Penambahan Nilai Fraksi Ejeksi Ventrikel Kiri pada Skor Grace Sebagai Prediktor Kejadian Kardiovaskuler Mayor Pada Pasien Infark Miokardium Akut Non Elevasi Segmen ST
50
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abu-Assi E, Ferreira-Gonzalez E,Heras M, Ribera A, Bueno H, Marsal J, et al.
2010. Do GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary events) risk scores
still maintain their performance for predicting mortality in the era of
contemporary management of acute coronary syndromes? American Heart
Journal. 160 (5): 826-834.
Alter DA, Venkatesh V, Chong A. 2006. Evaluating the performance of the Global
Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk-adjustment index across
socioeconomic strata among patients discharged from the hospital after
acute myocardial infarction. American Heart Journal. 151: 323-31.
American Council on Exercise. Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factor Threshold.
http://www.acefitness.org/pdfs/ASCM-CAD-Risk-Factor-Chart.pdf
(diakses pada 23 Februari 2016).
Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, Casey Jr. DE, Ganiats TG, Holmes Jr.
DE, et al. 2014. 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients
With Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Executive Summary.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
Aragam KG, Tamhane UU, Kline-Rogers E, Li J, Fox KA, Goodman SG, et al.
2009. Does simplicity compromise accuracy in ACS risk prediction? A
retrospective analysis of the TIMI and GRACE risk scores. Public Library
of Science. 4(11); 7947.
Arora G, Morss AM, Piazza G, Ryan JW, Dinwoodey DL, Rofsky NM, et al. 2010.
Differences in left ventricular ejection fraction using teichholtz formula and
volumetric methods by CMR: implications for patient stratification and
selection of therapy. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 12 (
Suppl 1): 202.
Barthel P, Wensel R, Bauer A, Muller A, Wolf P, Ulm K, et al. 2013. Respiratory
rate predicts outcome after acute myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort
study. European Heart Journal. 34: 1644-1650.
Bedetti G, Gargani L, Sicari R, Gianfaldoni ML, Molinaro S, Picano E. 2010.
Comparison of Prognostic Value of Echocardiographic Risk Score With
The Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) and Global Registry in
Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) Risk Score in Acute Coronary Syndrome.
American Journal of Cardiology. 106: 1709-1716.
Bradshaw PJ, Ko DT, Newman AM, Donovan LR. 2006. Validity of the GRACE
(Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) acute coronary syndrome
prediction model for 6-month postdischarge death in an independent data
set. Heart. 92: 905-9.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
51
Braunwald E, Bo now RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby, P. 2012. Braunwald's Heart
Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Edisi 9. Philadelphia:
Elsevier Saunders.
Bursi F, Enriquez-Sarano M, Jacobsen SJ, Roger VL. 2006. Mitral regurgitation
after myocardial infarction: A review. New England Journal of Medicine.
119: 103.
Chandra. 2012. Composite risk scores for acute coronary syndromes. Indian Heart
Journal 270-272.
Chang H, Min JK, Rao SV, Patel MR, Simonetti OP, Ambrosio G, et al. 2012.
Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Targeted Imaging
to Refine Upstream Risk Stratification. Circulation. Cardiovascular
Imaging 5: 536-546.
Cheitlin MD, Armstrong WF, Aurigemma GP, Beller GA, Bierman FZ, Davis JL.
2003. ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 Guideline Update for the Clinical Application
of Echocardiography. Journal of the American College Of Cardiology.
Curtis JP, Sokol SI, Wang Y, Rathore SS, Ko DT, Jadbabaie F, et al. 2003. The
association of left ventricular ejection fraction, mortality, and cause of death
in stable outpatients with heart failure. Journal of American College
Cardiology 42 (4): 736-742.
Dahlan, MS. 2005. Statistik Untuk Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. Edisi 5. Jakarta:
Penerbit Salemba Medika.
De Araujo Gonçalves P, Ferreira J, Aguiar C, Seabra-Gomes R. 2005. TIMI,
PURSUIT, and GRACE risk scores: sustained prognostic value and
interaction with revascularization in NSTEACS. European Heart Journal.
26: 865-72.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2008. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta:
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Departemen Kesehatan Republik
Indonesia.
Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A, Filippatos G, McMurray JJV, Ponikowski P, PooleWIlson PA, et al. 2008. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of
acute and chronic heart failure European Heart Journal. 29:2388-2442.
Elbarouni B, Goodman SG, Yan RT, Welsh RC, Kornder JM, Deyoung JP, et al.
2009. Validation of the global registry of acute coronary event (GRACE)
risk score for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome
in Canada. American Heart Journal. 158: 392-9.
Fox KA, Dabbous OH, Goldberg RJ, Pieper KS, Eagle KA, Van de Werf F, et al.
2006. Prediction of risk of death and myocardial infarction in the six months
after presentation with acute coronary syndrome: prospective multinational
observational study (GRACE). British Medical Journal . 333:1091.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
52
Gale CP, Manda SO, Weston CF, Birkhead JS, Batin PD, Hall AS. 2009.
Evaluation of risk scores for risk stratification of acute coronary syndromes
in the Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project (MINAP) database.
Heart. 95: 221-7.
Goncalves PA, Ferreira J, Aguiar C, Seabra-Gomes R. 2005. TIMI, PURSUIT, and
GRACE risk scores: sustained prognostic value and interaction with
revascularization. European Heart Journal. 26: 865-872.
Granger CB, Goldberg RJ, Dabbous O, Pieper KS, Eagle KA, Cannon CP, et al.
2003. Predictor of Hospital Mortality in the Global Registry of Acute
Coronary Events. Archive Internal Medicine . 163: 2345-2353.
Guler E, Gecmen C, Guler GB, Karaca O, Agus HZ, Gunes HM. 2013. Adding
lipoprotein(a) levels to the GRACE score to predict prognosis in patients
with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome. Kardiologia Polska 71
(7): 695-701. doi:DOI: 10.5603/KP.2013.0156.
Hamm CW, Bassand JP, Agewall S, Bax J, Boersma E, Bueno H, et al. 2011. ESC
guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients
presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. European Heart
Journal. 32: 2999-3054.
Herzog E, Chaudhry F. 2009. Echocardiography in Acute Coronary Syndrome.
London: Springer.
Irmalita, Juzar DA, Andrianto, Setianto BY, Tobing DPL, Firman D. 2015.
Pedoman Tatalaksana Sindrom Koroner Akut. Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta:
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia.
Kobayashi A, Misumida N, Fox JT, Kanei Y. 2015. Prognostic Value of Left
Ventricular End-Diastolik Pressure in Patients With Non-ST-Segment
Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Cardiology Respiration. 6: 301-305.
Liu XL, Wan ZF, Zhao N, Zhang YP, Mi L, Wang XH. 2015. Adjustment of the
GRACE score by HemoglobinA1c enables a more accurate prediction
of long-term major adverse cardiac events in acute coronary syndrome
without diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
Cardiovascular Diabetology. 14 (110).
Multicenter Postinfarction Research Group. 1983. Risk stratification and survival
after myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine. 309 (6):
331-336.
Nesto RW, Kowalchuk GJ. 1987. The ischemic cascade: temporal sequence of
hemodynamic, electrocardiographic and symptomatic expressions of
ischemia. American Journal of Cardiology. 59 (7): C23-C30.
Otterstad JE. 2002 . Measuring left ventricular volume and ejection fraction with
the biplane Simpson’s method. Heart. 88 (6): 559-560.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
53
Rimington H, Chambers JB. 2007. Echocardiography: A Practical Guide To
Reporting. London: Informa UK.
Roffi M, Patrono C, Collet JP, Valgimigli M, Mueller C, Andreotti F, et al. 2015.
2015 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in
patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. European
Heart Journal.
Scirica BM. 2010. Acute Coronary Syndrome: Emerging Tools for Diagnosis and
Risk Assessment. Journal of The American College of Cardiology. 55:
1403-1415. doi:doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.09.071.
Singh M, Reeder GS, Jacobsen JS, Weston S, Killian J, Roger VL. 2002. Scores
for Post–Myocardial Infarction Risk Stratification in the Community.
Circulation. 106: 2309-2314.
Vartdal T, Brunvand H, Pettersen E, Smith HJ, Lyseggen E, Helle-Valle T, et al.
2007. Early prediction of infarct size by strain Doppler echocardiography
after coronary reperfusion. Journal of American College Cardiology. 49:
1715.
Wong SP, French JK, Lydon AM, Manda SO, Gao W, Ashton NG, et al. 2004.
Relation of left ventricular sphericity to 10-year survival after acute
myocardial infarction. American Journal of Cardiology. 94: 1270.
Yan AT, Jong P, Yan RT, Fitchett D, Chow CM, Roe MT, et al. 2004. Clinical
trial-derived risk model may not generalize to real-world patients with acute
coronary syndrome. American Heart Journal. 148: 1020-7.
Yan AT, Yan RT, Tan M, Casanova A, Labinaz M, Sridha K, et al. 2007. Risk
scores for risk stratification in acute coronary syndromes: useful but simpler
is not necessarily better. European Heart Journal. 28: 1072-8.
Zorzi A, Turri R, Zilio F, Spadotto V, Baritussio A, Peruzza F. 2015. At-admission
risk stratification for in-hospital life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and
death in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction patients. European Heart
Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care. 3 (4): 304-312.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abu-Assi E, Ferreira-Gonzalez E,Heras M, Ribera A, Bueno H, Marsal J, et al.
2010. Do GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary events) risk scores
still maintain their performance for predicting mortality in the era of
contemporary management of acute coronary syndromes? American Heart
Journal. 160 (5): 826-834.
Alter DA, Venkatesh V, Chong A. 2006. Evaluating the performance of the Global
Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk-adjustment index across
socioeconomic strata among patients discharged from the hospital after
acute myocardial infarction. American Heart Journal. 151: 323-31.
American Council on Exercise. Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factor Threshold.
http://www.acefitness.org/pdfs/ASCM-CAD-Risk-Factor-Chart.pdf
(diakses pada 23 Februari 2016).
Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, Casey Jr. DE, Ganiats TG, Holmes Jr.
DE, et al. 2014. 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients
With Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Executive Summary.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
Aragam KG, Tamhane UU, Kline-Rogers E, Li J, Fox KA, Goodman SG, et al.
2009. Does simplicity compromise accuracy in ACS risk prediction? A
retrospective analysis of the TIMI and GRACE risk scores. Public Library
of Science. 4(11); 7947.
Arora G, Morss AM, Piazza G, Ryan JW, Dinwoodey DL, Rofsky NM, et al. 2010.
Differences in left ventricular ejection fraction using teichholtz formula and
volumetric methods by CMR: implications for patient stratification and
selection of therapy. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 12 (
Suppl 1): 202.
Barthel P, Wensel R, Bauer A, Muller A, Wolf P, Ulm K, et al. 2013. Respiratory
rate predicts outcome after acute myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort
study. European Heart Journal. 34: 1644-1650.
Bedetti G, Gargani L, Sicari R, Gianfaldoni ML, Molinaro S, Picano E. 2010.
Comparison of Prognostic Value of Echocardiographic Risk Score With
The Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) and Global Registry in
Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) Risk Score in Acute Coronary Syndrome.
American Journal of Cardiology. 106: 1709-1716.
Bradshaw PJ, Ko DT, Newman AM, Donovan LR. 2006. Validity of the GRACE
(Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) acute coronary syndrome
prediction model for 6-month postdischarge death in an independent data
set. Heart. 92: 905-9.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
51
Braunwald E, Bo now RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby, P. 2012. Braunwald's Heart
Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Edisi 9. Philadelphia:
Elsevier Saunders.
Bursi F, Enriquez-Sarano M, Jacobsen SJ, Roger VL. 2006. Mitral regurgitation
after myocardial infarction: A review. New England Journal of Medicine.
119: 103.
Chandra. 2012. Composite risk scores for acute coronary syndromes. Indian Heart
Journal 270-272.
Chang H, Min JK, Rao SV, Patel MR, Simonetti OP, Ambrosio G, et al. 2012.
Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Targeted Imaging
to Refine Upstream Risk Stratification. Circulation. Cardiovascular
Imaging 5: 536-546.
Cheitlin MD, Armstrong WF, Aurigemma GP, Beller GA, Bierman FZ, Davis JL.
2003. ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 Guideline Update for the Clinical Application
of Echocardiography. Journal of the American College Of Cardiology.
Curtis JP, Sokol SI, Wang Y, Rathore SS, Ko DT, Jadbabaie F, et al. 2003. The
association of left ventricular ejection fraction, mortality, and cause of death
in stable outpatients with heart failure. Journal of American College
Cardiology 42 (4): 736-742.
Dahlan, MS. 2005. Statistik Untuk Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. Edisi 5. Jakarta:
Penerbit Salemba Medika.
De Araujo Gonçalves P, Ferreira J, Aguiar C, Seabra-Gomes R. 2005. TIMI,
PURSUIT, and GRACE risk scores: sustained prognostic value and
interaction with revascularization in NSTEACS. European Heart Journal.
26: 865-72.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2008. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta:
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Departemen Kesehatan Republik
Indonesia.
Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A, Filippatos G, McMurray JJV, Ponikowski P, PooleWIlson PA, et al. 2008. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of
acute and chronic heart failure European Heart Journal. 29:2388-2442.
Elbarouni B, Goodman SG, Yan RT, Welsh RC, Kornder JM, Deyoung JP, et al.
2009. Validation of the global registry of acute coronary event (GRACE)
risk score for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome
in Canada. American Heart Journal. 158: 392-9.
Fox KA, Dabbous OH, Goldberg RJ, Pieper KS, Eagle KA, Van de Werf F, et al.
2006. Prediction of risk of death and myocardial infarction in the six months
after presentation with acute coronary syndrome: prospective multinational
observational study (GRACE). British Medical Journal . 333:1091.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
52
Gale CP, Manda SO, Weston CF, Birkhead JS, Batin PD, Hall AS. 2009.
Evaluation of risk scores for risk stratification of acute coronary syndromes
in the Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project (MINAP) database.
Heart. 95: 221-7.
Goncalves PA, Ferreira J, Aguiar C, Seabra-Gomes R. 2005. TIMI, PURSUIT, and
GRACE risk scores: sustained prognostic value and interaction with
revascularization. European Heart Journal. 26: 865-872.
Granger CB, Goldberg RJ, Dabbous O, Pieper KS, Eagle KA, Cannon CP, et al.
2003. Predictor of Hospital Mortality in the Global Registry of Acute
Coronary Events. Archive Internal Medicine . 163: 2345-2353.
Guler E, Gecmen C, Guler GB, Karaca O, Agus HZ, Gunes HM. 2013. Adding
lipoprotein(a) levels to the GRACE score to predict prognosis in patients
with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome. Kardiologia Polska 71
(7): 695-701. doi:DOI: 10.5603/KP.2013.0156.
Hamm CW, Bassand JP, Agewall S, Bax J, Boersma E, Bueno H, et al. 2011. ESC
guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients
presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. European Heart
Journal. 32: 2999-3054.
Herzog E, Chaudhry F. 2009. Echocardiography in Acute Coronary Syndrome.
London: Springer.
Irmalita, Juzar DA, Andrianto, Setianto BY, Tobing DPL, Firman D. 2015.
Pedoman Tatalaksana Sindrom Koroner Akut. Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta:
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia.
Kobayashi A, Misumida N, Fox JT, Kanei Y. 2015. Prognostic Value of Left
Ventricular End-Diastolik Pressure in Patients With Non-ST-Segment
Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Cardiology Respiration. 6: 301-305.
Liu XL, Wan ZF, Zhao N, Zhang YP, Mi L, Wang XH. 2015. Adjustment of the
GRACE score by HemoglobinA1c enables a more accurate prediction
of long-term major adverse cardiac events in acute coronary syndrome
without diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
Cardiovascular Diabetology. 14 (110).
Multicenter Postinfarction Research Group. 1983. Risk stratification and survival
after myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine. 309 (6):
331-336.
Nesto RW, Kowalchuk GJ. 1987. The ischemic cascade: temporal sequence of
hemodynamic, electrocardiographic and symptomatic expressions of
ischemia. American Journal of Cardiology. 59 (7): C23-C30.
Otterstad JE. 2002 . Measuring left ventricular volume and ejection fraction with
the biplane Simpson’s method. Heart. 88 (6): 559-560.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
53
Rimington H, Chambers JB. 2007. Echocardiography: A Practical Guide To
Reporting. London: Informa UK.
Roffi M, Patrono C, Collet JP, Valgimigli M, Mueller C, Andreotti F, et al. 2015.
2015 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in
patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. European
Heart Journal.
Scirica BM. 2010. Acute Coronary Syndrome: Emerging Tools for Diagnosis and
Risk Assessment. Journal of The American College of Cardiology. 55:
1403-1415. doi:doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.09.071.
Singh M, Reeder GS, Jacobsen JS, Weston S, Killian J, Roger VL. 2002. Scores
for Post–Myocardial Infarction Risk Stratification in the Community.
Circulation. 106: 2309-2314.
Vartdal T, Brunvand H, Pettersen E, Smith HJ, Lyseggen E, Helle-Valle T, et al.
2007. Early prediction of infarct size by strain Doppler echocardiography
after coronary reperfusion. Journal of American College Cardiology. 49:
1715.
Wong SP, French JK, Lydon AM, Manda SO, Gao W, Ashton NG, et al. 2004.
Relation of left ventricular sphericity to 10-year survival after acute
myocardial infarction. American Journal of Cardiology. 94: 1270.
Yan AT, Jong P, Yan RT, Fitchett D, Chow CM, Roe MT, et al. 2004. Clinical
trial-derived risk model may not generalize to real-world patients with acute
coronary syndrome. American Heart Journal. 148: 1020-7.
Yan AT, Yan RT, Tan M, Casanova A, Labinaz M, Sridha K, et al. 2007. Risk
scores for risk stratification in acute coronary syndromes: useful but simpler
is not necessarily better. European Heart Journal. 28: 1072-8.
Zorzi A, Turri R, Zilio F, Spadotto V, Baritussio A, Peruzza F. 2015. At-admission
risk stratification for in-hospital life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and
death in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction patients. European Heart
Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care. 3 (4): 304-312.
Universitas Sumatera Utara