AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE EXPRESSIONS DEPICTED IN THE BOOK THREE OF THE NEW TESTAMENT

  

AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE EXPRESSIONS DEPICTED IN

THE BOOK THREE OF THE NEW TESTAMENT A THESIS BY TUTI NAINGGOLAN REG.NO . 110721001 DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2013

  AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE EXPRESSIONS DEPICTED IN THE BOOK THREE OF THE NEW TESTAMENT A THESIS BY TUTI NAINGGOLAN REG.NO. 110721001 SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR Dr. H. Syaron Lubis, MA Drs. H. marzaini Manday, MSPD Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Departement of English DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2013

  Approve by the Departement of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.

  Head, secretary,

  Dr. H. Muhijar Muchtar, M.S Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum

  Accepted by the Board of Examination in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Departement of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

  The examination is held in Departement of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University

  st

  Sumatera Utara on July 31 2013 Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Dr. H. Syaron Lubis,MA NIP. 19511013 1976031 1001 Board of Examiners Dr. H. Syaron Lubis, M.A ……………………… Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S ……………………….

  Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum ……………………… Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D ………………………

  AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

  I TUTI NAINGGOLAN DECLARES THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHORS OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCES IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THE THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

  Signed : Date :

  COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : TUTI NAINGGOLAN TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE EXPRESSIONS DEPICTED IN THE BOOK THREE OF THE NEW TESTAMENT QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

  I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCREATION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATRA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

  Signed : Date :

  ABSTRACT

  This study entitled An Analysis of Figurative Expressions Depicted in The Book

  

Three of The New Testament . In this thesis are an analysis about meanings is non-

  literal meaning which is including sentences and idioms in the Holy Bible especially which heve wrote one of Paul’s disciples is Luke (write with the entitled Luke). The purpose of the study is to find out the type kinds of sentences including of non- literal meaning in The Book Three of The New Testament and to describe the implied of meanings from thaso sentences, and than to inform the dominats of kinds of non-literal meaning stated in The Book Three of The New Testament. The method applied in this research is descriptive qualitative method. These are kinds of sentences and idioms meanings which are analyzed metaphor, personification, hyperbole, irony, simile, synecdoche, and metonymy. Every data will analyzed according to the rule of analysis and the end will took conclusion that the dominat of figurative meanings in this book is kinds of metaphor, there are 25 cases or 42.3%, and the second is personification 10 cases or 16.9%, simile with 8 cases or 13.5%, irony with 7 cases or 11.8%, hyperbole with 4 cases or 6.7%, metonymy with 4 cases or 6.7%, and last is synecdoche with 2 cases or 3.3%.

  ABSTRACT

  Skripsi yang berjudul “An Analysis of Figurative Expressions Depicted in The Book Three of The New Testament” adalah suatu kajian yang menganalisis makna penutur yakni makna non-literal yang terdapat dalam kalimat dan ungkapan dalam Alkitab khususnya yang ditulis oleh salah satu murid Paulus, Lukas (ditulis dengan judul Lukas). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis kalimat yangmengandung makna non-literal dalam Lukas dan mendeskripsikan makna yang tersirat dari kalimat-kalimat tersebut, serta untuk mengetahui jenis makna non- literal apa yang paling banyak terdapat dalam kitab Lukas. Dalam menulis skripsi ini penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif sebagai metode yang dipakai dalam analisis ini. Adapun jenis makna yang dianalisis adalah kalimat dan ungkapan yang mengandung metafora, personifikasi, hiperbola, metonimi,

  

sinekdot, simile, and ironi. Setiap data akan dianalisis sesuai dengan langkah-

  langkah analisis dan pada akhirnya akan ditarik sebuah kesimpulan akhir yaitu bawa jenis kalimat figurative yang paling banyak terdapat di Lukas adalah jenis metafora, yakni sebanyak 25 kasus atau 42,3%, kemudian personifikasi dengan 10 kasus atau 16,9% , hiperbola dengan 4 kasus atau 6,7%, metonimi dengan 4 kasus atau 6,7%, sinekdot untuk 2 kasus atau 3,3%, simile dengan 8 kasus atau 13,5% dan yang terakhir ironi dengan 7 kasus atau 11,8%.

  

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

  First of all,I would like to give my prise and deepest thanks to Jesus Christ for blessing and giving me life ,love, guidance, and strength that I can finish this thesis completely.

  I do now realize that it is not an easy thing to write a thesis, it really takes much time and energy, while doing the thesis there are so many problems that I have to deal with.

  Nevertheless, with the help and support that I got from so many people around, I finally completed this thesis. Therefore, in this chance I would like to express my heartiest gratitude to these following people.

  The highest and always the very special gratitude for my beloved parents, M. nainggolan and N. siagian, for their love, support and great attention also the everlasting prayer and love in every single step I take. I am nothing without my parents and my family.

  The warmest thanks are also devoted to all my sisters and brother k’Lasma Marline Nainggolan, Hetty, Nora, Sevriati, and my the only one brother Mangasi, for your prayer and support.

  I also would like to express my great gratitude to my supervisor Dr. H. Syaron Lubis,MA, Drs. Marzaini Manday, MSPd for their advices, suggestion, helps and also their valuable time given to me during the process of writing this thesis. I also would like to thank to all the lectures of English department.

  I do not forget too, to thank the dean of the Faculty of Cultural Studies USU, Dr. H. Syaron Lubis,MA, the head of English Departement Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar,MS, and the secretary Dr. Hj. Nurlela,M.Hum for all academics and administrative helps given to me during the period of my study in the faculty.

  For all my friends in extention class of 2011, thanks for the nice friendship and I hope we will share our friendship forever. I love you all and may God bless you all.

  The writer Tuti Nainggolan

  

TABLE OF CONTENT

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION............................................................... i COPYRIGHT DECLARATION............................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT....................................................................... iii ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………….. v TABLE OF CONTENT………………………………………………... vi CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Analysis………………………..

  1

  1.2 Problem of the Analysis……………………………

  5

  1.3 Objectives of the Analysis…………………………

  5 1.4 Scope of the Analysis……………………………...

  6 1.5 Significance of Analysis…………………………...

  6 CHAPTER II: R E V I E W R E L A T E D L I T E R A T U R E

  2.1 Semantics Theory………………………………….. 7 2.2 Scope of Semantics………………………………..

  9

  2.2.1 Meaning……………………………………. 9

  2.2.2 The Varieties of Meaning………………….. 11 2.2.3 Sense and Reference……………………….

  13 2.3 Goals of Semantic Theory………………………….

  15 2.4 Figurative Expression……………………………...

  15 2.4.1 Definition of Figurative Expression……….

  15

  3.1 Research Design………………………………… 22

  16 2.4.2.2 Personification…………………..

  21 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD

  20 2.4.2.7 Irony…………………………….

  2.4.2.6 Simile……………………………

  19

  18 2.4.2.5 Synecdoche……………………..

  2.4.2.4 Metonymy………………………

  18

  17 2.4.2.3 Hyperbole…………………….....

  16 2.4.2.1 Metaphor………………………..

  3.2 Data Collecting Method…………………………

  2.4.2 Kinds of Figurative Expression……………

  65 REFERENCES

  64 5.2 Suggestions………………………………………..

  63 5.1 Conclusions………………………………………..

  35 4.3 Findings………………………………………….

  25 4.2 Analysis…………………………………………..

  23 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.1 Data Findings…………………………………….

  3.3 Data Analyzing Method…………………………

  23

  CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION