Kotler11_media.ppt 2151KB Aug 31 2008 09:55:48 PM

MARKETING MANAGEMENT
12th edition

11
Dealing with
Competition

Kotler

Keller

Chapter Questions
• How do marketers identify primary competitors?
• How should we analyze competitors’ strategies,
objectives, strengths, and weaknesses?
• How can market leaders expand the total market
and defend market share?
• How should market challengers attack market
leaders?
• How can market followers or nichers compete
effectively?

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Competition in the Jeans Market

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Figure 1.1 Five Forces Determining
Segment Structural Attractiveness

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Identifying Competitors

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Industry Concept of Competition
• Number of sellers and degree of
differentiation
• Entry, mobility, and exit barriers
• Cost structure

• Degree of vertical integration
• Degree of globalization

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Industry Concept of Competition
Pure
Pure Monopoly
Monopoly
Oligopoly
Oligopoly
Monopolistic
Monopolistic Competition
Competition
Pure
Pure Competition
Competition
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Figure 11.2 Competitor Map


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Figure 11.4 A Competitor’s
Expansion Plans

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Analyzing Competitors
Share of market
Share of mind
Share of heart

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Table 11.2

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Figure 11.5

Hypothetical Market Structure

10%
20%
Market Market
Nichers Follower

30%
Market
Challenger

40%
Market
Leader

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Expanding the Total Market

New customers

More usage

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Figure 11.6 Six Types of
Defense Strategies

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Figure 11.7
Optimal Market Share

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Factors Relevant to Pursuing
Increased Market Share






Possibility of provoking antitrust action
Economic cost
Pursuing the wrong marketing-mix strategy
The effect of increased market share on
actual and perceived quality

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Other Competitive Strategies
Market
Challengers
Market
Followers

Market
Nichers
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Market Challenger Strategies

• Define the strategic objective and
opponents
• Choose a general attack strategy
• Choose a specific attack strategy

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General Attack Strategies
Frontal Attack

Flank Attack

Encirclement
Attack

Bypass Attack

Guerrilla Warfare
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Pepsi buys Gatorade in a Bypass
Strategy

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Specific Attack Strategies






Price discounts
Lower-priced goods
Value-priced goods
Prestige goods
Product proliferation







Product innovation
Improved services
Distribution innovation
Manufacturing-cost
reduction
• Intensive advertising
promotion

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Samsung Attacks Using
Innovation

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Market Follower Strategies
Counterfeiter

Cloner
Imitator
Adapter
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Market Nicher Strategies

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Balancing Orientations

CompetitorCentered

CustomerCentered

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Marketing Debate
 How do you attack a Category
Leader?

Take a position:
1. The best way to challenge a leader is to
attack its strengths.
2. The best way to attack a leader is
to avoid a head-on assault and to adopt
a flanking strategy.
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Marketing Discussion
 Pick an industry. Classify firms
according to the four different
roles they might play. How would
you characterize the nature of
competition? Do the firms follow
the principles described in this
chapter?
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