Implementasi kebijakan pengandangan unggas untuk mencegah avian influenza di masyarakat Kabupaten Bogor The implementation of policy of poultry caging for prevent avian influenza in the society of Bogor sub Province

  JHECDs, 2 (2), 2016, hal. 39-41

  Penelitian

  

Implementasi kebijakan pengandangan unggas untuk mencegah

avian influenza di masyarakat Kabupaten Bogor

The implementation of policy of poultry caging for prevent avian

influenza in the society of Bogor sub Province

  Risqa Novita Centre for Biomedical and Basic Technology of Health, National Institute of Health Research Development, Jakarta Jalan Percetakan Negara No. 29, Jakarta Pusat 10560, Indonesia

• Korespondensi:

  Tanggal masuk 10 Oktober 2016, Revisi pertama 16 Nopember 2016, Revisi terakhir 16 Nopember 2016, Diterima

25 Nopember 2016, Terbit daring 23 Maret 2017

  

Abstract. The publication of the Regulation of Bogor Regent no 16 year 2007 point on poultry caging in backyard was made as

an attempt to limit human contact for prevention against Avian Influenza. The aim of this study was to know the implementation

of the regulation among the society of Bogor. The research method was qualitative methods to construct a concept map. Result of

research indicated that the society not yet penned their poultry indeed, the community. In conclusion, regulation of Bogor District

no 16 year 2007 have not been implemented by the society. The society have to improve their health behaviors to prevent Avian

Influenza.

  Keywords : Implementation, Poultry caging, Regulation of Bogor Regent No 16 Year 2007

Abstrak. Untuk mencegah Avian Influenza, dibuat Peraturan Bupati Bogor No 16 Tahun 2007, dimana salah satu poin

  mengenai pengandangan unggas peliharaan masyarakat untuk membatasi kontak antara unggas dengan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi peraturan pengandangan unggas di dalam pemukiman masyarakat. Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif yang menghasilkan peta konsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar masyarakat belum mengandangkan unggas peliharaannya. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah Peraturan Bupati Bogor No 16 Tahun 2007 belum diimplementasikan di tingkat masyarakat. Untuk mencegah Avian Influenza membutuhkan perbaikan perilaku sehat masyarakat.

  Kata kunci : Implementasi, Pengandangan Unggas, Peraturan Bupati Bogor No 16 tahun 2007 DOI :

Cara sitasi : Novita R. Implementasi kebijakan pengandangan unggas untuk mencegah avian influenza

  di masyarakat Kabupaten Bogor. J.Health.Epidemiol. Commun.Dis. 2016;2(2): 39-41.

  (How to cite)

  39 R Novita implementation of policy of poultry caging for.....

  Introduction

  Avian Influenza (AI) cases in Indonesia up to July 2012 counted 190 confirm by 158 patient died. Case Fatality Rate (CFR) was 85%, while other state of mean only reaching 59%. ¹ West Java

  Province has high risk of AI, including Sub- Province Bogor. That’s why sub province of Bogor had The Regulation of District Bogor number 16 year 2007 about Intensification Handling and Operation of Virus Flu Bird / Avian Influenza (AI) in Bogor sub-province point poultry caging on the community. ^1-5 Good policy has positive correlation with its implementation. The object of the policy should implement the policy as well. Implementation of government regulation is a critical step in the process of public policy. It is one of variables that essential to resolve various problems on the society. ⁶ Our purpose was to know the implementation of

  Regulation of District Bogor number 16 year 2007 about Intensification Handling and Operation of Virus Flu Bird / Avian Influenza (AI) in Bogor sub- province in the community point poultry caging. Target of the policy are the community which have poultry in their backyard (sector IV). The poultry usually kampong chicken.

  Methods

  The research conducted on Mei – Juni 2012. The research used qualitative method to identified how implementation policy of poultry caging in settlement to prevent AI case in Bogor sub- province at target group (society). We used purposive sampling. There were 10 persons as our respondents from Ciomas and Cibinong district represent the community of Bogor. We selected two districts based on highest poultry population on those districts. The subjects were according with inclusion criterias and had signed the informed consent. Inclusion criterias are having poultry in their backyard, aged minimum18 years, and have education minimum senior high school. We did indepth interviews with them to explore their knowledge, attitude and perception about the regulation. We recorded all the interviews with voice recorder and also we wrote the important statements. We analysed the data from the interview by transcription, coding and category process. The final result from our qualitative research was the hypothesis about the implementation of the regulation of poultry caging in Bogor.

  Results

  We did research on Bogor Sub Province. Bogor has 40 districts. We choose only two distrtict for our research location.

  Figure 1. West Java Map. Location with red point are endemic area for AI, including Bogor All of the respondents did not know the existence of policy of poultry caging in sociality (IV sector). They just heard about the policy. Here is the statement from the respondents :

  “… I knew about the policy, but in Depok and Jakarta. The policy was about poultry caging on the home. All of the owner have to caged their poultry. No free bird or kampong chicken anymore. But in here, Bogor, I never hear about the policy even just door to door animal health promotion from the bieurocrats. ”

  (Respondents 3) Most respondents less agree with the policy because they don’t have enough space to keep their poultry. So, sometimes their poultry lay on the tree at the night.

  “… The chickens will be happier at the free area than

  their cage. Sometimes my chickens don’t want to eat while at their cage, but they eat everything when I open their cage…They also happy too and run everywhere with their friends .” (Respondents 5)

  Poultry caging also still misinterpreted by most respondents. As general they have penned its JHECDs Vol. 2, No. 2, Desember 2016 poultry, but in the reality, they only caged their chickens at the night, and at the morning they open the cage. The chickens are always released in the morning, and in the evening they go home by theirself.

  Result of the in depth interview processed to transcription, coding, category process, and at final result is the concept of a map used to develop quesioner.

  3 Finally, we built the concept of map about the implementation of the policy. We found there are 7 factors influence idealism of policy; budget, effective communication, deliberation, society aspiration, knowledge, attitude, and practice Knowledge and attitude also influenced suistanable of the policy. Communication influenced knowledge. Good communication will increase the knowledge. Knowledge also influenced the suistanable of policy.

  Culture

  Peaceful zona Economic factor

  Apathetic Negative attitude

  Target of policy Communication

  Policy suistanable

  Practice

  Knowledge Attitudes

  Society aspiration.

  Budget effective communications Deliberation.

  Policy idealism

  The concept of map below shows us that there are three factor which very have an effect on taking policy.They are knowledge, society practise and attitude. Knowledge, good practise and attitude will cause the policy can reach its target, poultry caging. By the result of research qualitative in society, we produced a hypothesis which could be test quantitatively. The hypothesis is, there was relation among knowledge, society practise and attitude concerning policy of poultry caging for prevent AI infection in community of Sub-Province Bogor.

  97

  Here is the table about the content of our interview.

  99 Do the civil servants introduce you about poultry caging?

  1

  5 Do you know about caging? 100 Do You know about AI? 100 Do you afraid with AI?

  95

  20 Do your kampong chicken live in their cage on 24 hour

  80

  5 Do you have the cage for your kampong chicken?

  95

  Yes No Not sure Do You know about Regulation of Regent Bogor number 16 year 2007 point poultry caging?

  The Questions The Answers

  Table 1. The content of our interview

  Figure 2. The concept of map of policy of caging poultry R Novita implementation of policy of poultry caging for.....

  Discussion

  4. Santhia K, Ramy A, Jayaningsih P, Samaan G, Putra AA, Dibia N, et al. Avian influenza A H5N1 infections in Bali Province Indonesia: a behavioral, virological and seroepidemiological study. Influenza and Others Respiratory Viruses. 2009; 3(3): 81 ̶ 9.

  13. Kayali G, Webby RJ, Xiong X, Sherif LS, El-Ghafar

  2012; 9: 151.

  12. Pawar SD, Kale AD, Rawankar AS, Koratkar SS, Raut CG, Pande SA, et al. Avian influenza surveillance rveals presence of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in poultry during 2009-2011 in the West Bengal State, India. Virology Journal.

  11. Biswas PK, Christensen JP, Ahmed SS, Das A, Rahman MH, dkk. Risk for infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) in backyard chickens, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15(12):1931 ̶ 6.

  Sekolah Pascasarjana [tesis]. Institut Pertanian Bogor. 2010.

  10. R. Wiwin Ika Indriyati. Performa Komunikasi Resiko Dalam Upaya Penanggulangan dan Pencegahan Avian Influenza (Kasus Penanganan dan Pengendalian di Kabupaten Tangerang Banen).

  9. Risa I, Dharmayanti NLPI, Adjid RMA. Tingkat proteksi beberapa vaksin avian influenza unggas terhadap infeksi isolat virus lapang A/chicken/West Java/Smi-Pat/2006 dan A/chicken/West Java/Smi- Mae/2008 pada kondisi laboratorium. JITV. 2011; 16(2):153 ̶ 61.

  2011;30(3):117 ̶ 24.

  Cetakan keenam. Pustaka Jaya. 2011 8. Khairiyah. Zoonosis dan upaya pencegahannya (kasus Sumatera Utara). Jurnal Litbang Pertanian.

  7. A. Chaedar Alwasilah. Pokoknya Kualitatif.

  6. Budi Winarno. Kebijakan Publik, Teori, Proses dan Studi Kasus. CAPS. Yogyakarta. 2012.

  5. Peraturan Bupati Bogor Tentang Intensifikasi Penanganan dan Pengendalian Virus Flu Burung/Avian Influenza (AI) di Kabupaten Bogor.

  H5N1 virus in Indonesia: Human infection and the role of live bird markets. National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Doctor of Philosophy [thesis]. Canberra: The Australian National University; 2011.

  The efficacy of implementation policy of poultry caging in IV sector needs sufficient time. Proven since year 2007 at released by Regulation of Regent concerning poultry caging in IV sector till in this time (year 2012), the amount of respondents do not pen their poultry. ^6-9 According to the research which conducted by Pei Chun Kuo, et al., livestock sector has most effect on AI infection. Result of their active surveilans are quill aviculture hast the highest risk of AI about 1,6%. Industrial livestock (sector I-III) equal to 0,2% risk of AI and IV sector generate lowest risk equal to 0,05%. The mentioned as according to Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) that AI antibody titer of poultry in sector I-III is higher than sector IV. ^9-13 Risk factors of AI in sector IV are wild bird and poultry irrigate like parroting, goose and duck. So, we prevent AI infection in IV sector by demarcation of kampong chicken and wild bird. Poultry pursuant to perception of researcher, Bogor sub-province society looking after kampong chicken do not have risk factor for AI so that AI case can be depressed. ¹⁴ To prevent AI case in IV sector, The society have to be socialized to hit AI case especially in April.

  Tersedia dari:http://www.fao.org/ag/AGAinfo/resources/en/ publication/sector_discusPP_Nr9_Final.Pdf 3. Samaan G. Towards control of avian influenza

  2. Otte MJ, Nuggent R, McLeod A, Transboundary Animal Diseases: Assessment of Socio Economic Impact and Institutional Response. Livestock Policy Discusison Paper No 9. [diunduh 30 Mei 2012].

  30 Mei 2012]. Tersedia dari : http:html

  World Health Organization. Avian Influenza H5N1 Infection In Humans: Urgent Need To Eliminate The Animal Reservoir - Update 5. 2004 [diunduh

  References 1.

  Hadyana from Faculty of Medicine University Padjadjaran for a critical reading of the Manuscript and the constructive comments on data presentation are also gratefully acknowledged.

  We are grateful to Ministry of National Development Planning of Republic Indonesia for the research grant. Professor Ridad Agoes and Mr.

  Aknowledgements

  behaviors in the society also have to make a regulation on poultry industrial sector for comprehensively resolve the Avian Influenza cases.

  Avian Influenza needs to be improved health

  Regulation of Bogor District no 16 year 2007 have not been implemented by the society. To prevent

  Conclusion and Suggestions

  By alert society and listen carefully facing it by caging poultry, including poultry irrigate in April, environmental keep cleaning with spraying of desinfection and listen carefully if there is ill chicken and immediately locked out of by otorinary veterinary and mentioned health chicken conducted to prevent contact between poultry with AI virus residing in environment. Rest, if officer on duty Livestock and Fishery decide that environmental situation have is peaceful, poultry can be released again. ^15-17

  E, Ali MA. Prospective study of avian influenza transmission to humans in Egypt. BMC Public Health. 2010;10: 685. JHECDs Vol. 2, No. 2, Desember 2016

  14. Ahmed SS, Ersboll AK, Biswas PK, Christensen JP, Hannan AS, Toft N. Ecological determinants of highly pathogenic (H5N1) outbreaks in Bangladesh.

  PloS One. 2012; 7(3):e33938.

  15. Soares Magalhaes RJ, Pfeiffer DU, Otte J. Evaluating the control of HPAIV H5N1 in Vietnam: virus transmission within infected flocks reported before and after vaccination. BMC Veterinary Research.2010;6:31 16. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2008a.

  Spread of Avian Influenza Viruses Among Birds. [Diunduh:

  27 Mei]. Tersedia dari

  17. Phei Cun Kuo, Jiun Hau Huang and Ming Der Liu.

  Avian Influenza Risk Perception and Preventive Behaviour Among Traditional Market Workers and Shoppers in Taiwan: Practical Implication for Prevention. PloS One. 2011; 6(9)e 24157.