The Lack of Self-Confidence Of Pupils When Speaking in English in The Basic I Level At ACE Kids.
ABSTRACT
Ace Kids English Course merupakan salah satu tempat kursus Bahasa
Inggris di kota Bandung dan mempunyai tujuan untuk mengembangkan
kemampuan murid-muridnya dalam berbahasa Inggris. Namun belajar
Bahasa Inggris memerlukan semangat yang tinggi, sehingga murid tidak
hanya mampu menguasai Bahasa Inggris, tetapi juga memiliki
kepercayaan diri. Kepercayaan diri tanpa merasa gugup sangat diperlukan
untuk penguasaan Bahasa Inggris.
Oleh sebab itu, saya memilih judul “The lack of self-confidence of
pupils in speaking in English in Basic I Level at Ace Kids” untuk tugas
akhir ini. Permasalahan di Ace Kids ini memiliki tiga sebab dan tiga akibat
yang berdampak langsung pada murid-murid.
Saya juga akan menuliskan tiga kemungkinan solusi, yaitu guru
memberikan motivasi dengan menceritakan pengalaman atau “life stories”
pada murid-murid, guru berbicara tentang topik yang biasa dipergunakan
tiap harinya, dan para guru juga dapat mengadakan aktivitas “speaking
marathon” pada para murid untuk mengasah kemampuan berbahasa
Inggris sekaligus menyenangkan untuk dilakukan yang dapat mengatasi
masalah kepercayaan diri para siswa dalam berbicara bahasa Inggris
dengan baik di dalam ataupun luar kelas. Pada bab terakhir, saya akan
memilih solusi terbaik untuk menumbuhkan kepercayaan diri para murid
saat berbicara aktif dalam Bahasa Inggris.
i
Maranatha Christian University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………i
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY…………………………………ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………...iv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION……………………………………..1
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Background of the Study………………………….1
Identification of the Problem……………………...2
Objectives and Benefits of the Study……………3
Description of the Institution…………………......4
Method of the Study……………………………….4
Limitation of the Study…………………………….5
Organization of the Term Paper………………….5
CHAPTER II. PROBLEM ANALYSIS………………………………….6-8
CHAPTER III. POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS…………………………….9-13
CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSIONS………………………………………14-15
APPENDIX
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ii
Maranatha Christian University
FLOWCHART
Causes
I. The pupils do not enjoy
English conversation.
II. The pupils do not have a
wide range of vocabulary
for speaking in English.
III. The learners are nervous to
speak in English.
Problem
The lack of selfconfidence of pupils
when speaking in
English in the Basic I
level at Ace Kids
Effects
I. The learners find it difficult to
speak in English.
II. The pupils do not know how
to say what is in their minds
in English language, as they
tend to translate from their
mother tongue into English.
Potential Negative Effect
I. The pupils will not make an
effort to speak in English
without their teacher’s
motivation.
Potential Solution I
The teachers give
motivation by sharing
life-stories with the
pupils of people who
gained confidence and
fluency in speaking
English.
Potential Positive Effects
I. The pupils will be more
comfortable and happy with
the speaking class.
II. The pupils can enjoy speaking
in English.
Potential Negative Effect
I. The pupils only focus on
standard topics to speak in
English, which are limited.
Potential Solution II
The teachers try to
use everyday topics
with the pupils related
to everyday situations
and activities.
Potential Positive Effects
I. The pupils will know what they
are going to say in English.
II. The pupils feel confident to
speak in English because
they know what they are
going to say.
Potential Negative Effect
I. The pupils are only
enthusiastic when the
teachers ask them to speak
in the speaking marathon.
Potential Solution III
The teachers conduct
a “speaking marathon”
for the pupils at least
twice during the
course.
Potential Positive Effects
I. The pupils feel enthusiastic to
speak in English.
II. The pupils can say whatever
they want to keep on talking
in English.
Chosen Solution
Potential Solution I.
The teachers give
motivation by sharing
life-stories with the
pupils of people who
gained confidence and
fluency in speaking
English.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
In today’s globalization era, speaking in English is becoming more and
more important in order to have meaningful communication with people.
For learners of English, being able to speak well is very useful for various
aspects of their life in the future, such as business. For instance, when
people do business negotiations with foreign people, they have to speak
well in English. Good oral communication in English will influence the
learners to have good relationships with people from the foreign
community.
Having self-confidence and a positive thinking will help the learners to
speak English fluently. As Johnson says, “self-confidence is the first
requisite to great undertakings” (par. 1).
My topic in this term paper is about improving the self-confidence of the
learners in the Basic I level at Ace Kids (henceforth, AK). The research is
based on my teaching experience during one month in January 2008 at
Ace Kids in Astina Street, Bandung. For example, the pupils felt nervous
1
Maranatha Christian University
when speaking in English in class. Thus, I desire that the Indonesian
learners of English between 12 and 14 years old be able to communicate
well in English, and I want to give motivation to them to develop to become
fluent and confident speakers of English.
B. Identification of the Problem
There are particular causes that some pupils do not have selfconfidence when speaking in English. Based on my experience in teaching
elementary pupils at AK, the problem is the need for pupils in the Basic I
level at AK to have self-confidence when speaking in English. This term
paper discusses the low level of self-confidence of these pupils and the
factors behind their lack of self-confidence. There are some aspects that I
will include in this term paper, namely:
1. What causes some pupils in Basic I level at AK to lack selfconfidence when they speak in English?
2. What are the effects of the lack of self-confidence of the pupils in Basic I
level at AK when they speak in English?
3. How is it possible to make the pupils in the Basic I level at AK more
confident when they speak in English?
C. Objectives and the Benefits of the Study
The objectives of this term paper, then, are as follows:
1. To know what causes lack of self-confidence for some of the pupils
in the Basic I level at AK when they speak in English.
2
Maranatha Christian University
2. To know what the effects are of the lack of self-confidence of the pupils
in the Basic I level at AK when they speak in English.
3. To find some possible solutions to make the pupils in the Basic I level at
AK be more confident when they speak in English.
This term paper has benefits for AK and for the writer and readers of
this term paper, including readers who are teachers of English as well.
a. For Ace Kids
The teachers at AK will have benefits from reading this paper. The
teachers will be familiar with the reasons why the pupils in Basic I level at
AK do not want to speak in English. The teachers will also find possible
solutions to make the learners more confident and motivated to speak in
English; thus the teachers can apply one or more of these solutions to
improve pupils’ speaking in English.
b. For the writer
The advantages for me as the writer of this term paper are that I
understand better the difficulties of the pupils when they speak in English
and I gain more knowledge about how to help pupils become confident
speakers of English.
c. For the readers
The readers will also have benefits from reading this paper. The
readers who are teachers of English will know how to make the pupils
more confident to speak in English and can increase their knowledge
about teaching in an English course. The other readers can also use this
3
Maranatha Christian University
information to help them choose a good English course for their family and
their friends, especially an English course that motivates the learners to
develop self-confidence when speaking in English.
D. Description of the Institution
Ace Kids is the name of an English course that began in Jakarta in
1998. AK commenced on April 1st 2002 in Bandung. It opened in two
places in Bandung. The first was in 87 Padjajaran Street, which moved in
January 2007 to 68 D Astina Street. The second, in Kopo Permai III 47A/
number 11, was opened on May 1st 2006.
Dra. Leony Siswati Tanama is the owner of Ace Kids in Jakarta and
Bandung. The vision of AK is for pupils to feel comfortable in speaking
English. For instance, it is hoped that the pupils can speak in English with
confidence and feel relaxed when they speak in English .The mission is to
develop pupils’ skills in English language. For example, pupils have
practice in speaking English, as one of the language skills.
E. Method of the Study
I have some data to evaluate from three sources, namely, book, my
apprenticeship journal, and the Internet. I needed about two months to find
the information, as I found it difficult to find appropriate book. In my journal,
I wrote information about some pupils who had problems in speaking in
English at AK. I wrote in my journal regularly when I did my
apprenticeship. On the Internet, I found solutions to motivate the learners
4
Maranatha Christian University
to speak in English in class.
F. Limitation of the Study
I will focus on finding out the ways to make the pupils of Basic I level at
AK in Astina Street in Bandung more confident in expressing their own
ideas verbally in English. The study is based on my apprenticeship there
are between 8 January and 1 February 2008. The age of the four learners
in the Basic I level are between 12 and 14 years of age.
G. Organization of the Term Paper
The first part of this term paper is the Introduction, which explains
the lack of self-confidence of the pupils in Basic I level at AK. In the next
chapter, I will talk about the causes and effects of the learners’ lack of selfconfidence to speak in English. The third chapter gives some potential
solutions for the learners to make them more confident to speak in
English. The last chapter is the conclusion. In this chapter I will state the
best solution to solve the problem. The last part of the paper is
Bibliography, which presents all the sources used in this paper.
5
Maranatha Christian University
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
In the previous chapter, I have discussed about some causes and
effects of lack of self-confidence of pupils when speaking in English in the
Basic I level at AK. The causes of the problem are the pupils do not enjoy
English conversation, the pupils do not have a wide vocabulary for
speaking in English and the learners are nervous to speak in English.
Besides, the effects are the learners find it difficult to speak in English, and
the pupils do not know how to say what is in their minds in English
language, as they tend to translate from their mother tongue into English.
There are three potential solutions to solve this problem. The first
potential solution is the teachers give motivation by sharing life-stories with
the pupils. Besides this, the second potential solution is the teachers can
try to use everyday topics with the pupils. The last or third potential
solution is the teachers conduct a “speaking marathon” at least twice
during the course for the pupils. I choose one of the three solutions in this
chapter. I select telling life-stories as my best solution for the problem of
lack self-confidence when speaking in English in the Basic I level at AK.
14
Maranatha Christian University
“A life story is, simply, a person's story of his or her life, or of what he or
she thinks is a significant part of that life”, says Jeff Todd Titon (par. 1). I
choose telling life-stories to solve the problem of lack of self-confidence
because by telling life-stories, the pupils will be able to speak in English,
as telling life-stories give them spirit to speak in English. Compared to
solution 2 and solution 3, solution 1 can better solve the problem of
students’ lack of self confidence. In Solution 2, this solution can make
pupils will know what they are going to say short sentences in English
about everyday situations. But the pupils only focus on standard
conversation to speak in English. In solution 3, pupils feel enthusiastic to
speak in English. However, the pupils are only enthusiastic when the
teachers ask them to speak in English in the speaking marathon.
There are benefits for the pupils using life-stories as the best solution.
The pupils feel more comfortable and are happy with the speaking class.
Moreover, the pupils can enjoy speaking in English. It can also build up the
pupils’ spirit to speak in English.
To conclude this chapter, I find telling life-stories as the best solution
for the problem of the lack of self-confidence in the Basic I level at AK.
Actually, I choose this as the best solution for the problem as a way to
both make pupils have self-confidence and also enjoy to in speaking in
English.
15
Maranatha Christian University
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Printed Source
Candlin, Christopher, ed. Getting Students to Talk. Englewood Cliffs:
Prentice Hall, 1987.
Electronic Sources
Ewan, Jim. “Self Confidence in Ten Minutes.” VERSALITY II 08 Nov 2006.
06 March 2008 http://www.speakingexcellence.com/content/ view/
10011/26
Johnson, Samuel. “English Poet.” 1784 Thinkexist.com. 18 February
2010 http://thinkexist.com/quotations/self-confidence/2.html
Lynch, Larry M. “Four Terrific Ways to Motivate Your English Language
Learners to Speak in Class.” 26 Feb. 2008. EzineArticles.com.
18 March 2008
Maranatha Christian University
Martin, David. “How to Get Your Students to Speak 100% English.” 2003
Ellpress.com. 19 March 2008
http://www.eflpress.com/how_to_get_your_students_t.html
Milo, Joanna. “ESL English Vocabulary Software-for teaching and learning
English as a Second Language.” Execucomm INC. 2009.
26 January 2010 http://powervocabularybuilder.com/esl-english- as-asecond-language.html
Newton, Jehane. “How to Make Learning Vocabulary Interesting.”
Linguaguide. 21 November 2006. 20 March 2008
http://www.linguaguide.com/articles/12/1/How-to-make-learningvocabulary- interesting/Page1.html
Raposa, Eva. “How to speak English well.” 2009. 21 January 2010
http://speaking24.com/tips.php?r=
Titon, Todd Jeff. “The Life Stories.” Journal of American Folklore Vol. 93.
1980. 18 February 2010
http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=L85ZcRPKfs9n5
bKC92WLSmQXL3Qfyyzb0nwc2hLLvytLvJpdn911!1759033292!19503
77388?docld=95170298
Van Dyke, Hendry. “Confident in Public Speaking.” Develop Self
Confidence. 2007. DevelopSelfConfidence.com. 1 March 2008
http://www.develop-self.com/confidence-in-public-speaking/
Maranatha Christian University
Ace Kids English Course merupakan salah satu tempat kursus Bahasa
Inggris di kota Bandung dan mempunyai tujuan untuk mengembangkan
kemampuan murid-muridnya dalam berbahasa Inggris. Namun belajar
Bahasa Inggris memerlukan semangat yang tinggi, sehingga murid tidak
hanya mampu menguasai Bahasa Inggris, tetapi juga memiliki
kepercayaan diri. Kepercayaan diri tanpa merasa gugup sangat diperlukan
untuk penguasaan Bahasa Inggris.
Oleh sebab itu, saya memilih judul “The lack of self-confidence of
pupils in speaking in English in Basic I Level at Ace Kids” untuk tugas
akhir ini. Permasalahan di Ace Kids ini memiliki tiga sebab dan tiga akibat
yang berdampak langsung pada murid-murid.
Saya juga akan menuliskan tiga kemungkinan solusi, yaitu guru
memberikan motivasi dengan menceritakan pengalaman atau “life stories”
pada murid-murid, guru berbicara tentang topik yang biasa dipergunakan
tiap harinya, dan para guru juga dapat mengadakan aktivitas “speaking
marathon” pada para murid untuk mengasah kemampuan berbahasa
Inggris sekaligus menyenangkan untuk dilakukan yang dapat mengatasi
masalah kepercayaan diri para siswa dalam berbicara bahasa Inggris
dengan baik di dalam ataupun luar kelas. Pada bab terakhir, saya akan
memilih solusi terbaik untuk menumbuhkan kepercayaan diri para murid
saat berbicara aktif dalam Bahasa Inggris.
i
Maranatha Christian University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………i
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY…………………………………ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………...iv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION……………………………………..1
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Background of the Study………………………….1
Identification of the Problem……………………...2
Objectives and Benefits of the Study……………3
Description of the Institution…………………......4
Method of the Study……………………………….4
Limitation of the Study…………………………….5
Organization of the Term Paper………………….5
CHAPTER II. PROBLEM ANALYSIS………………………………….6-8
CHAPTER III. POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS…………………………….9-13
CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSIONS………………………………………14-15
APPENDIX
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ii
Maranatha Christian University
FLOWCHART
Causes
I. The pupils do not enjoy
English conversation.
II. The pupils do not have a
wide range of vocabulary
for speaking in English.
III. The learners are nervous to
speak in English.
Problem
The lack of selfconfidence of pupils
when speaking in
English in the Basic I
level at Ace Kids
Effects
I. The learners find it difficult to
speak in English.
II. The pupils do not know how
to say what is in their minds
in English language, as they
tend to translate from their
mother tongue into English.
Potential Negative Effect
I. The pupils will not make an
effort to speak in English
without their teacher’s
motivation.
Potential Solution I
The teachers give
motivation by sharing
life-stories with the
pupils of people who
gained confidence and
fluency in speaking
English.
Potential Positive Effects
I. The pupils will be more
comfortable and happy with
the speaking class.
II. The pupils can enjoy speaking
in English.
Potential Negative Effect
I. The pupils only focus on
standard topics to speak in
English, which are limited.
Potential Solution II
The teachers try to
use everyday topics
with the pupils related
to everyday situations
and activities.
Potential Positive Effects
I. The pupils will know what they
are going to say in English.
II. The pupils feel confident to
speak in English because
they know what they are
going to say.
Potential Negative Effect
I. The pupils are only
enthusiastic when the
teachers ask them to speak
in the speaking marathon.
Potential Solution III
The teachers conduct
a “speaking marathon”
for the pupils at least
twice during the
course.
Potential Positive Effects
I. The pupils feel enthusiastic to
speak in English.
II. The pupils can say whatever
they want to keep on talking
in English.
Chosen Solution
Potential Solution I.
The teachers give
motivation by sharing
life-stories with the
pupils of people who
gained confidence and
fluency in speaking
English.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
In today’s globalization era, speaking in English is becoming more and
more important in order to have meaningful communication with people.
For learners of English, being able to speak well is very useful for various
aspects of their life in the future, such as business. For instance, when
people do business negotiations with foreign people, they have to speak
well in English. Good oral communication in English will influence the
learners to have good relationships with people from the foreign
community.
Having self-confidence and a positive thinking will help the learners to
speak English fluently. As Johnson says, “self-confidence is the first
requisite to great undertakings” (par. 1).
My topic in this term paper is about improving the self-confidence of the
learners in the Basic I level at Ace Kids (henceforth, AK). The research is
based on my teaching experience during one month in January 2008 at
Ace Kids in Astina Street, Bandung. For example, the pupils felt nervous
1
Maranatha Christian University
when speaking in English in class. Thus, I desire that the Indonesian
learners of English between 12 and 14 years old be able to communicate
well in English, and I want to give motivation to them to develop to become
fluent and confident speakers of English.
B. Identification of the Problem
There are particular causes that some pupils do not have selfconfidence when speaking in English. Based on my experience in teaching
elementary pupils at AK, the problem is the need for pupils in the Basic I
level at AK to have self-confidence when speaking in English. This term
paper discusses the low level of self-confidence of these pupils and the
factors behind their lack of self-confidence. There are some aspects that I
will include in this term paper, namely:
1. What causes some pupils in Basic I level at AK to lack selfconfidence when they speak in English?
2. What are the effects of the lack of self-confidence of the pupils in Basic I
level at AK when they speak in English?
3. How is it possible to make the pupils in the Basic I level at AK more
confident when they speak in English?
C. Objectives and the Benefits of the Study
The objectives of this term paper, then, are as follows:
1. To know what causes lack of self-confidence for some of the pupils
in the Basic I level at AK when they speak in English.
2
Maranatha Christian University
2. To know what the effects are of the lack of self-confidence of the pupils
in the Basic I level at AK when they speak in English.
3. To find some possible solutions to make the pupils in the Basic I level at
AK be more confident when they speak in English.
This term paper has benefits for AK and for the writer and readers of
this term paper, including readers who are teachers of English as well.
a. For Ace Kids
The teachers at AK will have benefits from reading this paper. The
teachers will be familiar with the reasons why the pupils in Basic I level at
AK do not want to speak in English. The teachers will also find possible
solutions to make the learners more confident and motivated to speak in
English; thus the teachers can apply one or more of these solutions to
improve pupils’ speaking in English.
b. For the writer
The advantages for me as the writer of this term paper are that I
understand better the difficulties of the pupils when they speak in English
and I gain more knowledge about how to help pupils become confident
speakers of English.
c. For the readers
The readers will also have benefits from reading this paper. The
readers who are teachers of English will know how to make the pupils
more confident to speak in English and can increase their knowledge
about teaching in an English course. The other readers can also use this
3
Maranatha Christian University
information to help them choose a good English course for their family and
their friends, especially an English course that motivates the learners to
develop self-confidence when speaking in English.
D. Description of the Institution
Ace Kids is the name of an English course that began in Jakarta in
1998. AK commenced on April 1st 2002 in Bandung. It opened in two
places in Bandung. The first was in 87 Padjajaran Street, which moved in
January 2007 to 68 D Astina Street. The second, in Kopo Permai III 47A/
number 11, was opened on May 1st 2006.
Dra. Leony Siswati Tanama is the owner of Ace Kids in Jakarta and
Bandung. The vision of AK is for pupils to feel comfortable in speaking
English. For instance, it is hoped that the pupils can speak in English with
confidence and feel relaxed when they speak in English .The mission is to
develop pupils’ skills in English language. For example, pupils have
practice in speaking English, as one of the language skills.
E. Method of the Study
I have some data to evaluate from three sources, namely, book, my
apprenticeship journal, and the Internet. I needed about two months to find
the information, as I found it difficult to find appropriate book. In my journal,
I wrote information about some pupils who had problems in speaking in
English at AK. I wrote in my journal regularly when I did my
apprenticeship. On the Internet, I found solutions to motivate the learners
4
Maranatha Christian University
to speak in English in class.
F. Limitation of the Study
I will focus on finding out the ways to make the pupils of Basic I level at
AK in Astina Street in Bandung more confident in expressing their own
ideas verbally in English. The study is based on my apprenticeship there
are between 8 January and 1 February 2008. The age of the four learners
in the Basic I level are between 12 and 14 years of age.
G. Organization of the Term Paper
The first part of this term paper is the Introduction, which explains
the lack of self-confidence of the pupils in Basic I level at AK. In the next
chapter, I will talk about the causes and effects of the learners’ lack of selfconfidence to speak in English. The third chapter gives some potential
solutions for the learners to make them more confident to speak in
English. The last chapter is the conclusion. In this chapter I will state the
best solution to solve the problem. The last part of the paper is
Bibliography, which presents all the sources used in this paper.
5
Maranatha Christian University
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
In the previous chapter, I have discussed about some causes and
effects of lack of self-confidence of pupils when speaking in English in the
Basic I level at AK. The causes of the problem are the pupils do not enjoy
English conversation, the pupils do not have a wide vocabulary for
speaking in English and the learners are nervous to speak in English.
Besides, the effects are the learners find it difficult to speak in English, and
the pupils do not know how to say what is in their minds in English
language, as they tend to translate from their mother tongue into English.
There are three potential solutions to solve this problem. The first
potential solution is the teachers give motivation by sharing life-stories with
the pupils. Besides this, the second potential solution is the teachers can
try to use everyday topics with the pupils. The last or third potential
solution is the teachers conduct a “speaking marathon” at least twice
during the course for the pupils. I choose one of the three solutions in this
chapter. I select telling life-stories as my best solution for the problem of
lack self-confidence when speaking in English in the Basic I level at AK.
14
Maranatha Christian University
“A life story is, simply, a person's story of his or her life, or of what he or
she thinks is a significant part of that life”, says Jeff Todd Titon (par. 1). I
choose telling life-stories to solve the problem of lack of self-confidence
because by telling life-stories, the pupils will be able to speak in English,
as telling life-stories give them spirit to speak in English. Compared to
solution 2 and solution 3, solution 1 can better solve the problem of
students’ lack of self confidence. In Solution 2, this solution can make
pupils will know what they are going to say short sentences in English
about everyday situations. But the pupils only focus on standard
conversation to speak in English. In solution 3, pupils feel enthusiastic to
speak in English. However, the pupils are only enthusiastic when the
teachers ask them to speak in English in the speaking marathon.
There are benefits for the pupils using life-stories as the best solution.
The pupils feel more comfortable and are happy with the speaking class.
Moreover, the pupils can enjoy speaking in English. It can also build up the
pupils’ spirit to speak in English.
To conclude this chapter, I find telling life-stories as the best solution
for the problem of the lack of self-confidence in the Basic I level at AK.
Actually, I choose this as the best solution for the problem as a way to
both make pupils have self-confidence and also enjoy to in speaking in
English.
15
Maranatha Christian University
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Printed Source
Candlin, Christopher, ed. Getting Students to Talk. Englewood Cliffs:
Prentice Hall, 1987.
Electronic Sources
Ewan, Jim. “Self Confidence in Ten Minutes.” VERSALITY II 08 Nov 2006.
06 March 2008 http://www.speakingexcellence.com/content/ view/
10011/26
Johnson, Samuel. “English Poet.” 1784 Thinkexist.com. 18 February
2010 http://thinkexist.com/quotations/self-confidence/2.html
Lynch, Larry M. “Four Terrific Ways to Motivate Your English Language
Learners to Speak in Class.” 26 Feb. 2008. EzineArticles.com.
18 March 2008
Maranatha Christian University
Martin, David. “How to Get Your Students to Speak 100% English.” 2003
Ellpress.com. 19 March 2008
http://www.eflpress.com/how_to_get_your_students_t.html
Milo, Joanna. “ESL English Vocabulary Software-for teaching and learning
English as a Second Language.” Execucomm INC. 2009.
26 January 2010 http://powervocabularybuilder.com/esl-english- as-asecond-language.html
Newton, Jehane. “How to Make Learning Vocabulary Interesting.”
Linguaguide. 21 November 2006. 20 March 2008
http://www.linguaguide.com/articles/12/1/How-to-make-learningvocabulary- interesting/Page1.html
Raposa, Eva. “How to speak English well.” 2009. 21 January 2010
http://speaking24.com/tips.php?r=
Titon, Todd Jeff. “The Life Stories.” Journal of American Folklore Vol. 93.
1980. 18 February 2010
http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=L85ZcRPKfs9n5
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Maranatha Christian University