T B.ING 1201623 Table of content
Table of Contents
Approval sheet
Declaration …………………………………………………………………
i
………………………………………………………
ii
Abstract …………………………………………………………………….
iii
Table of contents …………………………………………………………..
iv
List of Tables ……………………………………………………………….
viii
CHAPTER I INTRUCTION………………………………………………..
1
1.1 Background of this Study …………………………………………
1
1.2 Research questions …………………………………………………
3
1.3 Research objectives ………………………………………………..
3
1.4 The Scope of the study …………………………………………….
3
1.5 Significance of the study…………………………………………….
4
Acknowledgements
1.6 Definition of Key Term ……………………………………………….. 5
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ……………………………..……
6
2.1 Corrective Feedback ………………………….…………………...
6
2.1.1
Issues Concerning Corrective Feedback ……………………
7
2.1.2
Principles for Corrective Feedback …………………………
13
2.1.3
Types of Oral Corrective Feedback…………………………
15
………………………………………………..
16
…………………………………..
17
……………………………………….......
18
2.1.3.4 Metalingustic Feedback ………………………………
20
………………………………..
21
2.1.3.6 Repetition
……………………………………………
22
2.1.3.7 Translation
…………………………………………..
23
2.1.4
Uptake …………………………………………………….
24
2.1.5
Types of Uptake
………………………………………….
26
2.1.3.1 Recast
2.1.3.2 Explicit Correction
2.1.3.3 Elicitation
2.1.3.5 Clarification Request
Eri Subekti, 2016
TEACHER ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN A NON-FORMAL ADULT EFL CONVERSATION CLASS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.1.6
Error ………………………………………………………
30
2.1.7
Types of Error …………………………………………….
31
2.1.8
Error Treatment Sequence
……………………………….
33
2.2 Non-Formal Education ………………………..…………………..
35
2.3 Characteristics of Adult Learners…………………………………...
36
2.4 Corrective Feedback of Teaching Speaking to Adult in Non-Formal
Education …………………………………………………………
38
2.5 Previous Studies …………………………………………………..
39
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY …………………………………………
42
3.1 Research design …………………………………………………….
42
3.2 Research Site and Participants ……………………………………
43
3.3 Data Collection Techniques …………………..……………………
45
3.3.1
Observation ………….……………………………………
46
3.3.2
Stimulated Recall Interview ..……………………………..
47
3.4 Data analysis ………………………………………………………..
49
3.4.1
Analyzing the Data from Audio and Video Recordings .…
49
3.4.2
Analyzing the Data from Stimulated Recall Interview ... ..…
52
…………………………………………………………..
53
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION ……………………………
54
3.5 Validity
4.1 Types of Teacher’s Oral Corrective Feedback and Their Distribution
54
4.1.1 Recast ………..…………………………………………….
56
………………………………………..
57
4.1.3 Elicitation ………………………………………………….
58
…………………………………..
60
……………………………………..
61
…………………………………………………
62
4.1.7 Translation …………………………………………………
62
4.1.2 Explicit Correction
4.1.4 Metalinguistic Feedback
4.1.5 Clarification Request
4.1.6 Repetition
4.2 Implementation of Teacher’s Oral Corrective Feedback and Students’
Uptake
4.2.1
………………………………………………..………..…
63
The Implementation of Recast ……………………………
64
Eri Subekti, 2016
TEACHER ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN A NON-FORMAL ADULT EFL CONVERSATION CLASS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.2.2
4.2.1.1 The Implementation of Recast on Grammatical Error
66
4.2.1.2 The Implementation of Recast on Lexical Error ….
73
4.2.1.3 The Implementation of Recast on Phonological Error
77
The Implementation of Explicit Correction ……………….
78
4.2.2.1The Implementation of Explicit Correction on Grammatical
Error ………………………………………………………
80
4.2.2.2 The Implementation of Explicit Correction on Lexical Error
……………………………………………………………..
82
4.2.2.3 The Implementation of Explicit Correction on Phonological
4.2.3
Error ………………………………………………………
85
……………………….
86
The Implementation of Elicitation
4.2.3.1 The Implementation of Elicitation on Grammatical Error
……………………………………………………………..
88
4.2.3.2 The Implementation of Elicitation on Lexical Error..
91
4.2.3.3 The Implementation of Elicitation on Phonological Error
4.2.4
……………………………………………………………….
94
The Implementation of Metalinguistic Feedback …………
95
4.2.4.1 The Implementation of Metalinguistic Feedback on
Grammatical Error ………………………………………..
96
4.2.4.2 The Implementation of Metalinguistic Feedback on Lexical
4.2.5
Error ………………………………………………………
99
………........
102
The Implementation of Clarification Request
4.2.5.1 The Implementation of Clarification Request on
Grammatical Error ………………………………………..
103
4.2.5.2 The Implementation of Clarification Request on Lexical
Error ………………………………………………………
105
4.2.5.3 The Implementation of Clarification Request on
4.2.6
Phonological Error ………………………………………..
107
The Implementation of Repetition ………………………..
108
Eri Subekti, 2016
TEACHER ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN A NON-FORMAL ADULT EFL CONVERSATION CLASS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.2.6.1 The Implementation of Repetition on Grammatical Error
………………………………………………………………
109
4.2.6.2 The Implementation of Repetition on Lexical Error
………………………………………………………………
112
4.2.6.3 The Implementation of Repetition on Phonological Error
………………………………………………………………
113
The Implementation of Translation ……………………….
113
4.2.7.1 The Implementation of Translation on Lexical Error
115
4.3 Discussion …………………………………………………………
116
CHAPTER V …………………………………………………………
122
5.1 Conclusion …………………………………………………………
122
5.2 Recommendation ………………..………………………………..
123
………..………………………………………..………….…
125
4.2.7
References
Appendices …………………………………………………………………. 136
Eri Subekti, 2016
TEACHER ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN A NON-FORMAL ADULT EFL CONVERSATION CLASS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
List of Tables
Table 2.1 Types of Oral Corrective Feedback from Lyster and Ranta (1997),
Ellis (2009), and Panova and Lyster (2002) ..……….……………………..
15
………….
24
..………………………………………..
46
Table 3.2 Categorization of Oral Corrective Feedback ..…………………
50
………..
51
Table 2.2 Types of Oral Corrective Feedback by Ellis (2009)
Table 3.1 Observation Schedule
Table 3.3 Table Design for the Distribution of Feedback Types
Table 3.4 Table Design for the Distribution of Types of Error Followed by
Corrective Feedback ………………………………………………………
52
Table 4.1 Distribution of Oral Corrective Feedback …..……………….….
54
Table 4.2 Table of Error Types Followed by Oral Corrective Feedback …..
63
…………….
65
Table 4.4 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on Recast ………..
65
…...
67
…………
73
Table 4.7 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on Explicit Correction ...
78
Table 4.8 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on Explicit Correction
79
Table 4.3 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on Recast
Table 4.5 Table Distribution of Grammatical Error Types on Recast
Table 4.6 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on Recast
Table 4.9 Table Distribution of Grammatical Error Types on
Explicit Correction ………..………………………………………………
80
Table 4.10 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on Explicit Correction
83
Table 4.11 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on Elicitation ..……….
86
Table 4.12 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on Elicitation ..….
87
Table 4.13 Table Distribution of Grammatical Error Types on Elicitation
88
……
92
Metalinguistic Feedback ………..…………………………………………
95
Table 4.14 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on Elicitation
Table 4.15 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on
Eri Subekti, 2016
TEACHER ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN A NON-FORMAL ADULT EFL CONVERSATION CLASS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Table 4.16 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on
Metalinguistic Feedback ……….…………………………………………
95
Table 4.17 Table Distribution of Grammatical Error Types on
Metalinguistic Feedback ……….…………………………………………
97
Table 4.18 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on
Metalinguistic Feedback ……….…………………………………………
100
Table 4.19 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on Clarification Request
102
Table 4.20 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on
Clarification Request ………..…………………………………………….
103
Table 4.21 Table Distribution of Grammatical Error Types on
Clarification Request ………………………………………………………
104
Table 4.22 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on
Clarification Request ………………………………………………………
106
……....
108
….
109
Table 4.23 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on Repetition
Table 4.24 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on Repetition
Table 4.25 Table Distribution of Grammatical Error Types on Repetition
110
……
112
Table 4.27 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on Translation ………
114
Table 4.28 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on Translation
…
114
Table 4.29 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on Translation
…..
115
……..
120
Table 4.26 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on Repetition
Table 4.30 Repair Moves Following Different Types of Feedback
Eri Subekti, 2016
TEACHER ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN A NON-FORMAL ADULT EFL CONVERSATION CLASS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Approval sheet
Declaration …………………………………………………………………
i
………………………………………………………
ii
Abstract …………………………………………………………………….
iii
Table of contents …………………………………………………………..
iv
List of Tables ……………………………………………………………….
viii
CHAPTER I INTRUCTION………………………………………………..
1
1.1 Background of this Study …………………………………………
1
1.2 Research questions …………………………………………………
3
1.3 Research objectives ………………………………………………..
3
1.4 The Scope of the study …………………………………………….
3
1.5 Significance of the study…………………………………………….
4
Acknowledgements
1.6 Definition of Key Term ……………………………………………….. 5
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ……………………………..……
6
2.1 Corrective Feedback ………………………….…………………...
6
2.1.1
Issues Concerning Corrective Feedback ……………………
7
2.1.2
Principles for Corrective Feedback …………………………
13
2.1.3
Types of Oral Corrective Feedback…………………………
15
………………………………………………..
16
…………………………………..
17
……………………………………….......
18
2.1.3.4 Metalingustic Feedback ………………………………
20
………………………………..
21
2.1.3.6 Repetition
……………………………………………
22
2.1.3.7 Translation
…………………………………………..
23
2.1.4
Uptake …………………………………………………….
24
2.1.5
Types of Uptake
………………………………………….
26
2.1.3.1 Recast
2.1.3.2 Explicit Correction
2.1.3.3 Elicitation
2.1.3.5 Clarification Request
Eri Subekti, 2016
TEACHER ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN A NON-FORMAL ADULT EFL CONVERSATION CLASS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.1.6
Error ………………………………………………………
30
2.1.7
Types of Error …………………………………………….
31
2.1.8
Error Treatment Sequence
……………………………….
33
2.2 Non-Formal Education ………………………..…………………..
35
2.3 Characteristics of Adult Learners…………………………………...
36
2.4 Corrective Feedback of Teaching Speaking to Adult in Non-Formal
Education …………………………………………………………
38
2.5 Previous Studies …………………………………………………..
39
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY …………………………………………
42
3.1 Research design …………………………………………………….
42
3.2 Research Site and Participants ……………………………………
43
3.3 Data Collection Techniques …………………..……………………
45
3.3.1
Observation ………….……………………………………
46
3.3.2
Stimulated Recall Interview ..……………………………..
47
3.4 Data analysis ………………………………………………………..
49
3.4.1
Analyzing the Data from Audio and Video Recordings .…
49
3.4.2
Analyzing the Data from Stimulated Recall Interview ... ..…
52
…………………………………………………………..
53
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION ……………………………
54
3.5 Validity
4.1 Types of Teacher’s Oral Corrective Feedback and Their Distribution
54
4.1.1 Recast ………..…………………………………………….
56
………………………………………..
57
4.1.3 Elicitation ………………………………………………….
58
…………………………………..
60
……………………………………..
61
…………………………………………………
62
4.1.7 Translation …………………………………………………
62
4.1.2 Explicit Correction
4.1.4 Metalinguistic Feedback
4.1.5 Clarification Request
4.1.6 Repetition
4.2 Implementation of Teacher’s Oral Corrective Feedback and Students’
Uptake
4.2.1
………………………………………………..………..…
63
The Implementation of Recast ……………………………
64
Eri Subekti, 2016
TEACHER ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN A NON-FORMAL ADULT EFL CONVERSATION CLASS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.2.2
4.2.1.1 The Implementation of Recast on Grammatical Error
66
4.2.1.2 The Implementation of Recast on Lexical Error ….
73
4.2.1.3 The Implementation of Recast on Phonological Error
77
The Implementation of Explicit Correction ……………….
78
4.2.2.1The Implementation of Explicit Correction on Grammatical
Error ………………………………………………………
80
4.2.2.2 The Implementation of Explicit Correction on Lexical Error
……………………………………………………………..
82
4.2.2.3 The Implementation of Explicit Correction on Phonological
4.2.3
Error ………………………………………………………
85
……………………….
86
The Implementation of Elicitation
4.2.3.1 The Implementation of Elicitation on Grammatical Error
……………………………………………………………..
88
4.2.3.2 The Implementation of Elicitation on Lexical Error..
91
4.2.3.3 The Implementation of Elicitation on Phonological Error
4.2.4
……………………………………………………………….
94
The Implementation of Metalinguistic Feedback …………
95
4.2.4.1 The Implementation of Metalinguistic Feedback on
Grammatical Error ………………………………………..
96
4.2.4.2 The Implementation of Metalinguistic Feedback on Lexical
4.2.5
Error ………………………………………………………
99
………........
102
The Implementation of Clarification Request
4.2.5.1 The Implementation of Clarification Request on
Grammatical Error ………………………………………..
103
4.2.5.2 The Implementation of Clarification Request on Lexical
Error ………………………………………………………
105
4.2.5.3 The Implementation of Clarification Request on
4.2.6
Phonological Error ………………………………………..
107
The Implementation of Repetition ………………………..
108
Eri Subekti, 2016
TEACHER ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN A NON-FORMAL ADULT EFL CONVERSATION CLASS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.2.6.1 The Implementation of Repetition on Grammatical Error
………………………………………………………………
109
4.2.6.2 The Implementation of Repetition on Lexical Error
………………………………………………………………
112
4.2.6.3 The Implementation of Repetition on Phonological Error
………………………………………………………………
113
The Implementation of Translation ……………………….
113
4.2.7.1 The Implementation of Translation on Lexical Error
115
4.3 Discussion …………………………………………………………
116
CHAPTER V …………………………………………………………
122
5.1 Conclusion …………………………………………………………
122
5.2 Recommendation ………………..………………………………..
123
………..………………………………………..………….…
125
4.2.7
References
Appendices …………………………………………………………………. 136
Eri Subekti, 2016
TEACHER ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN A NON-FORMAL ADULT EFL CONVERSATION CLASS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
List of Tables
Table 2.1 Types of Oral Corrective Feedback from Lyster and Ranta (1997),
Ellis (2009), and Panova and Lyster (2002) ..……….……………………..
15
………….
24
..………………………………………..
46
Table 3.2 Categorization of Oral Corrective Feedback ..…………………
50
………..
51
Table 2.2 Types of Oral Corrective Feedback by Ellis (2009)
Table 3.1 Observation Schedule
Table 3.3 Table Design for the Distribution of Feedback Types
Table 3.4 Table Design for the Distribution of Types of Error Followed by
Corrective Feedback ………………………………………………………
52
Table 4.1 Distribution of Oral Corrective Feedback …..……………….….
54
Table 4.2 Table of Error Types Followed by Oral Corrective Feedback …..
63
…………….
65
Table 4.4 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on Recast ………..
65
…...
67
…………
73
Table 4.7 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on Explicit Correction ...
78
Table 4.8 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on Explicit Correction
79
Table 4.3 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on Recast
Table 4.5 Table Distribution of Grammatical Error Types on Recast
Table 4.6 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on Recast
Table 4.9 Table Distribution of Grammatical Error Types on
Explicit Correction ………..………………………………………………
80
Table 4.10 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on Explicit Correction
83
Table 4.11 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on Elicitation ..……….
86
Table 4.12 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on Elicitation ..….
87
Table 4.13 Table Distribution of Grammatical Error Types on Elicitation
88
……
92
Metalinguistic Feedback ………..…………………………………………
95
Table 4.14 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on Elicitation
Table 4.15 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on
Eri Subekti, 2016
TEACHER ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN A NON-FORMAL ADULT EFL CONVERSATION CLASS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Table 4.16 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on
Metalinguistic Feedback ……….…………………………………………
95
Table 4.17 Table Distribution of Grammatical Error Types on
Metalinguistic Feedback ……….…………………………………………
97
Table 4.18 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on
Metalinguistic Feedback ……….…………………………………………
100
Table 4.19 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on Clarification Request
102
Table 4.20 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on
Clarification Request ………..…………………………………………….
103
Table 4.21 Table Distribution of Grammatical Error Types on
Clarification Request ………………………………………………………
104
Table 4.22 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on
Clarification Request ………………………………………………………
106
……....
108
….
109
Table 4.23 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on Repetition
Table 4.24 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on Repetition
Table 4.25 Table Distribution of Grammatical Error Types on Repetition
110
……
112
Table 4.27 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on Translation ………
114
Table 4.28 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on Translation
…
114
Table 4.29 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on Translation
…..
115
……..
120
Table 4.26 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on Repetition
Table 4.30 Repair Moves Following Different Types of Feedback
Eri Subekti, 2016
TEACHER ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN A NON-FORMAL ADULT EFL CONVERSATION CLASS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu