t in e Repu blic t h a t , w h er es t h e Fin a l A ct st a t es in
pa r a g r a ph 4 2 t h a t t h e Con v en t ion "t og et h er w it h r esolu t ion s I t o IV , [for m s] a n in t eg r a l w h ole", it is m er ely
descr ibin g t h e pr ocedu r e t h a t w a s follow ed a t t h e Con fer en ce t o a v oid a ser ies of sepa r a t e v ot es on t h e
Con v en t ion a n d t h e r esolu t ion s. T h e Con v en t ion it self clea r ly est a blish es in a r t icle 3 1 8 t h a t on ly t h e
A n n ex es for m a n in t eg r a l pa r t of t h e Con v en t ion ; t h u s, a n y ot h er in st r u m en t or docu m en t , ev en on e
a dopt ed by t h e Con fer en ce, does n ot for m a n in t eg r a l pa r t of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Con v en t ion on t h e La w of
t h e Sea .
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Upon ratification:
(a ) W it h r eg a r d t o t h ose pr ov ision s of t h e Con v en t ion w h ich dea l w it h in n ocen t pa ssa g e t h r ou g h t h e
t er r it or ia l sea , it is t h e in t en t ion of t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e A r g en t in e Repu blic t o con t in u e t o a pply t h e
r eg im e cu r r en t ly in for ce t o t h e pa ssa g e of for eig n w a r sh ips t h r ou g h t h e A r g en t in e t er r it or ia l sea , sin ce t h a t
r eg im e is t ot a lly com pa t ible w it h t h e pr ov ision s of t h e Con v en t ion .
(b) W it h r eg a r d t o Pa r t III of t h e Con v en t ion , t h e A r g en t in e Gov er n m en t decla r es t h a t in t h e T r ea t y of
Pea ce a n d Fr ien dsh ip sig n ed w it h t h e Repu blic of Ch ile on 2 9 Nov em ber 1 9 8 4 , w h ich en t er ed in t o for ce on 2
Ma y 1 9 8 5 a n d w a s r eg ist er ed w it h t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Secr et a r ia t in a ccor da n ce w it h A r t icle 1 0 2 of t h e
Ch a r t er of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s, bot h St a t es r ea ffir m ed t h e v a lidit y of a r t icle V of t h e Bou n da r y T r ea t y of
1 8 8 1 w h er eby t h e St r a it of Ma g ella n (Est r ech o de Ma g a lla n es) is n eu t r a lized for ev er w it h fr ee n a v ig a t ion
a ssu r ed for t h e fla g s of a ll n a t ion s. T h e a for em en t ion ed T r ea t y of Pea ce a n d Fr ien dsh ip in clu des r eg u la t ion s
for v essels fly in g t h e fla g s of t h ir d cou n t r ies in t h e Bea g le Ch a n n el a n d ot h er st r a it s a n d ch a n n els of t h e
T ier r a del Fu eg o a r ch ipela g o.
(c) T h e A r g en t in e Repu blic a ccept s t h e pr ov ision s on t h e con ser v a t ion a n d m a n a g em en t of t h e liv in g
r esou r ces of t h e h ig h sea s, bu t con sider s t h a t t h ey a r e in su fficien t , pa r t icu la r ly t h e pr ov ision s r ela t in g t o
st r a ddlin g fish st ock s or h ig h ly m ig r a t or y fish st ock s, a n d t h a t t h ey sh ou ld be su pplem en t ed by a n effect iv e
a n d bin din g m u lt ila t er a l r eg im e w h ich , inter alia , w ou ld fa cilit a t e cooper a t ion t o pr ev en t a n d a v oid ov er fish in g , a n d w ou ld per m it t h e m on it or in g of t h e a ct iv it ies of fish in g v essels on t h e h ig h sea s a n d of t h e u se of
fish in g m et h ods a n d g ea r .
T h e A r g en t in e Gov er n m en t , bea r in g in m in d it s pr ior it y in t er est in con ser v in g t h e r esou r ces of it s
ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e a n d t h e a r ea of t h e h ig h sea s a dja cen t t h er et o, con sider s t h a t , in a ccor da n ce w it h
t h e pr ov ision s of t h e Con v en t ion , w h er e t h e sa m e st ock or st ock s of a ssocia t ed species occu r bot h w it h in t h e
ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e a n d in t h e a r ea of t h e h ig h sea s a dja cen t t h er et o, t h e A r g en t in e Repu blic, a s t h e
coa st a l St a t e, a n d ot h er St a t es fish in g for su ch st ock s in t h e a r ea a dja cen t t o it s ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e
sh ou ld a g r ee u pon t h e m ea su r es n ecessa r y for t h e con ser v a t ion of t h ose st ock s or st ock s of a ssocia t ed species
in t h e h ig h s sea s.
In depen den t ly of t h is, it is t h e u n der st a n din g of t h e A r g en t in e Gov er n m en t , t h a t in or der t o com ply
w it h t h e oblig a t ion la id dow n in t h e Con v en t ion con cer n in g t h e con ser v a t ion of t h e liv in g r esou r ces in it s
ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e a n d t h e a r ea a dja cen t t h er et o, it is a u t h or ized t o a dopt , in a ccor da n ce w it h
in t er n a t ion a l la w , a ll t h e m ea su r es it m a y deem n ecessa r y for t h e pu r pose.
(d) T h e r a t ifica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion by t h e A r g en t in e Repu blic does n ot im ply a ccept a n ce of t h e Fin a l
A ct of t h e T h ir d Un it ed Na t ion s Con fer en ce on t h e La w of t h e Sea . In t h a t r eg a r d, t h e A r g en t in e Repu blic, a s
in it s w r it t en st a t em en t of 8 Decem ber 1 9 8 2 (A /CONF.6 2 /W S/3 5 ), pla ces on r ecor d it s r eser v a t ion t o t h e
effect t h a t r esolu t ion III, in a n n ex I t o t h e Fin a l A ct , in n o w a y a ffect s t h e "Qu est ion of t h e Fa lk la n d Isla n ds
(Ma lv in a s)", w h ich is g ov er n ed by t h e follow in g specific r esolu t ion s of t h e Gen er a l A ssem bly : 2 0 6 5 (X X ),
3 1 6 0 (X X V III), 3 1 /4 9 , 3 7 /9 , 3 8 /1 2 , 3 9 /6 , 4 0 /2 1 , 4 1 /4 0 , 4 2 /1 9 , 4 3 /2 5 , 4 4 /4 0 6 , 4 5 /4 2 4 , 4 6 /4 0 6 , 4 7 /4 0 8
a n d 4 8 /4 0 8 , a dopt ed w it h in t h e fr a m ew or k of t h e decolon iza t ion pr ocess. [See paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of the
declaration m ade upon s ignature above.]
T h e A r g en t in e Repu blic r ea ffir m s it s leg it im a t e a n d in a lien a ble sov er eig n t y ov er t h e Ma lv in a s a n d t h e
Sou t h Sa n dw ich Isla n ds a n d t h eir r espect iv e m a r it im e a n d isla n d zon es, w h ich for m a n in t eg r a l pa r t of it s
n a t ion a l t er r it or y . T h e r ecov er y of t h ose t er r it or ies a n d t h e fu ll ex er cise of sov er eig n t y , r espect in g t h e w a y
of life of t h e in h a bit a n t s of t h e t er r it or ies a n d in a ccor da n ce w it h t h e pr in ciples of in t er n a t ion a l la w ,
con st it u t e a per m a n en t object iv e of t h e A r g en t in e people t h a t ca n n ot be r en ou n ced.
Fu r t h er m or e, it is t h e u n der st a n din g of t h e A r g en t in e Repu blic t h a t t h e Fin a l A ct , in r efer r in g in
pa r a g r a ph 4 2 t o t h e Con v en t ion t og et h er w it h r esolu t ion s I t o IV a s for m in g a n in t eg r a l w h ole, is m er ely
descr ibin g t h e pr ocedu r e t h a t w a s follow ed a t t h e Con fer en ce t o a v oid a ser ies of sepa r a t e v ot es on t h e
Con v en t ion a n d t h e r esolu t ion s. T h e Con v en t ion it self clea r ly est a blish es in a r t icle 3 1 8 t h a t on ly t h e
A n n ex es for m a n in t eg r a l pa r t of t h e Con v en t ion ; t h u s, a n y ot h er in st r u m en t or docu m en t , ev en on e
a dopt ed by t h e Con fer en ce, does n ot for m a n in t eg r a l pa r t of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Con v en t ion on t h e La w of
t h e Sea .
(e) T h e A r g en t in e Repu blic fu lly r espect s t h e r ig h t of fr ee n a v ig a t ion a s em bodied in t h e Con v en t ion ,
h ow ev er , it con sider s t h a t t h e t r a n sit by sea of v essels ca r r y in g h ig h ly r a dioa ct iv e su bst a n ces m u st be du ly
r eg u la t ed.
T h e A r g en t in e Gov er n m en t a ccept s t h e pr ov ision s on pr ev en t ion of pollu t ion of t h e m a r in e en v ir on m en t
con t a in ed in Pa r t X II of t h e Con v en t ion , bu t con sider s t h a t , in t h e lig h t of ev en t s su bsequ en t t o t h e a dopt ion
of t h a t in t er n a t ion a l in st r u m en t , t h e m ea su r es t o pr ev en t , con t r ol a n d m in im ize t h e effect s of t h e pollu t ion
of t h e sea by n ox iou s a n d pot en t ia lly da n g er ou s su bst a n ces a n d h ig h ly a ct iv e r a dioa ct iv e su bst a n ces m u st
be su pplem en t ed a n d r ein for ced.
(f) In a ccor da n ce w it h t h e pr ov ision s of a r t icle 2 8 7 , t h e A r g en t in e Gov er n m en t decla r es t h a t it a ccept s,
in or der of pr efer en ce, t h e follow in g m ea n s for t h e set t lem en t of dispu t es con cer n in g t h e in t er pr et a t ion or
a pplica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion : (a ) t h e In t er n a t ion a l T r ibu n a l for t h e La w of t h e Sea ; (b) a n a r bit r a l t r ibu n a l
con st it u t ed in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V III for qu est ion s r ela t in g t o fish er ies, pr ot ect ion a n d pr eser v a t ion of
t h e m a r in e en v ir on m en t , m a r in e scien t ific r esea r ch , a n d n a v ig a t ion , in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V III, a r t icle
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t h e m a r in e en v ir on m en t , m a r in e scien t ific r esea r ch , a n d n a v ig a t ion , in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V III, a r t icle
1.
A u st r a l i a
2 2 Ma r ch 2 0 0 2
Declaration under articles 287 and 298:
"T h e Gov er n m en t of A u st r a lia decla r es, u n der pa r a g r a ph 1 of a r t icle 2 8 7 of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s
Con v en t ion on t h e La w of t h e Sea don e a t Mon t eg o Ba y on t h e t en t h da y of Decem ber on e t h ou sa n d n in e
h u n dr ed a n d eig h t y -t w o t h a t it ch ooses t h e follow in g m ea n s for t h e set t lem en t of dispu t es con cer n in g t h e
in t er pr et a t ion or a pplica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion , w it h ou t specify in g t h a t on e h a s pr eceden ce ov er t h e ot h er :
(a ) t h e In t er n a t ion a l T r ibu n a l for t h e La w of t h e Sea est a blish ed in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V I of t h e
Con v en t ion ; a n d
(b) t h e In t er n a t ion a l Cou r t of Ju st ice.
T h e Gov er n m en t of A u st r a lia fu r t h er decla r es, u n der pa r a g r a ph 1 (a ) of a r t icle 2 9 8 of t h e Un it ed
Na t ion s Con v en t ion on t h e La w of t h e Sea don e a t Mon t eg o Ba y on t h e t en t h da y of Decem ber on e t h ou sa n d
n in e h u n dr ed a n d eig h t y -t w o, t h a t it does n ot a ccept a n y of t h e pr ocedu r es pr ov ided for in sect ion 2 of Pa r t
X V (in clu din g t h e pr ocedu r es r efer r ed t o in pa r a g r a ph s (a ) a n d (b) of t h is decla r a t ion ) w it h r espect t o
dispu t es con cer n in g t h e in t er pr et a t ion or a pplica t ion of a r t icles 1 5 , 7 4 a n d 8 3 r ela t in g t o sea bou n da r y
delim it a t ion s a s w ell a s t h ose in v olv in g h ist or ic ba y s or t it les.
T h ese decla r a t ion s by t h e Gov er n m en t of A u st r a lia a r e effect iv e im m edia t ely ."
A u st r i a
Declarations :
"In t h e a bsen ce of a n y ot h er pea cefu l m ea n s t o w h ich it w ou ld g iv e pr efer en ce t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e
Repu blic of A u st r ia h er eby ch ooses on e of t h e follow in g m ea n s for t h e set t lem en t of dispu t es con cer n in g t h e
in t er pr et a t ion or a pplica t ion of t h e t w o Con v en t ion s in a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 2 8 7 of t h e [sa id Con v en t ion ],
in t h e follow in g or der :
1 . T h e in t er n a t ion a l T r ibu n a l for t h e La w of t h e Sea est a blish ed in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V I;
2 . A specia l a r bit r a l t r ibu n a l con st it u t ed in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V III;
3 . T h e In t er n a t ion a l Cou r t of Ju st ice.
A lso in t h e a bsen ce of a n y ot h er pea cefu l m ea n s, t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Repu blic of A u st r ia h er eby
r ecog n izes a s of t oda y t h e v a lidit y of specia l a r bit r a t ion for a n y dispu t e con cer n in g t h e in t er pr et a t ion or
a pplica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion on t h e La w of t h e Sea r ela t in g t o fish er ies, pr ot ect ion a n d pr eser v a t ion of t h e
m a r in e en v ir on m en t , m a r in e scien t ific r esea r ch a n d n a v ig a t ion , in clu din g pollu t ion fr om v essels a n d by
du m pin g ."
Ba n gl a desh
Declarations :
"1 . T h e Gov er n m en t of t h e People's Repu blic of Ba n g la desh u n der st a n ds t h a t t h e pr ov ision s of t h e
Con v en t ion do n ot a u t h or ise ot h er St a t es t o ca r r y ou t in t h e ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e a n d on t h e con t in en t a l
sh elf m ilit a r y ex er cise or m a n oeu v r es, in pa r t icu la r , t h ose in v olv in g t h e u se of w ea pon s or ex plosiv es,
w it h ou t t h e con sen t of t h e coa st a l St a t e.
2 . T h e Ba n g la desh Gov er n m en t is n ot bou n d by a n y dom est ic leg isla t ion or by a n y decla r a t ion issu ed by
ot h er St a t es u pon sig n a t u r e or r a t ifica t ion of t h is Con v en t ion . Ba n g la desh r eser v es t h e r ig h t t o st a t e it s
posit ion con cer n in g a ll su ch leg isla t ion or decla r a t ion s a t t h e a ppr opr ia t e t im e. In pa r t icu la r , Ba n g la desh
r a t ifica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion in n o w a y con st it u t es r ecog n it ion of t h e m a r it im e cla im s of a n y ot h er St a t e
h a v in g sig n ed or r a t ified t h e Con v en t ion , w h er e su ch cla im s a r e in con sist en t w it h t h e r elev a n t pr in ciples of
in t er n a t ion a l la w a n d w h ich a r e pr eju dicia l t o t h e sov er eig n r ig h t s a n d ju r isdict ion of Ba n g la desh in it s
m a r it im e a r ea s.
3 . T h e ex er cise of t h e r ig h t of in n ocen t pa ssa g e of w a r sh ips t h r ou g h t h e t er r it or ia l sea of ot h er St a t es
sh ou ld a lso be per ceiv ed t o be a pea cefu l on e. Effect iv e a n d speedy m ea n s of com m u n ica t ion a r e ea sily
a v a ila ble a n d m a k e t h e pr ior n ot ifica t ion of t h e ex er cise of t h e r ig h t of in n ocen t pa ssa g e of w a r sh ips
r ea son a ble a n d n ot in com pa t ible w it h t h e Con v en t ion . Su ch n ot ifica t ion is a lr ea dy r equ ir ed by som e St a t es.
Ba n g la desh r eser v es t h e r ig h t t o leg isla t e on t h is poin t .
4 . Ba n g la desh is of t h e v iew t h a t su ch a n ot ifica t ion r equ ir em en t is n eeded in r espect of n u clea r -pow er ed
sh ips or sh ips ca r r y in g n u clea r or ot h er in h er en t ly da n g er ou s or n ox iou s su bst a n ces. Fu r t h er m or e, n o su ch
sh ips sh a ll be a llow ed w it h in Ba n g la desh w a t er s w it h ou t t h e n ecessa r y a u t h or isa t ion .
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5 . Ba n g la desh is of t h e v iew t h a t t h e sov er eig n im m u n it y a s en v isa g ed in a r t icle 2 3 6 does n ot r eliev e a
St a t e fr om t h e oblig a t ion , m or a l or ot h er w ise, in a ccept in g r espon sibilit y a n d lia bilit y for com pen sa t ion a n d
r elief in r espect of da m a g e ca u sed by pollu t ion of t h e m a r in e en v ir on m en t by a n y w a r sh ip, n a v a l a u x ilia r y ,
ot h er v essels or a ir cr a ft ow n ed or oper a t ed by t h e St a t e a n d u sed on g ov er n m en t n on -com m er cia l ser v ice.
6 . Ra t ifica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion by Ba n g la desh does n ot ipso fa ct o im ply r ecog n it ion or a ccept a n ce of
a n y t er r it or ia l cla im m a de by a St a t e pa r t y t o t h e Con v en t ion , n or a u t om a t ic r ecog n it ion of a n y la n d or sea
bor der .
7 . T h e Ba n g la desh Gov er n m en t does n ot con sider it self bou n d by a n y of t h e decla r a t ion s or st a t em en t s,
h ow ev er ph r a sed or n a m ed, m a de by ot h er St a t es w h en sig n in g , a ccept in g , r a t ify in g or a ccedin g t o t h e
Con v en t ion a n d t h a t it r eser v es t h e r ig h t t o st a t e it s posit ion on a n y of t h ose decla r a t ion s or st a t em en t s a t
a n y t im e.
8 . T h e Ba n g la desh Gov er n m en t decla r es, w it h ou t pr eju dice t o a r t icle 3 0 3 of t h e Con v en t ion on t h e La w
of t h e Sea , t h a t a n y object s of a n a r ch a eolog ica l a n d h ist or ica l n a t u r e fou n d w it h in t h e m a r in e a r ea s ov er
w h ich it ex er cises sov er eig n t y or ju r isdict ion sh a ll n ot be r em ov ed, w it h ou t it s pr ior n ot ifica t ion a n d
con sen t .
9 . T h e Gov er n m en t of Ba n g la desh sh a ll, a t a n a ppr opr ia t e t im e, m a k e decla r a t ion s pr ov ided for in
a r t icles 2 8 7 a n d 2 9 8 r ela t in g t o t h e set t lem en t of dispu t es.
1 0 . T h e Gov er n m en t of Ba n g la desh in t en ds t o u n der t a k e a com pr eh en siv e r ev iew of ex ist in g dom est ic
la w s a n d r eg u la t ion s w it h a v iew t o h a r m on izin g t h em w it h t h e pr ov ision s of t h e Con v en t ion ."
1 4 Decem ber 2 0 0 9
Declaration relating to Article 287 w ith res pect to India:
“ Pu r su a n t t o A r t icle 2 8 7 , pa r a g r a ph 1 of t h e 1 9 8 2 Un it ed Na t ion s Con v en t ion on t h e La w of t h e Sea , t h e
Gov er n m en t of t h e People’s Repu blic of Ba n g la desh decla r es t h a t it a ccept s t h e ju r isdict ion of t h e
In t er n a t ion a l T r ibu n a l for t h e La w of t h e Sea for t h e set t lem en t of dispu t e bet w een t h e People’s Repu blic of
Ba n g la desh a n d t h e Repu blic of In dia r ela t in g t o t h e delim it a t ion of t h eir m a r it im e bou n da r y in t h e Ba y of
Ben g a l.”
Declaration relating to Article 287 w ith res pect to Myanm ar:
“ Pu r su a n t t o A r t icle 2 8 7 , pa r a g r a ph 1 of t h e 1 9 8 2 Un it ed Na t ion s Con v en t ion on t h e La w of t h e Sea , t h e
Gov er n m en t of t h e People’s Repu blic of Ba n g la desh decla r es t h a t it a ccept s t h e ju r isdict ion of t h e
In t er n a t ion a l T r ibu n a l for t h e La w of t h e Sea for t h e set t lem en t of dispu t e bet w een t h e People’s Repu blic of
Ba n g la desh a n d t h e Un ion of My a n m a r r ela t in g t o t h e delim it a t ion of t h eir m a r it im e bou n da r y in t h e Ba y of
Ben g a l.”
Bel a r u s
Upon s ignature:
1 . T h e By elor u ssia n Sov iet Socia list Repu blic decla r es t h a t , in a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 2 8 7 of t h e Un it ed
Na t ion s Con v en t ion on t h e La w of t h e Sea , it a ccept s, a s t h e ba sic m ea n s for t h e set t lem en t of dispu t es
con cer n in g t h e in t er pr et a t ion or a pplica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion , a n a r bit r a l t r ibu n a l con st it u t ed in
a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V II. For t h e con sider a t ion of qu est ion s r ela t in g t o fish er ies, t h e pr ot ect ion a n d
pr eser v a t ion of t h e m a r in e en v ir on m en t , m a r in e scien t ific r esea r ch a n d n a v ig a t ion , in clu din g pollu t ion
fr om v essels a n d by du m pin g , t h e By elor u ssia n Sov iet Socia list Repu blic ch ooses a specia l a r bit r a l t r ibu n a l
con st it u t ed in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V III. T h e By elor u ssia n Sov iet Socia list Repu blic r ecog n izes t h e
com pet en ce of t h e In t er n a t ion a l T r ibu n a l for t h e La w of t h e Sea in r ela t ion t o qu est ion s of t h e pr om pt r elea se
of det a in ed v essels or t h eir cr ew s, a s en v isa g ed in a r t icle 2 9 2 .
2 . T h e By elor u ssia n Sov iet Socia list Repu blic decla r es t h a t , in a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 2 9 8 of t h e
Con v en t ion , it does n ot a ccept com pu lsor y pr ocedu r es en t a ilin g bin din g decision s in t h e con sider a t ion of
dispu t es con cer n ed w it h t h e delim it a t ion of m a r in e lim it s, dispu t es r ela t in g t o m ilit a r y a ct iv it y a n d
dispu t es in r ela t ion t o w h ich t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Secu r it y Cou n cil per for m s fu n ct ion s en t r u st ed t o it u n der
t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Ch a r t er .
Upon ratification:
1 . In a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 2 8 7 of t h e Con v en t ion , t h e Repu blic of Bela r u s a ccept s a s t h e ba sic m ea n s
for t h e set t lem en t of dispu t es con cer n in g t h e in t er pr et a t ion or a pplica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion a n a r bit r a l
t r ibu n a l con st it u t ed in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V II. For t h e set t lem en t of dispu t es con cer n in g fish er ies,
pr ot ect ion a n d pr eser v a t ion of t h e m a r in e en v ir on m en t , m a r in e scien t ific r esea r ch or n a v ig a t ion , in clu din g
pollu t ion fr om v essels a n d by du m pin g , t h e Repu blic of Bela r u s w ill u se a specia l a r bit r a l t r ibu n a l
con st it u t ed in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V III. T h e Repu blic of Bela r u secog n izes t h e ju r isdict ion of t h e
In t er n a t ion a l T r ibu n a l for t h e La w of t h e Sea ov er qu est ion s con cer n in g t h e pr om pt r elea se of det a in ed
v essels or t h eir cr ew s, a s en v isa g ed in a r t icle 2 9 2 of t h e Con v en t ion ; 2 . In a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 2 9 8 of t h e
Con v en t ion , t h e Repu blic of Bela r u s does n ot a ccept com pu lsor y pr ocedu r es en t a ilin g bin din g decision s for
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Con v en t ion , t h e Repu blic of Bela r u s does n ot a ccept com pu lsor y pr ocedu r es en t a ilin g bin din g decision s for
t h e con sider a t ion of dispu t es con cer n in g m ilit a r y a ct iv it ies, in clu din g by g ov er n m en t v essels a n d a ir cr a ft
en g a g ed in n on -com m er cia l ser v ice, or dispu t es con cer n in g la w en for cem en t a ct iv it ies in r eg a r d t o t h e
ex er cise of sov er eig n r ig h t s or ju r isdict ion , or dispu t es in r espect of w h ich t h e Secu r it y Cou n cil of t h e Un it ed
Na t ion s is ex er cisin g t h e fu n ct ion s a ssig n ed t o it by t h e Ch a r t er of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s.
Bel gi u m
Upon s ignature:
T h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Kin g dom of Belg iu m h a s decided t o sig n t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Con v en t ion on t h e
La w of t h e Sea beca u se t h e Con v en t ion h a s a v er y la r g e n u m ber of posit iv e fea t u r es a n d a ch iev es a
com pr om ise on t h em w h ich is a ccept a ble t o m ost St a t es. Nev er t h eless, w it h r eg a r d t o t h e st a t u s of m a r it im e
spa ce, it r eg r et s t h a t t h e con cept of equ it y , a dopt ed for t h e delim it a t ion of t h e con t in en t a l sh elf a n d t h e
ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e, w a s n ot a pplied a g a in in t h e pr ov ision s for delim it in g t h e t er r it or ia l sea . It
w elcom es, h ow ev er , t h e dist in ct ion s est a blish ed by t h e Con v en t ion bet w een t h e n a t u r e of t h e r ig h t s w h ich
r ipa r ia n St a t es ex er cise ov er t h eir t er r it or ia l sea , on t h e on e h a n d, a n d ov er t h e con t in en t a l sh elf a n d t h eir
ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e, on t h e ot h er .
It is com m on k n ow ledg e t h a t t h e Belg ia n Gov er n m en t ca n n ot decla r e it self a lso sa t isfied w it h cer t a in
pr ov ision s of t h e in t er n a t ion a l r ég im e of t h e sea -bed w h ich , t h ou g h ba sed on a pr in ciple t h a t it w ou ld n ot
t h in k of ch a llen g in g , seem s n ot t o h a v e ch osen t h e m ost su it a ble w a y of a ch iev in g t h e desir ed r esu lt a s
qu ick ly a n d su r ely a s possible, a t t h e r isk of jeopa r dizin g t h e su ccess of a g en er ou s u n der t a k in g w h ich
Belg iu m con sist en t ly en cou r a g es a n d su ppor t s. In deed, cer t a in pr ov ision s of Pa r t X I a n d of A n n ex es III a n d IV
a ppea r t o it t o be m a r r ed by ser iou s defect s a n d sh or t com in g s w h ich ex pla in w h y con sen su s w a s n ot r ea ch ed
on t h is t ex t a t t h e la st session of t h e T h ir d Un it ed Na t ion s Con fer en ce on t h e La w of t h e Sea , in New Y or k , in
A pr il 1 9 8 2 . T h ese sh or t com in g s a n d defect s con cer n in pa r t icu la r t h e r est r ict ion of a ccess t o t h e A r ea , t h e
lim it a t ion s on pr odu ct ion a n d cer t a in pr ocedu r es for t h e t r a n sfer of t ech n olog y , n ot t o m en t ion t h e
v ex a t iou s im plica t ion s of t h e cost a n d fin a n cin g of t h e fu t u r e In t er n a t ion a l Sea -Bed A u t h or it y a n d t h e fir st
m in e sit e of t h e En t er pr ise. T h e Belg ia n Gov er n m en t sin cer ely h opes t h a t t h ese sh or t com in g s a n d defect s
w ill in fa ct be r ect ified b t h e r u les, r eg u la t ion s a n d pr ocedu r es w h ich t h e Pr epa r a t or y Com m ission sh ou ld
dr a w u p w it h t h e t w ofold in t en t of fa cilit a t in g a ccept a n ce of t h e n ew r ég im e by t h e w h ole in t er n a t ion a l
com m u n it y a n d en a blin g t h e com m on h er it a g e of m a n k in d t o be pr oper ly ex ploit ed for t h e ben efit of a ll a n d,
pr efer a bly , for t h e ben efit of t h e lea st fa v ou r ed cou n t r ies. T h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Kin g dom of Belg iu m is n ot
a lon e in t h in k in g t h a t t h e su ccess of t h is n ew r ég im e, t h e effect iv e est a blish m en t of t h e In t er n a t ion a l Sea Bed A u t h or it y a n d t h e econ om ic v ia bilit y of t h e En t er pr ise w ill depen d t o a la r g e ex t en t on t h e qu a lit y a n d
ser iou sn ess of t h e Pr epa r a t or y Com m ission 's w or k : it t h er efor e con sider s t h a t a ll decision s of t h e Com m ission
sh ou ld be a dopt ed by con sen su s, t h a t bein g t h e on ly w a y of pr ot ect in g t h e leg it im a t e in t er est s of a ll.
A s t h e r epr esen t a t iv es of Fr a n ce a n d t h e Net h er la n ds poin t ed ou t t w o y ea r s a g o, t h e Belg ia n Gov er n m en t
w ish es t o m a k e it a bu n da n t ly clea r t h a t , n ot w it h st a n din g it s decision t o sig n t h e Con v en t ion t oda y , t h e
Kin g dom of Belg iu m is n ot h er e a n d n ow det er m in ed t o r a t ify it . It w ill t a k e a sepa r a t e decision on t h is poin t
a t a la t er da t e, w h ich w ill t a k e a ccou n t of w h a t t h e Pr epa r a t or y Com m ission h a s a ccom plish ed t o m a k e t h e
in t er n a t ion a l r ég im e of t h e sea -bed a ccept a ble t o a ll, focu sin g m a in ly on t h e qu est ion s t o w h ich a t t en t ion
h a s been dr a w n a bov e.
T h e Belg ia n Gov er n m en t a lso w ish es t o r eca ll t h a t Belg iu m is a m em ber of t h e Eu r opea n Econ om ic
Com m u n it y , t o w h ich it h a s t r a n sfer r ed pow er s in cer t a in a r ea s cov er ed by t h e Con v en t ion ; det a iled
decla r a t ion s on t h e n a t u r e a n d ex t en t of t h e pow er s t r a n sfer r ed w ill be m a de in du e cou r se, in a ccor da n ce
w it h t h e pr ov ision s of A n n ex IX of t h e Con v en t ion .
It a lso w ish es t o dr a w a t t en t ion for m a lly t o sev er a l poin t s w h ich it con sider s pa r t icu la r ly cr u cia l. For
ex a m ple, it a t t a ch es g r ea t im por t a n ce t o t h e con dit ion s t o w h ich A r t icles 2 1 a n d 2 3 of t h e Con v en t ion
su bject t h e r ig h t of in n ocen t pa ssa g e t h r ou g h t h e t er r it a l sea , a n d it in t en ds t o en su r e t h a t t h e cr it er ia
pr escr ibed by t h e r elev a n t in t er n a t ion a l a g r eem en t s a r e st r ict ly a pplied, w h et h er t h e fla g St a t es a r e pa r t ies
t h er et o or n ot . T h e lim it a t ion of t h e br ea dt h of t h e t er r it or ia l sea , a s est a blish ed by A r t icle 3 of t h e
Con v en t ion , con fir m s a n d codifies a w idely obser v ed cu st om a r y pr a ct ice w h ich it is in cu m ben t on ev er y
St a t e t o r espect , a s it is t h e on ly on e a dm it t ed by in t er n a t ion a l la w : t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Kin g dom of
Belg iu m w ill n ot t h er efor e r ecog n ize, a s t er r it or ia l sea , w a t er s w h ich a r e, or m a y be, cla im ed t o be su ch
bey on d 1 2 n a u t ica l m iles m ea su r ed fr om ba selin es det er m in ed by t h e r ipa r ia n St a t e in a ccor da n ce w it h t h e
Con v en t ion . Ha v in g u n der lin ed t h e close lin k a g e w h ich it per ceiv es bet w een A r t icle 3 3 , pa r a g r a ph 1 (a ),
a n d A r t icle 2 7 , pa r a g r a ph 2 , of t h e Con v en t ion , t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Kin g dom of Belg iu m in t en ds t o
r eser v e t h e r ig h t , in em er g en cies a n d especia lly in ca ses of bla t a n t v iola t ion , t o ex er cise t h e pow er s a ccor ded
t o t h e r ipa r ia n St a t e by t h e la t t er t ex t , w it h ou t n ot ify in g befor eh a n d a diplom a t ic a g en t or con su la r officer
of t h e fla g St a t e, on t h e u n der st a n din g t h a t su ch n ot ifica t ion sh a ll be g iv en a s soon a s it is ph y sica lly
possible. Fin a lly , ev er y on e w ill u n der st a n d t h a t t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Kin g dom of Belg iu m ch ooses t o
em ph a size t h ose pr ov ision s of t h e Con v en t ion w h ich en t it le it t o pr ot ect it self, bey on d t h e lim it of t h e
t er r it or ia l sea , a g a in st a n y t h r ea t of pollu t ion a n d, a fortiori , a g a in st a n y ex ist in g pollu t ion r esu lt in g fr om
a n a cciden t a t sea , a s w ell a s t h ose pr ov ision s w h ich r ecog n ize t h e v a lidit y of r ig h t s a n d oblig a t ion s der iv in g
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a n a cciden t a t sea , a s w ell a s t h ose pr ov ision s w h ich r ecog n ize t h e v a lidit y of r ig h t s a n d oblig a t ion s der iv in g
fr om specific con v en t ion s a n d a g r eem en t s con clu ded pr ev iou sly or w h ich m a y be con clu ded su bsequ en t ly in
fu r t h er a n ce of t h e g en er a l pr in ciples set for t h in t h e Con v en t ion .
In t h e a bsen ce of a n y ot h er pea cefu l m ea n s t o w h ich it obv iou sly g iv es pr ior it y , t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e
Kin g dom of Belg iu m deem s it ex pedien t t o ch oose a lt er n a t iv ely , a n d in or der of pr efer en ce, a s A r t icle 2 8 7 of
t h e Con v en t ion lea v es it fr ee t o do, t h e follow in g m ea n s of set t lin g dispu t es con cer n in g t h e in t er pr et a t ion or
a pplica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion :
1 . a n a r bit r a l t r ibu n a l con st it u t ed in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V III;
2 . t h e In t er n a t ion a l T r ibu n a l for
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CHA PT ER XXI
LA W OF T HE SEA
6 . Un i t ed Na t i on s Con v en t i on on t h e La w of t h e Sea
Mon t eg o Ba y , 1 0 Decem ber 1 9 8 2
En t r y i n t o for ce : 1 6 Nov em ber 1 9 9 4 , in a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 3 0 8 (1 ).
Regi st r a t i on : 1 6 Nov em ber 1 9 9 4 , No. 3 1 3 6 3
St a t u s : Sig n a t or ies : 1 5 7 . Pa r t ies :. 1 6 6 1
T ext : Un it ed Na t ion s, Treaty Series , v ol. 1 8 3 3 , p. 3 ; deposit a r y n ot ifica t ion s
C.N.2 3 6 .1 9 8 4 .T REA T IES-7 of 5 Oct ober 1 9 8 4 (pr ocès-v er ba l of r ect ifica t ion of t h e
En g lish a n d Spa n ish a u t h en t ic t ex t s); C.N.2 0 2 .1 9 8 5 .T REA T IES-1 7 of 2 3 A u g u st 1 9 8 5
(pr ocès-v er ba l of r ect ifica t ion of t h e or ig in a l En g lish t ex t ); C.N.1 7 .1 9 8 6 .T REA T IES-1
of 7 A pr il 1 9 8 6 (pr ocès-v er ba l of r ect ifica t ion of t h e or ig in a l A r a bic, Ch in ese, En g lish ,
Fr en ch a n d Spa n ish t ex t s of t h e Fin a l A ct ); C.N.1 6 6 .1 9 9 3 .T REA T IES-4 of 9 A u g u st
1 9 9 3 (pr ocès-v er ba l of r ect ifica t ion of t h e or ig in a l A r a bic, Ch in ese, En g lish , Fr en ch
a n d Spa n ish t ex t s of t h e Fin a l A ct ); a n d v ol. 1 9 0 4 , p. 3 2 0 (pr ocès-v er ba l of
r ect ifica t ion of t h e or ig in a l Fr en ch t ex t ); C.N.6 9 4 .2 0 0 5 .T REA T IES-5 of 7 Sept em ber
2 0 0 5 (Pr oposa l of cor r ect ion t o A r t icle 5 of A n n ex II of t h e a u t h en t ic Spa n ish t ex t of
t h e Con v en t ion ) a n d C.N.1 0 2 3 .2 0 0 5 .T REA T IES-7 of 7 Oct ober 2 0 0 5 [pr ocès-v er ba l of
r ect ifica t ion of t h e or ig in a l of t h e Con v en t ion (Spa n ish a u t h en t ic t ex t )].
Not e : T h e Con v en t ion w a s a dopt ed by t h e T h ir d Un it ed Na t ion s Con fer en ce on t h e La w of
t h e Sea a n d open ed for sig n a t u r e, t og et h er w it h t h e Fin a l A ct of t h e Con fer en ce, a t
Mon t eg o Ba y , Ja m a ica , on 1 0 Decem ber 1 9 8 2 . T h e Con fer en ce w a s con v en ed
pu r su a n t t o r esolu t ion 3 0 6 7 (X X V III)2 a dopt ed by t h e Gen er a l A ssem bly on 1 6
Nov em ber 1 9 7 3 . T h e Con fer en ce h eld elev en session s, fr om 1 9 7 3 t o 1 9 8 2 , a s follow s:
- Fir st session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 3 t o 1 5 Decem ber 1 9 7 3 ;
- Secon d session : Pa r qu e Cen t r a l, Ca r a ca s, 2 0 Ju n e t o 2 9 A u g u st 1 9 7 4 ;
- T h ir d session : Un it ed Na t ion s Office a t Gen ev a , 1 7 Ma r ch t o 9 Ma y 1 9 7 5 ;
- Fou r t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 1 5 Ma r ch t o 7 Ma y 1 9 7 6 ;
- Fift h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 2 A u g u st t o 1 7 Sept em ber
197 6;
- Six t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 2 3 Ma y t o 1 5 Ju ly 1 9 7 7 ;
- Sev en t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Office a t Gen ev a , 2 8 Ma r ch t o 1 9 Ma y 1 9 7 8 ;
- Resu m ed sev en t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 2 1 A u g u st t o 1 5
Sept em ber 1 9 7 8 ;
- Eig h t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Office a t Gen ev a , 1 9 Ma r ch t o 2 7 A pr il 1 9 7 9 ;
- Resu m ed eig h t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 1 9 Ju ly t o 2 4
A u g u st 1 9 7 9 ;
- Nin t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 3 Ma r ch t o 4 A pr il 1 9 8 0 ;
- Resu m ed n in t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Office a t Gen ev a , 2 8 Ju ly t o 2 9 A u g u st
1 9 80;
- T en t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 9 Ma r ch t o 2 4 A pr il 1 9 8 1 ;
- Resu m ed t en t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Office a t Gen ev a , 3 t o 2 8 A u g u st 1 9 8 1 ;
- Elev en t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 8 Ma r ch t o 3 0 A pr il
1 982;
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1 982;
- Resu m ed elev en t h session : Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s, New Y or k , 2 2 t o 2 4
Sept em ber 1 9 8 2 ;
- Fin a l Pa r t of t h e elev en t h session : Mon t eg o Ba y , Ja m a ica , 6 t o 1 0 Decem ber 1 9 8 2 .
T h e Con fer en ce a lso a dopt ed a Fin a l A ct 3 w it h , a n n ex ed t h er et o, n in e r esolu t ion s a n d
a st a t em en t of u n der st a n din g . T h e t ex t of t h e Fin a l A ct h a s been r epr odu ced a s
docu m en t A /CONF.6 2 /1 2 1 a n d Cor r . 1 t o 8 .
Part icipant 4
Signat ure,
Succession t o Formal confirmat ion(c), Accession(a),
signat ure(d) Succession(d), Rat ificat ion
Afghanistan
1 8 Mar 1 9 83
Albania
2 3 Jun 2 003 a
Algeria
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 1 Jun 1 9 9 6
Angola
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
5 Dec 1 9 9 0
Antigua and Barbuda
7 Feb 1 9 83
2 Feb 1 9 89
Argentina
5 Oct 1 9 84
1 Dec 1 9 9 5
Arm enia
9 Dec 2 002 a
Australia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
5 Oct 1 9 9 4
Austria
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 4 Jul 1 9 9 5
Baham as
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 9 Jul 1 9 83
Bahrain
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
3 0 May 1 9 85
Bangladesh
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 7 Jul 2 001
Barbados
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 2 Oct 1 9 9 3
Belarus
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
3 0 Aug 2 006
Belgium
5 Dec 1 9 84
1 3 Nov 1 9 9 8
Belize
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 3 Aug 1 9 83
Benin
3 0 Aug 1 9 83
1 6 Oct 1 9 9 7
Bhutan
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Boliv ia (Plurinational State of)
2 7 Nov 1 9 84
Bosnia and Herzegov ina 5
2 8 Apr 1 9 9 5
1 2 Jan 1 9 9 4 d
Botswana
5 Dec 1 9 84
2 May 1 9 9 0
Brazil
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 2 Dec 1 9 88
Brunei Darussalam
5 Dec 1 9 84
5 Nov 1 9 9 6
Bulgaria
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 5 May 1 9 9 6
Burkina Faso
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 5 Jan 2 005
Burundi
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Cam bodia
1 Jul 1 9 83
Cam eroon
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 9 Nov 1 9 85
Canada
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
7 Nov 2 003
1 0 Aug 1 9 87
Cape Verde
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Central African Republic
4 Dec 1 9 84
Chad
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 4 Aug 2 009
Chile
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 5 Aug 1 9 9 7
China
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
7 Jun 1 9 9 6
Colom bia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Com oros
6 Dec 1 9 84
2 1 Jun 1 9 9 4
Congo
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
9 Jul 2 008
Cook Islands
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 5 Feb 1 9 9 5
Costa Rica
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 1 Sep 1 9 9 2
Côte d'Iv oire
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 6 Mar 1 9 84
Croatia 5
Cuba
5 Apr 1 9 9 5 d
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 5 Aug 1 9 84
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Cuba
Cy prus
UNTC
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 5 Aug 1 9 84
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 2 Dec 1 9 88
Czech Republic 6
2 2 Feb 1 9 9 3 d 2 1 Jun 1 9 9 6
Dem ocratic People's Republic of Korea
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Dem ocratic Republic of the Congo
2 2 Aug 1 9 83
1 7 Feb 1 9 89
Denm ark
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 6 Nov 2 004
Djibouti
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
8 Oct 1 9 9 1
Dom inica
2 8 Mar 1 9 83
2 4 Oct 1 9 9 1
Dom inican Republic
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 0 Jul 2 009
Egy pt
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 6 Aug 1 9 83
El Salv ador
5 Dec 1 9 84
Equatorial Guinea
3 0 Jan 1 9 84
Ecuador
2 4 Sep 2 01 2 a
Estonia
2 1 Jul 1 9 9 7
2 6 Aug 2 005 a
Ethiopia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
European Union
7 Dec 1 9 84
1 Apr 1 9 9 8 c
Fiji
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Finland
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 1 Jun 1 9 9 6
France
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 1 Apr 1 9 9 6
Gabon
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 1 Mar 1 9 9 8
Gam bia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 2 May 1 9 84
Georgia
2 1 Mar 1 9 9 6 a
Germ any 7
1 4 Oct 1 9 9 4 a
Ghana
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
7 Jun 1 9 83
Greece
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 1 Jul 1 9 9 5
Grenada
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 5 Apr 1 9 9 1
Guatem ala
8 Jul 1 9 83
1 1 Feb 1 9 9 7
Guinea
4 Oct 1 9 84
6 Sep 1 9 85
Guinea-Bissau
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 5 Aug 1 9 86
Guy ana
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 6 Nov 1 9 9 3
Haiti
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
3 1 Jul 1 9 9 6
Honduras
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
5 Oct 1 9 9 3
Hungary
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
5 Feb 2 002
Iceland
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 1 Jun 1 9 85
India
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 9 Jun 1 9 9 5
Indonesia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
3 Feb 1 9 86
Iran (Islam ic Republic of)
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Iraq
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
3 0 Jul 1 9 85
Ireland
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 1 Jun 1 9 9 6
Italy
7 Dec 1 9 84
1 3 Jan 1 9 9 5
Jam aica
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 1 Mar 1 9 83
Japan
7 Feb 1 9 83
2 0 Jun 1 9 9 6
Jordan
Keny a
2 7 Nov 1 9 9 5 a
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Kiribati
2 Mar 1 9 89
2 4 Feb 2 003 a
Kuwait
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 May 1 9 86
Lao People's Dem ocratic Republic
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
5 Jun 1 9 9 8
Latv ia
2 3 Dec 2 004 a
Lebanon
7 Dec 1 9 84
5 Jan 1 9 9 5
Lesotho
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
3 1 May 2 007
Liberia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 5 Sep 2 008
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Liberia
UNTC
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Liby a
3 Dec 1 9 84
Liechtenstein
3 0 Nov 1 9 84
Lithuania
2 5 Sep 2 008
1 2 Nov 2 003 a
Luxem bourg
5 Dec 1 9 84
5 Oct 2 000
Madagascar
2 5 Feb 1 9 83
2 2 Aug 2 001
Malawi
7 Dec 1 9 84
2 8 Sep 2 01 0
Malay sia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 4 Oct 1 9 9 6
Maldiv es
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
7 Sep 2 000
Mali
1 9 Oct 1 9 83
1 6 Jul 1 9 85
Malta
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 0 May 1 9 9 3
Mauritania
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 7 Jul 1 9 9 6
Mauritius
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
4 Nov 1 9 9 4
Mexico
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 8 Mar 1 9 83
Marshall Islands
9 Aug 1 9 9 1 a
Micronesia (Federated States of)
2 9 Apr 1 9 9 1 a
Monaco
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 0 Mar 1 9 9 6
Mongolia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 3 Aug 1 9 9 6
Montenegro 4
2 3 Oct 2 006 d
Morocco
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
3 1 May 2 007
Mozam bique
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 3 Mar 1 9 9 7
My anm ar
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 1 May 1 9 9 6
Nam ibia 8
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 8 Apr 1 9 83
Nauru
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 3 Jan 1 9 9 6
Nepal
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 Nov 1 9 9 8
Netherlands 9
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 8 Jun 1 9 9 6
New Zealand
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 9 Jul 1 9 9 6
Nicaragua
9 Dec 1 9 84
3 May 2 000
Niger
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
7 Aug 2 01 3
Nigeria
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 4 Aug 1 9 86
Niue
5 Dec 1 9 84
1 1 Oct 2 006
Norway
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 4 Jun 1 9 9 6
Om an
1 Jul 1 9 83
1 7 Aug 1 9 89
Pakistan
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 6 Feb 1 9 9 7
Palau
Panam a
3 0 Sep 1 9 9 6 a
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 Jul 1 9 9 6
Papua New Guinea
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 4 Jan 1 9 9 7
Paraguay
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 6 Sep 1 9 86
Philippines
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
8 May 1 9 84
Poland
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 3 Nov 1 9 9 8
Portugal
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
3 Nov 1 9 9 7
Qatar
2 7 Nov 1 9 84
9 Dec 2 002
Republic of Korea
1 4 Mar 1 9 83
2 9 Jan 1 9 9 6
Rom ania
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 7 Dec 1 9 9 6
Russian Federation
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 2 Mar 1 9 9 7
Rwanda
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Sam oa
2 8 Sep 1 9 84
Sao Tom e and Principe
1 3 Jul 1 9 83
3 Nov 1 9 87
Saudi Arabia
7 Dec 1 9 84
2 4 Apr 1 9 9 6
Senegal
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 5 Oct 1 9 84
Republic of Moldov a
6 Feb 2 007 a
1 4 Aug 1 9 9 5
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UNTC
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Senegal
Serbia 5
2 5 Oct 1 9 84
1 2 Mar 2 001 d
Sey chelles
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 6 Sep 1 9 9 1
Sierra Leone
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 2 Dec 1 9 9 4
Singapore
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 7 Nov 1 9 9 4
Slov akia 6
2 8 May 1 9 9 3
d
8 May 1 9 9 6
Solom on Islands
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 3 Jun 1 9 9 7
Som alia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 4 Jul 1 9 89
South Africa
5 Dec 1 9 84
2 3 Dec 1 9 9 7
Slov enia 5
1 6 Jun 1 9 9 5 d
Spain 1 0
4 Dec 1 9 84
1 5 Jan 1 9 9 7
Sri Lanka
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 9 Jul 1 9 9 4
St. Kitts and Nev is
7 Dec 1 9 84
7 Jan 1 9 9 3
St. Lucia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 7 Mar 1 9 85
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 Oct 1 9 9 3
Sudan
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 3 Jan 1 9 85
Surinam e
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
9 Jul 1 9 9 8
Swaziland
1 8 Jan 1 9 84
2 4 Sep 2 01 2
Sweden
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 5 Jun 1 9 9 6
Switzerland
1 7 Oct 1 9 84
1 May 2 009
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 5 May 2 01 1
Thailand
The form er Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
5
1 9 Aug 1 9 9 4 d
Tim or-Leste
8 Jan 2 01 3 a
Togo
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 6 Apr 1 9 85
Trinidad and Tobago
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 5 Apr 1 9 86
Tunisia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 4 Apr 1 9 85
Tuv alu
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
9 Dec 2 002
Uganda
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
9 Nov 1 9 9 0
Ukraine
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 6 Jul 1 9 9 9
United Arab Em irates
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
Tonga
2 Aug 1 9 9 5 a
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland 1 1
2 5 Jul 1 9 9 7 a
United Republic of Tanzania
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
3 0 Sep 1 9 85
Uruguay
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 0 Dec 1 9 9 2
Vanuatu
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
1 0 Aug 1 9 9 9
Viet Nam
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 5 Jul 1 9 9 4
Yem en 1 2
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 1 Jul 1 9 87
Zam bia
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
7 Mar 1 9 83
Zim babwe
1 0 Dec 1 9 82
2 4 Feb 1 9 9 3
Declarations and Reservations
(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations and reservationjs were made upon ratification, formal
confirmation, accession or succession.)
A l ger i a
Upon s ignature:
It is t h e v iew of t h e Gov er n m en t of A lg er ia t h a t it s sig n in g t h e Fin a l A ct a n d t h e Un it ed Na t ion s
Con v en t ion on t h e La w of t h e Sea does n ot en t a il a n y ch a n g e in it s posit ion on t h e n on -r ecog n it ion of cer t a in
ot h er sig n a t or ies, n or a n y oblig a t ion t o co-oper a t e in a n y field w h a t soev er w it h t h ose sig n a t or ies.
Upon ratification:
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UNTC
T h e People's Dem ocr a t ic Repu blic of A lg er ia does n ot con sider it self bou n d by t h e pr ov ision s of a r t icle
2 8 7 , pa r a g r a ph 1 (b), of t h e [sa id Con v en t ion ] dea lin g w it h t h e su bm ission of dispu t es t o t h e In t er n a t ion a l
Cou r t of Ju st ice.
T h e People's Dem ocr a t ic Repu blic of A lg er ia decla r es t h a t , in or der t o su bm it a dispu t e t o t h e
In t er n a t ion a l Cou r t of Ju st ice, pr ior a g r eem en t bet w een a ll t h e Pa r t ies con cer n ed is n ecessa r y in ea ch ca se.
T h e A lg er ia n Gov er n m en t decla r es t h a t , in con for m it y w it h t h e pr ov ision s of Pa r t II, Sect ion 3 ,
Su bsect ion s A a n d C of t h e Con v en t ion , t h e pa ssa g e of w a r sh ips in t h e t er r it or ia l sea of A lg er ia is su bject t o
a n a u t h or iza t ion fift een (1 5 ) da y s in a dv a n ce, ex cept in ca ses of force m ajeure a s pr ov ided for in t h e
Con v en t ion .
A n gol a
Upon s ignature:
"T h e Gov er n m en t of t h e People's Repu blic of A n g ola r eser v es t h e r ig h t t o in t er pr et a n y a n d a ll a r t icles of
t h e Con v en t ion in t h e con t ex t of a n d w it h du e r eg a r d t o A n g ola n Sov er eig n t y a n d t er r it or ia l in t eg r it y a s it
a pplies t o la n d, spa ce a n d sea . Det a ils of t h ese in t er pr et a t ion s w ill be pla ced on r ecor d a t t h e t im e of
r a t ifica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion .
T h e pr esen t sig n a t u r e is w it h ou t pr eju dice t o t h e posit ion t a k en by t h e Gov er n m en t of A n g ola or t o be
t a k en by it on t h e Con v en t ion a t t h e t im e of r a t ifica t ion ."
1 4 Oct ober 2 0 0 9
Declaration under article 287
“ T h e Gov er n m en t of A n g ola decla r es, u n der pa r a g r a ph 1 of a r t icle 2 8 7 of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Con v en t ion
on t h e La w of t h e Sea don e a t Mon t eg o Ba y on t h e t en t h da y of Decem ber on e t h ou sa n d n in e h u n dr ed a n d
eig h t y -t w o t h a t it ch ooses t h e In t er n a t ion a l T r ibu n a l for t h e La w of t h e Sea est a blish ed in a ccor da n ce w it h
A n n ex V I of t h e Con v en t ion a s t h e m ea n s for t h e set t lem en t of dispu t es con cer n in g t h e in t er pr et a t ion or
a pplica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion .”
Declaration under article 298
“ T h e Gov er n m en t of A n g ola fu r t h er decla r es, u n der pa r a g r a ph 1 (a ) of a r t icle 2 9 8 of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s
Con v en t ion on t h e La w of t h e Sea don e a t Mon t eg o Ba y on t h e t en t h da y of Decem ber on e t h ou sa n d n in e
h u n dr ed a n d eig h t y -t w o, t h a t it does n ot a ccept t h e pr ocedu r e pr ov ided for in a r t icle 2 8 7 , pa r a g r a ph 1 (c)
w it h r espect of dispu t es con cer n in g t h e in t er pr et a t ion or a pplica t ion of a r t icles 1 5 , 7 4 a n d 8 3 r ela t in g t o sea
bou n da r y delim it a t ion s a s w ell a s t h ose in v olv in g h ist or ic ba y s or t it les.”
A r gen t i n a 13
Upon s ignature:
T h e sig n in g of t h e Con v en t ion by t h e A r g en t in e Gov er n m en t does n ot im ply a ccept a n ce of t h e Fin a l A ct
of t h e T h ir d Un it ed Na t ion s Con fer en ce on t h e La w of t h e Sea . In t h a t r eg a r d, t h e A r g en t in e Repu blic, a s in
it s w r it t en st a t em en t of 8 Decem ber 1 9 8 2 (A /CONF.6 2 /W S/3 5 ), pla ces on r ecor d it s r eser v a t ion t o t h e effect
t h a t r esolu t ion III, in a n n ex I t o t h e fin a l A ct , in n o w a y a ffect s t h e "Qu est ion of t h e Fa lk la n d Isla n ds
(Ma lv in a s)", w h ich is g ov er n ed by t h e follow in g specific r esolu t ion s of t h e Gen er a l A ssem bly : 2 0 6 5 (X X ),
3 1 6 0 (X X V III), 3 1 /4 9 , 3 7 /9 a n d 3 8 /1 2 , a dopt ed w it h in t h e fr a m ew or k of t h e decolon iza t ion pr ocess.
In t h is con n ect ion , a n d bea r in g in m in d t h a t t h e Ma lv in a s a n d t h e Sou t h Sa n dw ich a n d Sou t h Geor g ia
Isla n ds for m a n in t eg r a l pa r t of A r g en t in e t er r it or y , t h e A r g en t in e Gov er n m en t decla r es t h a t it n eit h er
r ecog n izes n or w ill it r ecog n ize t h e t it le of a n y ot h er St a t e, com m u n it y or en t it y or t h e ex er cise by it of a n y
r ig h t of m a r it im e ju r isdict ion w h ich is cla im ed t o be pr ot ect ed u n der a n y in t er pr et a t ion of r esolu t ion III t h a t
v iola t es t h e r ig h t s of A r g en t in a ov er t h e Ma lv in a s a n d t h e Sou t h Sa n dw ich a n d Sou t h Geor g ia Isla n ds a n d
t h eir r espect iv e m a r it im e zon es. Con sequ en t ly , it lik ew ise n eit h er r ecog n izes n or w ill r ecog n ize a n d w ill
con sider n u ll a n d v oid a n y a ct iv it y or m ea su r e t h a t m a y be ca r r ied ou t or a dopt ed w it h ou t it s con sen t w it h
r eg a r d t o t h is qu est ion , w h ich t h e A r g en t in e Gov er n m en t con sider s t o be of m a jor im por t a n ce.
T h e A r g en t in e Gov er n m en t w ill a ccor din g ly in t er pr et t h e occu r r en ce of a ct s of t h e k in d r efer r ed t o
a bov e a s con t r a r y t o t h e a for em en t ion ed r esolu t ion s a dopt ed by t h e Un it ed Na t ion s, t h e pa t en t object iv e of
w h ich is t h e pea cefu l set t lem en t of t h e sov er eig n t y dispu t e con cer n in g t h e isla n ds by m ea n s of bila t er a l
n eg ot ia t ion s a n d t h r ou g h t h e g ood offices of t h e
Secr et a r y -Gen er a l of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s.
Fu r t h er m or e, it is t h e u n der st a n din g of t h e A r g en t in e Repu blic t h a t , w h er es t h e Fin a l A ct st a t es in
pa r a g r a ph 4 2 t h a t t h e Con v en t ion "t og et h er w it h r esolu t ion s I t o IV , [for m s] a n in t eg r a l w h ole", it is m er ely
descr ibin g t h e pr ocedu r e t h a t w a s follow ed a t t h e Con fer en ce t o a v oid a ser ies of sepa r a t e v ot es on t h e
Con v en t ion a n d t h e r esolu t ion s. T h e Con v en t ion it self clea r ly est a blish es in a r t icle 3 1 8 t h a t on ly t h e
A n n ex es for m a n in t eg r a l pa r t of t h e Con v en t ion ; t h u s, a n y ot h er in st r u m en t or docu m en t , ev en on e
a dopt ed by t h e Con fer en ce, does n ot for m a n in t eg r a l pa r t of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Con v en t ion on t h e La w of
t h e Sea .
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t h e Sea .
UNTC
Upon ratification:
(a ) W it h r eg a r d t o t h ose pr ov ision s of t h e Con v en t ion w h ich dea l w it h in n ocen t pa ssa g e t h r ou g h t h e
t er r it or ia l sea , it is t h e in t en t ion of t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e A r g en t in e Repu blic t o con t in u e t o a pply t h e
r eg im e cu r r en t ly in for ce t o t h e pa ssa g e of for eig n w a r sh ips t h r ou g h t h e A r g en t in e t er r it or ia l sea , sin ce t h a t
r eg im e is t ot a lly com pa t ible w it h t h e pr ov ision s of t h e Con v en t ion .
(b) W it h r eg a r d t o Pa r t III of t h e Con v en t ion , t h e A r g en t in e Gov er n m en t decla r es t h a t in t h e T r ea t y of
Pea ce a n d Fr ien dsh ip sig n ed w it h t h e Repu blic of Ch ile on 2 9 Nov em ber 1 9 8 4 , w h ich en t er ed in t o for ce on 2
Ma y 1 9 8 5 a n d w a s r eg ist er ed w it h t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Secr et a r ia t in a ccor da n ce w it h A r t icle 1 0 2 of t h e
Ch a r t er of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s, bot h St a t es r ea ffir m ed t h e v a lidit y of a r t icle V of t h e Bou n da r y T r ea t y of
1 8 8 1 w h er eby t h e St r a it of Ma g ella n (Est r ech o de Ma g a lla n es) is n eu t r a lized for ev er w it h fr ee n a v ig a t ion
a ssu r ed for t h e fla g s of a ll n a t ion s. T h e a for em en t ion ed T r ea t y of Pea ce a n d Fr ien dsh ip in clu des r eg u la t ion s
for v essels fly in g t h e fla g s of t h ir d cou n t r ies in t h e Bea g le Ch a n n el a n d ot h er st r a it s a n d ch a n n els of t h e
T ier r a del Fu eg o a r ch ipela g o.
(c) T h e A r g en t in e Repu blic a ccept s t h e pr ov ision s on t h e con ser v a t ion a n d m a n a g em en t of t h e liv in g
r esou r ces of t h e h ig h sea s, bu t con sider s t h a t t h ey a r e in su fficien t , pa r t icu la r ly t h e pr ov ision s r ela t in g t o
st r a ddlin g fish st ock s or h ig h ly m ig r a t or y fish st ock s, a n d t h a t t h ey sh ou ld be su pplem en t ed by a n effect iv e
a n d bin din g m u lt ila t er a l r eg im e w h ich , inter alia , w ou ld fa cilit a t e cooper a t ion t o pr ev en t a n d a v oid ov er fish in g , a n d w ou ld per m it t h e m on it or in g of t h e a ct iv it ies of fish in g v essels on t h e h ig h sea s a n d of t h e u se of
fish in g m et h ods a n d g ea r .
T h e A r g en t in e Gov er n m en t , bea r in g in m in d it s pr ior it y in t er est in con ser v in g t h e r esou r ces of it s
ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e a n d t h e a r ea of t h e h ig h sea s a dja cen t t h er et o, con sider s t h a t , in a ccor da n ce w it h
t h e pr ov ision s of t h e Con v en t ion , w h er e t h e sa m e st ock or st ock s of a ssocia t ed species occu r bot h w it h in t h e
ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e a n d in t h e a r ea of t h e h ig h sea s a dja cen t t h er et o, t h e A r g en t in e Repu blic, a s t h e
coa st a l St a t e, a n d ot h er St a t es fish in g for su ch st ock s in t h e a r ea a dja cen t t o it s ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e
sh ou ld a g r ee u pon t h e m ea su r es n ecessa r y for t h e con ser v a t ion of t h ose st ock s or st ock s of a ssocia t ed species
in t h e h ig h s sea s.
In depen den t ly of t h is, it is t h e u n der st a n din g of t h e A r g en t in e Gov er n m en t , t h a t in or der t o com ply
w it h t h e oblig a t ion la id dow n in t h e Con v en t ion con cer n in g t h e con ser v a t ion of t h e liv in g r esou r ces in it s
ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e a n d t h e a r ea a dja cen t t h er et o, it is a u t h or ized t o a dopt , in a ccor da n ce w it h
in t er n a t ion a l la w , a ll t h e m ea su r es it m a y deem n ecessa r y for t h e pu r pose.
(d) T h e r a t ifica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion by t h e A r g en t in e Repu blic does n ot im ply a ccept a n ce of t h e Fin a l
A ct of t h e T h ir d Un it ed Na t ion s Con fer en ce on t h e La w of t h e Sea . In t h a t r eg a r d, t h e A r g en t in e Repu blic, a s
in it s w r it t en st a t em en t of 8 Decem ber 1 9 8 2 (A /CONF.6 2 /W S/3 5 ), pla ces on r ecor d it s r eser v a t ion t o t h e
effect t h a t r esolu t ion III, in a n n ex I t o t h e Fin a l A ct , in n o w a y a ffect s t h e "Qu est ion of t h e Fa lk la n d Isla n ds
(Ma lv in a s)", w h ich is g ov er n ed by t h e follow in g specific r esolu t ion s of t h e Gen er a l A ssem bly : 2 0 6 5 (X X ),
3 1 6 0 (X X V III), 3 1 /4 9 , 3 7 /9 , 3 8 /1 2 , 3 9 /6 , 4 0 /2 1 , 4 1 /4 0 , 4 2 /1 9 , 4 3 /2 5 , 4 4 /4 0 6 , 4 5 /4 2 4 , 4 6 /4 0 6 , 4 7 /4 0 8
a n d 4 8 /4 0 8 , a dopt ed w it h in t h e fr a m ew or k of t h e decolon iza t ion pr ocess. [See paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of the
declaration m ade upon s ignature above.]
T h e A r g en t in e Repu blic r ea ffir m s it s leg it im a t e a n d in a lien a ble sov er eig n t y ov er t h e Ma lv in a s a n d t h e
Sou t h Sa n dw ich Isla n ds a n d t h eir r espect iv e m a r it im e a n d isla n d zon es, w h ich for m a n in t eg r a l pa r t of it s
n a t ion a l t er r it or y . T h e r ecov er y of t h ose t er r it or ies a n d t h e fu ll ex er cise of sov er eig n t y , r espect in g t h e w a y
of life of t h e in h a bit a n t s of t h e t er r it or ies a n d in a ccor da n ce w it h t h e pr in ciples of in t er n a t ion a l la w ,
con st it u t e a per m a n en t object iv e of t h e A r g en t in e people t h a t ca n n ot be r en ou n ced.
Fu r t h er m or e, it is t h e u n der st a n din g of t h e A r g en t in e Repu blic t h a t t h e Fin a l A ct , in r efer r in g in
pa r a g r a ph 4 2 t o t h e Con v en t ion t og et h er w it h r esolu t ion s I t o IV a s for m in g a n in t eg r a l w h ole, is m er ely
descr ibin g t h e pr ocedu r e t h a t w a s follow ed a t t h e Con fer en ce t o a v oid a ser ies of sepa r a t e v ot es on t h e
Con v en t ion a n d t h e r esolu t ion s. T h e Con v en t ion it self clea r ly est a blish es in a r t icle 3 1 8 t h a t on ly t h e
A n n ex es for m a n in t eg r a l pa r t of t h e Con v en t ion ; t h u s, a n y ot h er in st r u m en t or docu m en t , ev en on e
a dopt ed by t h e Con fer en ce, does n ot for m a n in t eg r a l pa r t of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Con v en t ion on t h e La w of
t h e Sea .
(e) T h e A r g en t in e Repu blic fu lly r espect s t h e r ig h t of fr ee n a v ig a t ion a s em bodied in t h e Con v en t ion ,
h ow ev er , it con sider s t h a t t h e t r a n sit by sea of v essels ca r r y in g h ig h ly r a dioa ct iv e su bst a n ces m u st be du ly
r eg u la t ed.
T h e A r g en t in e Gov er n m en t a ccept s t h e pr ov ision s on pr ev en t ion of pollu t ion of t h e m a r in e en v ir on m en t
con t a in ed in Pa r t X II of t h e Con v en t ion , bu t con sider s t h a t , in t h e lig h t of ev en t s su bsequ en t t o t h e a dopt ion
of t h a t in t er n a t ion a l in st r u m en t , t h e m ea su r es t o pr ev en t , con t r ol a n d m in im ize t h e effect s of t h e pollu t ion
of t h e sea by n ox iou s a n d pot en t ia lly da n g er ou s su bst a n ces a n d h ig h ly a ct iv e r a dioa ct iv e su bst a n ces m u st
be su pplem en t ed a n d r ein for ced.
(f) In a ccor da n ce w it h t h e pr ov ision s of a r t icle 2 8 7 , t h e A r g en t in e Gov er n m en t decla r es t h a t it a ccept s,
in or der of pr efer en ce, t h e follow in g m ea n s for t h e set t lem en t of dispu t es con cer n in g t h e in t er pr et a t ion or
a pplica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion : (a ) t h e In t er n a t ion a l T r ibu n a l for t h e La w of t h e Sea ; (b) a n a r bit r a l t r ibu n a l
con st it u t ed in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V III for qu est ion s r ela t in g t o fish er ies, pr ot ect ion a n d pr eser v a t ion of
t h e m a r in e en v ir on m en t , m a r in e scien t ific r esea r ch , a n d n a v ig a t ion , in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V III, a r t icle
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t h e m a r in e en v ir on m en t , m a r in e scien t ific r esea r ch , a n d n a v ig a t ion , in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V III, a r t icle
1.
A u st r a l i a
2 2 Ma r ch 2 0 0 2
Declaration under articles 287 and 298:
"T h e Gov er n m en t of A u st r a lia decla r es, u n der pa r a g r a ph 1 of a r t icle 2 8 7 of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s
Con v en t ion on t h e La w of t h e Sea don e a t Mon t eg o Ba y on t h e t en t h da y of Decem ber on e t h ou sa n d n in e
h u n dr ed a n d eig h t y -t w o t h a t it ch ooses t h e follow in g m ea n s for t h e set t lem en t of dispu t es con cer n in g t h e
in t er pr et a t ion or a pplica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion , w it h ou t specify in g t h a t on e h a s pr eceden ce ov er t h e ot h er :
(a ) t h e In t er n a t ion a l T r ibu n a l for t h e La w of t h e Sea est a blish ed in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V I of t h e
Con v en t ion ; a n d
(b) t h e In t er n a t ion a l Cou r t of Ju st ice.
T h e Gov er n m en t of A u st r a lia fu r t h er decla r es, u n der pa r a g r a ph 1 (a ) of a r t icle 2 9 8 of t h e Un it ed
Na t ion s Con v en t ion on t h e La w of t h e Sea don e a t Mon t eg o Ba y on t h e t en t h da y of Decem ber on e t h ou sa n d
n in e h u n dr ed a n d eig h t y -t w o, t h a t it does n ot a ccept a n y of t h e pr ocedu r es pr ov ided for in sect ion 2 of Pa r t
X V (in clu din g t h e pr ocedu r es r efer r ed t o in pa r a g r a ph s (a ) a n d (b) of t h is decla r a t ion ) w it h r espect t o
dispu t es con cer n in g t h e in t er pr et a t ion or a pplica t ion of a r t icles 1 5 , 7 4 a n d 8 3 r ela t in g t o sea bou n da r y
delim it a t ion s a s w ell a s t h ose in v olv in g h ist or ic ba y s or t it les.
T h ese decla r a t ion s by t h e Gov er n m en t of A u st r a lia a r e effect iv e im m edia t ely ."
A u st r i a
Declarations :
"In t h e a bsen ce of a n y ot h er pea cefu l m ea n s t o w h ich it w ou ld g iv e pr efer en ce t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e
Repu blic of A u st r ia h er eby ch ooses on e of t h e follow in g m ea n s for t h e set t lem en t of dispu t es con cer n in g t h e
in t er pr et a t ion or a pplica t ion of t h e t w o Con v en t ion s in a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 2 8 7 of t h e [sa id Con v en t ion ],
in t h e follow in g or der :
1 . T h e in t er n a t ion a l T r ibu n a l for t h e La w of t h e Sea est a blish ed in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V I;
2 . A specia l a r bit r a l t r ibu n a l con st it u t ed in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V III;
3 . T h e In t er n a t ion a l Cou r t of Ju st ice.
A lso in t h e a bsen ce of a n y ot h er pea cefu l m ea n s, t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Repu blic of A u st r ia h er eby
r ecog n izes a s of t oda y t h e v a lidit y of specia l a r bit r a t ion for a n y dispu t e con cer n in g t h e in t er pr et a t ion or
a pplica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion on t h e La w of t h e Sea r ela t in g t o fish er ies, pr ot ect ion a n d pr eser v a t ion of t h e
m a r in e en v ir on m en t , m a r in e scien t ific r esea r ch a n d n a v ig a t ion , in clu din g pollu t ion fr om v essels a n d by
du m pin g ."
Ba n gl a desh
Declarations :
"1 . T h e Gov er n m en t of t h e People's Repu blic of Ba n g la desh u n der st a n ds t h a t t h e pr ov ision s of t h e
Con v en t ion do n ot a u t h or ise ot h er St a t es t o ca r r y ou t in t h e ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e a n d on t h e con t in en t a l
sh elf m ilit a r y ex er cise or m a n oeu v r es, in pa r t icu la r , t h ose in v olv in g t h e u se of w ea pon s or ex plosiv es,
w it h ou t t h e con sen t of t h e coa st a l St a t e.
2 . T h e Ba n g la desh Gov er n m en t is n ot bou n d by a n y dom est ic leg isla t ion or by a n y decla r a t ion issu ed by
ot h er St a t es u pon sig n a t u r e or r a t ifica t ion of t h is Con v en t ion . Ba n g la desh r eser v es t h e r ig h t t o st a t e it s
posit ion con cer n in g a ll su ch leg isla t ion or decla r a t ion s a t t h e a ppr opr ia t e t im e. In pa r t icu la r , Ba n g la desh
r a t ifica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion in n o w a y con st it u t es r ecog n it ion of t h e m a r it im e cla im s of a n y ot h er St a t e
h a v in g sig n ed or r a t ified t h e Con v en t ion , w h er e su ch cla im s a r e in con sist en t w it h t h e r elev a n t pr in ciples of
in t er n a t ion a l la w a n d w h ich a r e pr eju dicia l t o t h e sov er eig n r ig h t s a n d ju r isdict ion of Ba n g la desh in it s
m a r it im e a r ea s.
3 . T h e ex er cise of t h e r ig h t of in n ocen t pa ssa g e of w a r sh ips t h r ou g h t h e t er r it or ia l sea of ot h er St a t es
sh ou ld a lso be per ceiv ed t o be a pea cefu l on e. Effect iv e a n d speedy m ea n s of com m u n ica t ion a r e ea sily
a v a ila ble a n d m a k e t h e pr ior n ot ifica t ion of t h e ex er cise of t h e r ig h t of in n ocen t pa ssa g e of w a r sh ips
r ea son a ble a n d n ot in com pa t ible w it h t h e Con v en t ion . Su ch n ot ifica t ion is a lr ea dy r equ ir ed by som e St a t es.
Ba n g la desh r eser v es t h e r ig h t t o leg isla t e on t h is poin t .
4 . Ba n g la desh is of t h e v iew t h a t su ch a n ot ifica t ion r equ ir em en t is n eeded in r espect of n u clea r -pow er ed
sh ips or sh ips ca r r y in g n u clea r or ot h er in h er en t ly da n g er ou s or n ox iou s su bst a n ces. Fu r t h er m or e, n o su ch
sh ips sh a ll be a llow ed w it h in Ba n g la desh w a t er s w it h ou t t h e n ecessa r y a u t h or isa t ion .
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5 . Ba n g la desh is of t h e v iew t h a t t h e sov er eig n im m u n it y a s en v isa g ed in a r t icle 2 3 6 does n ot r eliev e a
St a t e fr om t h e oblig a t ion , m or a l or ot h er w ise, in a ccept in g r espon sibilit y a n d lia bilit y for com pen sa t ion a n d
r elief in r espect of da m a g e ca u sed by pollu t ion of t h e m a r in e en v ir on m en t by a n y w a r sh ip, n a v a l a u x ilia r y ,
ot h er v essels or a ir cr a ft ow n ed or oper a t ed by t h e St a t e a n d u sed on g ov er n m en t n on -com m er cia l ser v ice.
6 . Ra t ifica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion by Ba n g la desh does n ot ipso fa ct o im ply r ecog n it ion or a ccept a n ce of
a n y t er r it or ia l cla im m a de by a St a t e pa r t y t o t h e Con v en t ion , n or a u t om a t ic r ecog n it ion of a n y la n d or sea
bor der .
7 . T h e Ba n g la desh Gov er n m en t does n ot con sider it self bou n d by a n y of t h e decla r a t ion s or st a t em en t s,
h ow ev er ph r a sed or n a m ed, m a de by ot h er St a t es w h en sig n in g , a ccept in g , r a t ify in g or a ccedin g t o t h e
Con v en t ion a n d t h a t it r eser v es t h e r ig h t t o st a t e it s posit ion on a n y of t h ose decla r a t ion s or st a t em en t s a t
a n y t im e.
8 . T h e Ba n g la desh Gov er n m en t decla r es, w it h ou t pr eju dice t o a r t icle 3 0 3 of t h e Con v en t ion on t h e La w
of t h e Sea , t h a t a n y object s of a n a r ch a eolog ica l a n d h ist or ica l n a t u r e fou n d w it h in t h e m a r in e a r ea s ov er
w h ich it ex er cises sov er eig n t y or ju r isdict ion sh a ll n ot be r em ov ed, w it h ou t it s pr ior n ot ifica t ion a n d
con sen t .
9 . T h e Gov er n m en t of Ba n g la desh sh a ll, a t a n a ppr opr ia t e t im e, m a k e decla r a t ion s pr ov ided for in
a r t icles 2 8 7 a n d 2 9 8 r ela t in g t o t h e set t lem en t of dispu t es.
1 0 . T h e Gov er n m en t of Ba n g la desh in t en ds t o u n der t a k e a com pr eh en siv e r ev iew of ex ist in g dom est ic
la w s a n d r eg u la t ion s w it h a v iew t o h a r m on izin g t h em w it h t h e pr ov ision s of t h e Con v en t ion ."
1 4 Decem ber 2 0 0 9
Declaration relating to Article 287 w ith res pect to India:
“ Pu r su a n t t o A r t icle 2 8 7 , pa r a g r a ph 1 of t h e 1 9 8 2 Un it ed Na t ion s Con v en t ion on t h e La w of t h e Sea , t h e
Gov er n m en t of t h e People’s Repu blic of Ba n g la desh decla r es t h a t it a ccept s t h e ju r isdict ion of t h e
In t er n a t ion a l T r ibu n a l for t h e La w of t h e Sea for t h e set t lem en t of dispu t e bet w een t h e People’s Repu blic of
Ba n g la desh a n d t h e Repu blic of In dia r ela t in g t o t h e delim it a t ion of t h eir m a r it im e bou n da r y in t h e Ba y of
Ben g a l.”
Declaration relating to Article 287 w ith res pect to Myanm ar:
“ Pu r su a n t t o A r t icle 2 8 7 , pa r a g r a ph 1 of t h e 1 9 8 2 Un it ed Na t ion s Con v en t ion on t h e La w of t h e Sea , t h e
Gov er n m en t of t h e People’s Repu blic of Ba n g la desh decla r es t h a t it a ccept s t h e ju r isdict ion of t h e
In t er n a t ion a l T r ibu n a l for t h e La w of t h e Sea for t h e set t lem en t of dispu t e bet w een t h e People’s Repu blic of
Ba n g la desh a n d t h e Un ion of My a n m a r r ela t in g t o t h e delim it a t ion of t h eir m a r it im e bou n da r y in t h e Ba y of
Ben g a l.”
Bel a r u s
Upon s ignature:
1 . T h e By elor u ssia n Sov iet Socia list Repu blic decla r es t h a t , in a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 2 8 7 of t h e Un it ed
Na t ion s Con v en t ion on t h e La w of t h e Sea , it a ccept s, a s t h e ba sic m ea n s for t h e set t lem en t of dispu t es
con cer n in g t h e in t er pr et a t ion or a pplica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion , a n a r bit r a l t r ibu n a l con st it u t ed in
a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V II. For t h e con sider a t ion of qu est ion s r ela t in g t o fish er ies, t h e pr ot ect ion a n d
pr eser v a t ion of t h e m a r in e en v ir on m en t , m a r in e scien t ific r esea r ch a n d n a v ig a t ion , in clu din g pollu t ion
fr om v essels a n d by du m pin g , t h e By elor u ssia n Sov iet Socia list Repu blic ch ooses a specia l a r bit r a l t r ibu n a l
con st it u t ed in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V III. T h e By elor u ssia n Sov iet Socia list Repu blic r ecog n izes t h e
com pet en ce of t h e In t er n a t ion a l T r ibu n a l for t h e La w of t h e Sea in r ela t ion t o qu est ion s of t h e pr om pt r elea se
of det a in ed v essels or t h eir cr ew s, a s en v isa g ed in a r t icle 2 9 2 .
2 . T h e By elor u ssia n Sov iet Socia list Repu blic decla r es t h a t , in a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 2 9 8 of t h e
Con v en t ion , it does n ot a ccept com pu lsor y pr ocedu r es en t a ilin g bin din g decision s in t h e con sider a t ion of
dispu t es con cer n ed w it h t h e delim it a t ion of m a r in e lim it s, dispu t es r ela t in g t o m ilit a r y a ct iv it y a n d
dispu t es in r ela t ion t o w h ich t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Secu r it y Cou n cil per for m s fu n ct ion s en t r u st ed t o it u n der
t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Ch a r t er .
Upon ratification:
1 . In a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 2 8 7 of t h e Con v en t ion , t h e Repu blic of Bela r u s a ccept s a s t h e ba sic m ea n s
for t h e set t lem en t of dispu t es con cer n in g t h e in t er pr et a t ion or a pplica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion a n a r bit r a l
t r ibu n a l con st it u t ed in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V II. For t h e set t lem en t of dispu t es con cer n in g fish er ies,
pr ot ect ion a n d pr eser v a t ion of t h e m a r in e en v ir on m en t , m a r in e scien t ific r esea r ch or n a v ig a t ion , in clu din g
pollu t ion fr om v essels a n d by du m pin g , t h e Repu blic of Bela r u s w ill u se a specia l a r bit r a l t r ibu n a l
con st it u t ed in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V III. T h e Repu blic of Bela r u secog n izes t h e ju r isdict ion of t h e
In t er n a t ion a l T r ibu n a l for t h e La w of t h e Sea ov er qu est ion s con cer n in g t h e pr om pt r elea se of det a in ed
v essels or t h eir cr ew s, a s en v isa g ed in a r t icle 2 9 2 of t h e Con v en t ion ; 2 . In a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 2 9 8 of t h e
Con v en t ion , t h e Repu blic of Bela r u s does n ot a ccept com pu lsor y pr ocedu r es en t a ilin g bin din g decision s for
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Con v en t ion , t h e Repu blic of Bela r u s does n ot a ccept com pu lsor y pr ocedu r es en t a ilin g bin din g decision s for
t h e con sider a t ion of dispu t es con cer n in g m ilit a r y a ct iv it ies, in clu din g by g ov er n m en t v essels a n d a ir cr a ft
en g a g ed in n on -com m er cia l ser v ice, or dispu t es con cer n in g la w en for cem en t a ct iv it ies in r eg a r d t o t h e
ex er cise of sov er eig n r ig h t s or ju r isdict ion , or dispu t es in r espect of w h ich t h e Secu r it y Cou n cil of t h e Un it ed
Na t ion s is ex er cisin g t h e fu n ct ion s a ssig n ed t o it by t h e Ch a r t er of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s.
Bel gi u m
Upon s ignature:
T h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Kin g dom of Belg iu m h a s decided t o sig n t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Con v en t ion on t h e
La w of t h e Sea beca u se t h e Con v en t ion h a s a v er y la r g e n u m ber of posit iv e fea t u r es a n d a ch iev es a
com pr om ise on t h em w h ich is a ccept a ble t o m ost St a t es. Nev er t h eless, w it h r eg a r d t o t h e st a t u s of m a r it im e
spa ce, it r eg r et s t h a t t h e con cept of equ it y , a dopt ed for t h e delim it a t ion of t h e con t in en t a l sh elf a n d t h e
ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e, w a s n ot a pplied a g a in in t h e pr ov ision s for delim it in g t h e t er r it or ia l sea . It
w elcom es, h ow ev er , t h e dist in ct ion s est a blish ed by t h e Con v en t ion bet w een t h e n a t u r e of t h e r ig h t s w h ich
r ipa r ia n St a t es ex er cise ov er t h eir t er r it or ia l sea , on t h e on e h a n d, a n d ov er t h e con t in en t a l sh elf a n d t h eir
ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e, on t h e ot h er .
It is com m on k n ow ledg e t h a t t h e Belg ia n Gov er n m en t ca n n ot decla r e it self a lso sa t isfied w it h cer t a in
pr ov ision s of t h e in t er n a t ion a l r ég im e of t h e sea -bed w h ich , t h ou g h ba sed on a pr in ciple t h a t it w ou ld n ot
t h in k of ch a llen g in g , seem s n ot t o h a v e ch osen t h e m ost su it a ble w a y of a ch iev in g t h e desir ed r esu lt a s
qu ick ly a n d su r ely a s possible, a t t h e r isk of jeopa r dizin g t h e su ccess of a g en er ou s u n der t a k in g w h ich
Belg iu m con sist en t ly en cou r a g es a n d su ppor t s. In deed, cer t a in pr ov ision s of Pa r t X I a n d of A n n ex es III a n d IV
a ppea r t o it t o be m a r r ed by ser iou s defect s a n d sh or t com in g s w h ich ex pla in w h y con sen su s w a s n ot r ea ch ed
on t h is t ex t a t t h e la st session of t h e T h ir d Un it ed Na t ion s Con fer en ce on t h e La w of t h e Sea , in New Y or k , in
A pr il 1 9 8 2 . T h ese sh or t com in g s a n d defect s con cer n in pa r t icu la r t h e r est r ict ion of a ccess t o t h e A r ea , t h e
lim it a t ion s on pr odu ct ion a n d cer t a in pr ocedu r es for t h e t r a n sfer of t ech n olog y , n ot t o m en t ion t h e
v ex a t iou s im plica t ion s of t h e cost a n d fin a n cin g of t h e fu t u r e In t er n a t ion a l Sea -Bed A u t h or it y a n d t h e fir st
m in e sit e of t h e En t er pr ise. T h e Belg ia n Gov er n m en t sin cer ely h opes t h a t t h ese sh or t com in g s a n d defect s
w ill in fa ct be r ect ified b t h e r u les, r eg u la t ion s a n d pr ocedu r es w h ich t h e Pr epa r a t or y Com m ission sh ou ld
dr a w u p w it h t h e t w ofold in t en t of fa cilit a t in g a ccept a n ce of t h e n ew r ég im e by t h e w h ole in t er n a t ion a l
com m u n it y a n d en a blin g t h e com m on h er it a g e of m a n k in d t o be pr oper ly ex ploit ed for t h e ben efit of a ll a n d,
pr efer a bly , for t h e ben efit of t h e lea st fa v ou r ed cou n t r ies. T h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Kin g dom of Belg iu m is n ot
a lon e in t h in k in g t h a t t h e su ccess of t h is n ew r ég im e, t h e effect iv e est a blish m en t of t h e In t er n a t ion a l Sea Bed A u t h or it y a n d t h e econ om ic v ia bilit y of t h e En t er pr ise w ill depen d t o a la r g e ex t en t on t h e qu a lit y a n d
ser iou sn ess of t h e Pr epa r a t or y Com m ission 's w or k : it t h er efor e con sider s t h a t a ll decision s of t h e Com m ission
sh ou ld be a dopt ed by con sen su s, t h a t bein g t h e on ly w a y of pr ot ect in g t h e leg it im a t e in t er est s of a ll.
A s t h e r epr esen t a t iv es of Fr a n ce a n d t h e Net h er la n ds poin t ed ou t t w o y ea r s a g o, t h e Belg ia n Gov er n m en t
w ish es t o m a k e it a bu n da n t ly clea r t h a t , n ot w it h st a n din g it s decision t o sig n t h e Con v en t ion t oda y , t h e
Kin g dom of Belg iu m is n ot h er e a n d n ow det er m in ed t o r a t ify it . It w ill t a k e a sepa r a t e decision on t h is poin t
a t a la t er da t e, w h ich w ill t a k e a ccou n t of w h a t t h e Pr epa r a t or y Com m ission h a s a ccom plish ed t o m a k e t h e
in t er n a t ion a l r ég im e of t h e sea -bed a ccept a ble t o a ll, focu sin g m a in ly on t h e qu est ion s t o w h ich a t t en t ion
h a s been dr a w n a bov e.
T h e Belg ia n Gov er n m en t a lso w ish es t o r eca ll t h a t Belg iu m is a m em ber of t h e Eu r opea n Econ om ic
Com m u n it y , t o w h ich it h a s t r a n sfer r ed pow er s in cer t a in a r ea s cov er ed by t h e Con v en t ion ; det a iled
decla r a t ion s on t h e n a t u r e a n d ex t en t of t h e pow er s t r a n sfer r ed w ill be m a de in du e cou r se, in a ccor da n ce
w it h t h e pr ov ision s of A n n ex IX of t h e Con v en t ion .
It a lso w ish es t o dr a w a t t en t ion for m a lly t o sev er a l poin t s w h ich it con sider s pa r t icu la r ly cr u cia l. For
ex a m ple, it a t t a ch es g r ea t im por t a n ce t o t h e con dit ion s t o w h ich A r t icles 2 1 a n d 2 3 of t h e Con v en t ion
su bject t h e r ig h t of in n ocen t pa ssa g e t h r ou g h t h e t er r it a l sea , a n d it in t en ds t o en su r e t h a t t h e cr it er ia
pr escr ibed by t h e r elev a n t in t er n a t ion a l a g r eem en t s a r e st r ict ly a pplied, w h et h er t h e fla g St a t es a r e pa r t ies
t h er et o or n ot . T h e lim it a t ion of t h e br ea dt h of t h e t er r it or ia l sea , a s est a blish ed by A r t icle 3 of t h e
Con v en t ion , con fir m s a n d codifies a w idely obser v ed cu st om a r y pr a ct ice w h ich it is in cu m ben t on ev er y
St a t e t o r espect , a s it is t h e on ly on e a dm it t ed by in t er n a t ion a l la w : t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Kin g dom of
Belg iu m w ill n ot t h er efor e r ecog n ize, a s t er r it or ia l sea , w a t er s w h ich a r e, or m a y be, cla im ed t o be su ch
bey on d 1 2 n a u t ica l m iles m ea su r ed fr om ba selin es det er m in ed by t h e r ipa r ia n St a t e in a ccor da n ce w it h t h e
Con v en t ion . Ha v in g u n der lin ed t h e close lin k a g e w h ich it per ceiv es bet w een A r t icle 3 3 , pa r a g r a ph 1 (a ),
a n d A r t icle 2 7 , pa r a g r a ph 2 , of t h e Con v en t ion , t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Kin g dom of Belg iu m in t en ds t o
r eser v e t h e r ig h t , in em er g en cies a n d especia lly in ca ses of bla t a n t v iola t ion , t o ex er cise t h e pow er s a ccor ded
t o t h e r ipa r ia n St a t e by t h e la t t er t ex t , w it h ou t n ot ify in g befor eh a n d a diplom a t ic a g en t or con su la r officer
of t h e fla g St a t e, on t h e u n der st a n din g t h a t su ch n ot ifica t ion sh a ll be g iv en a s soon a s it is ph y sica lly
possible. Fin a lly , ev er y on e w ill u n der st a n d t h a t t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Kin g dom of Belg iu m ch ooses t o
em ph a size t h ose pr ov ision s of t h e Con v en t ion w h ich en t it le it t o pr ot ect it self, bey on d t h e lim it of t h e
t er r it or ia l sea , a g a in st a n y t h r ea t of pollu t ion a n d, a fortiori , a g a in st a n y ex ist in g pollu t ion r esu lt in g fr om
a n a cciden t a t sea , a s w ell a s t h ose pr ov ision s w h ich r ecog n ize t h e v a lidit y of r ig h t s a n d oblig a t ion s der iv in g
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a n a cciden t a t sea , a s w ell a s t h ose pr ov ision s w h ich r ecog n ize t h e v a lidit y of r ig h t s a n d oblig a t ion s der iv in g
fr om specific con v en t ion s a n d a g r eem en t s con clu ded pr ev iou sly or w h ich m a y be con clu ded su bsequ en t ly in
fu r t h er a n ce of t h e g en er a l pr in ciples set for t h in t h e Con v en t ion .
In t h e a bsen ce of a n y ot h er pea cefu l m ea n s t o w h ich it obv iou sly g iv es pr ior it y , t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e
Kin g dom of Belg iu m deem s it ex pedien t t o ch oose a lt er n a t iv ely , a n d in or der of pr efer en ce, a s A r t icle 2 8 7 of
t h e Con v en t ion lea v es it fr ee t o do, t h e follow in g m ea n s of set t lin g dispu t es con cer n in g t h e in t er pr et a t ion or
a pplica t ion of t h e Con v en t ion :
1 . a n a r bit r a l t r ibu n a l con st it u t ed in a ccor da n ce w it h A n n ex V III;
2 . t h e In t er n a t ion a l T r ibu n a l for