THEME CONFIGURATION AS STYLISTIC REALIZATION OF PANTUN MELAYU LANGKAT WEDDING CEREMONY.
-~·
..
~-
.
__________
_._
_____
THEME COI\~GURATN
AS STYLISTIC REAl,IZATION
O:F PANTUN MEL4YU LAN(1K4TWEDDING CEREMONY
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program
In Partbd FuUUlin•mt of the Requirements for the Degree of
iVlg~ter
Humaniora
BY:
I
S'l'ATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
f
20ll
,,
\.
11
.
-~·
..
~-
.
__________
_._
_____
THEME COI\~GURATN
AS STYLISTIC REAl,IZATION
O:F PANTUN MEL4YU LAN(1K4TWEDDING CEREMONY
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program
In Partbd FuUUlin•mt of the Requirements for the Degree of
iVlg~ter
Humaniora
BY:
I
S'l'ATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
f
20ll
,,
\.
11
.
THEME CONFIGURATION AS STYLISTIC REALIZATION OF
PANTUN MELAYU LANGKATWEDDING CEREMONY
By
l
UMMIUMARA
~.·
Registration Number: 082188330060
.J
Presented to State University ofMedan in Partial Fulfillment
I
of Requirements for Magister Humaniora
This Thesis was examined on June 24 1\2011 by the Board of Examiners
Approved by
Adviser Commission
APPROVAL
This Thesis was examined on June 24th, 2011 by the Board
Board of Examiners
1. Prof. Hj. Tina Mariany Arifin. M. A. Ph. D.(
NIP. 19440302 196902 2 001
2. Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning. M. Pd.
NIP. 19590713 198601 1 001
3. Prof. Amrin Saragih, M. A. Ph.D.
NIP. 19550113 198203 1 002
4. Dr. Didik Santoso. M. Pd.
NIP. 19660616 199403 1 006
5. Dr. Apni Holila Pulungan. M. Hum.
NIP.19700522 200112 2 001
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First and foremost, the writer would like to direct her very special expression
to Allah SWT the almighty and most merciful for the continuous blessing good health
and luck until this piece of academic achievement appears in its present forms. The
sincerest shalawat and greetings are also given to the great prophet Muhammad SAW
for his invaluable struggle in making the people's life better.
The writer has to confess that numerous people have given the care attention,
and motivation, but she can not list all names. However some deserve her very
special thankfulness as the following to Prof. Hj. Tina Mariany Arifin, M.A., Ph.D
as the first Adviser who should be sincerely appreciated for her great supervision and
precious time spent in giving the direct guidance suggestions in the completion of
writing this thesis. As former head of the English Applied Linguistics, she
desrv~
the entire appraisal for her great care to the students. To Prof. Dr. Busmin Guming,
M. Pd., as the second adviser and also as the head English Applied Linguistics for
his supervision, great advice and suggestion from the first draft of this thesis until its
present form. To Prof. Amrin Saragih, M. A., Ph. D., Dr. Didik Santoso M. Pd and
Dr. Anni Pulungan, M. Hum, as reviewers and examiners are greatly acknowledge for
the constructive feedback in shaping up this thesis. To Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing,
M. Pd., as the secretary of English Applied Linguistics the assistance in the process
of setteling the administrative processes during her study.
Her thanks also go to all her lecturers, Prof. M. Butar-butar, M. A., Ph. D.,
Prof. M. Silitonga, M.A., Ph. D., and Prof. Dr. J. Naibaho, Prof. Dr. Berlin Sibarani
M. Pd., for their great and valuable contribution in increasing her insights and skills
in English Applied Linguistics during the course of her studies.
A very special gratitude is forwarded to her beloved parents Drs. H. M. Yusuf
Abdullah, M. A. and Dra. Hj. Saudah, for their super attention in giving the best
education and continuous love and pray as a full support and motivation in
completing her academic years, her lovely brothers and sisters: Naufal Azmi, S. Pd. I
and his wife Syafrida Amd. Kom, Zuama Nadia S. Pd. I, Husnul Yaqin, and Farah
Dhiba and also my sweetie nieces: Syakira Azura Azmi, Athalia Humaira Azmi, and
NaifaAzmi.
In addition, she acknowledges with thanks the lovely friendship of her
classmate intake XIV; Yenni, Ima, K'berutu, K'uti, K'ning, Lovina, K'juniar, Dian,
Anim, K'datulina, B'andi, B'salman, P'pur, P'sardon, Mandra, B'ilham, B'reza,
Surya, P'marudut, P' Amar, P' Arsen, and also her colleagues at STAI- Jam'iyah
Mahmudiyah Tanjung Pura for offering her the internship opportunities in their
groups and leading her working on diverse exciting research.
Finally, her wise words are directed to Allah SWT for the reward in life.
Medan, 18th July 2011
The~
UMMIUMARA
Reg. Number.082188330060
ii
ABSTRACT
Umara, Ummi. Registration Number: 082188330060. Theme Configuration
as Stylistic Realization of Pantun Me/ayu Langkat Wedding Ceremony. A
Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program. Post Graduate School.
State University ofMedan. 2011.
This study presents the existence of Theme configuration in pantun of
hailing the groom of Melayu Lang/cat wedding ceremony. The objectives of the
study are to investigate the types of Theme use in pantun Melayu Lang/cat, to
describe the processes of configuring Theme, and to find out the reasons for using
such style in pantun Melayu Lang/cat. The data are gathered from pantun uttered
by mediator in hailing the groom. In addition, in-depth interview were held to
gather more and specific data. Then, those are analyzed by applying some steps as
usually used in descriptive qualitative research. Firstly, the data is identified
which is pantun, coding pantun that involve Theme configuration, classifying
pantun based on the types, the process of Theme and the reasons of Theme
configuration, next, tabulating the classified data to find out the percentages of the
types, discussing and summarizing the fmdings. The findings indicate that there
were 228 clauses. It was found that the proportions of Theme configuration based
on Markedness: Unmarked 147 (64.47%), Marked 81 (35,53%), based on Simple
and Multiple Themes; Simple Theme 138 (60.5%), and Multiple Themes 90
(39,5%). The type dominantly used is Unmarked Simple Theme. The process of
Theme configuration performed by addresser (mediator) when they utteredpantun
to the addressee (mediator), through the last tone in Rheme the next clause
constructs. The reasons for using unmarked Simple Theme is described based on
context of situation namely field, tenor and mode.
iii
ABSTRAK
Umara, Ummi. Registration Nim: 082188330060. Theme Configuration as
StyHstic Realization of Pantun Melayu Langkat Wedding Ceremony. Tesis.
Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah Pascasarjana.
Universitas Negeri Medan. 2011.
Penelitian ini memaparkan keberadaan konfigurasi Tema dalam pantun
menyambut pengantin pada acara perkawinan suku Melayu Langkat. Tujuan
penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan jenis konfigurasi Tema apa saja yang ada
pada pantun Melayu Langkat, menemukan proses pembentukannya, menemukan
alasan penggunaannya pada pantun Melayu Langkat. Sebagai tambahan
wawancara juga digunakan untuk memperoleh data yang lebih spesifik. Data di
ambil dari pantun yang disampaikan oleh seorang telangkai dalam acara
menyambut pengantin. Data dianalisis berdasarkan langkah- langkah yang sering
digunakan dalam penelitian kualitatif. Pertama data yang di dapat diidentifikasi
yang manakah pantun, menandai pantun yang didalamnya terdapat konfigurasi
Tema, mengklasifikasikannya berdasarkan jenis, proses pembentukannya dan
alasan dari konfigurasi Tema kemudian mentabulasi data yang telah
diklasifikasiakan untuk mendapatkan persentasi jenis Tema tersebut. Teakhir
mendiskusikan dan merangkum temuan. Temuan mengindikasikan ada 228
klausa. Berdasarkan porsi konfigurasi tema di temukanlah porsi Tema Iazim 14 7
(64.47%), tidak lazim 81 (35,53%), berdasarkan simplicity; Tema tunggall38
(60.5%), and Tema majemuk 90 (39,5%). Jenis konfigura:;i Tema di dominasi
Tema lazim tunggal telangkai. Proses teljadinya konfigurasi teljadi saat telangkai
menyampai pantun melalui kata atr.u bunyi terakhir pada Rema (tema baru) Tema
selanjutnya terbentuk. Alasan penggunaan konfigurasi tema lazim tunggal
dijelaskan berdasarkan kontek situasi yaitu isi, pelibat, dan cara.
~\
~
,,
~
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .•....................................................................... i
ABSTRACT ................................•............................................................... iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
..•.........................•..................................•......... v
LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................... viii
LIST OF PICTURES .................................................................................. ix
LIST OFTABLES .............•...............................•......................................... X
LIST OF APPENDICES
••.•..........................................................•........ xi
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ............................................................ I
1.1 The Background ofthe Study
.................................... 1
1.2 The Problems ofthe Study ............................................. 4
1.3 The Objective ofthe Study ............................................. 4
1.4 The Scope of the
~tudy
................................................... 5
1.5 The Significance of the Study ......................................... 5
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF· LITERATURE ........................................ 7
2. 1 Stylistics .......................................................................... 7
2.2 Theme Configuration ...................................................... I 0
2.2.1 Unmarked and Marked Theme ............................... 11
2.2.2 Simple and Multiple Theme ................................... 14
2.3 Information Stucture ........................................................ 17
2.4 Context of Situation ......................................................... 19
2.5 Melayu Society ................................................................ 2I
2.5 .1 Language of Melayu ............................................... 25
2.5.1.1 Pantun ......................................................... 25
2.5.I.2 Kinds of Pantun .......................................... 27
2.5.2 Wedding in Melayu .............................................. 30
v
2.5.2.1 Pre-wedding ............................................. 30
2.5.2.2 Wedding .................................................... 31
2.5.2.3 Post-wedding ........................................... 37
2.6 Conceptual Framework ................................................... 37
2.7 Previous Research .......................................................... 38
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD .................................................... 40
3.1 Research Design ............................................................. 40
3 .2 Data Sources ................................................................... 41
3.3 Instrument of Data Collection ........................................ 41
3.4 Technique of Data Collection ........................................ 41
3.5 Technique of Data Analysis ........................................... 41
3.6 Trusworthiness of the Study ............................................ 43
3.6.1 Credibility .............................................................. 43
3.6.2 Transferability ........................................................ 43
3.6.3. Dependeba1ity ....................................................... 43
3.6.4 Conformability ....................................................... 44
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS, FINDING AN~
DISCUSSION .... 45
4.1 Data Description ............................................................. 45
4.1.1 Types of Theme Configuration ............................ 45
4.1.2 Process of Theme Configuration .......................... 51
4.1.2.1 Information Structure ............................... 51
4.1.3 Reason for Theme Configuration ......................... 52
4.2 Findings .......................................................................... 53
4.3 Discussion ...................................................................... 54
vi
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............................ 57
5.1 Conclusion ..................................................................... 57
5.2 Suggestion ..................................................................... 58
REFERENCES ............................................................................................ 59
vii
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
2. I The Classification of Theme and Rheme ...................................... 11
2.2 Unmarked Theme ......................................................................... 12
2.3 Marked Theme ............................................................................. 12
2.4 Unmarked Theme in Term of Pantun ........................................... 13
2.5 Marked Theme in Term of Pantun ................................................ 13
2.6 The Classification of Given and New Information ........................ 18
4.1 The Frequency of the Occurrences of
Unmarked and Marked Theme ................................................... 45
4.2 The Frequency of the Occurrences of Simple
and Multiple Themes .................................................................... 47
X
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure
Page
2.1 The Relationship among Linguistics and Literary Criticism or
Language and Literature in Stylistics ........................................... 8
viii
LIST OF PICTURES
Picture
Page
2.1 Kinds ofLeaves forTepung Tawar............................................... 33
2.2 Tepak ........................................................................................... 35
ix
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX
Page
A ............................................................................................. 62
B
............................................................................................. 84
c ............................................................................................ 121
xi
CHAPTERV
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
Having analyzing the data, the conclusions were stated as the followings:
1.
There were several types of Theme use in pantun Melayu wedding
ceremony namely: Markedness (Unmarked and Marked Themes), Simple
Theme and Multiple Themes. Unmarked Simple Theme dominates
in Theme configuration of Pantun Melayu Langkat wedding ceremony
especially in hailing the groom.
2. There were two kinds of the processes of configuration of Theme
performed by addresser (mediator) when they uttered pantun to the
addressee (mediator), namely Given and New information. The given
information was needed to structure the couplet in pantun. The existence
of new information in the end of a clause also helped mediator to
accelerate the tone inpantun.
3. There were three reasons such a style use in pantun melayu wedding
ceremony namely field, tenor and mode. In the term of field, arguing
with pantun is only happen in hailing the groom of Melayu wedding
ceremony.
In the aspect of tenor, the participant (mediator) should be a
man who had highly understanding about Malayu tradition. The
creativity, accuracy and velocity were a must for the participant. The last
57
58
is mode. Pantun in hailing the groom was face to face interaction which
the channel is spoken language.
5.2 Suggestions
_Relating to the conclusions that had been stated, the suggestions give are as
the following.
1. The educator that plays an important role in teaching Sociolinguistics and
Cross Culture Understanding have to give attention, not only for foreign
and Indonesian but also to the cultures of vernacular. In this case Melayu
culture, indirectly this is the way to enrich Melayu literature in an available
resources.
2. The other researchers, is expected to more research about Melayu Langkat
.'
Wedding Ceremony from different emphasis. So, more information about
pantun Me/ayu and its wedding ceremony can be presented not only as a
kind of information to the non-native of Melayu people but also to be
practiced by the native of Melayu people.
3. The performer of Melayu tradition is almost lost; it means that Malayu
cultural maintenance is needed to protect the tradition of Malayu. So that
the government should have some important role to maintain the heritage
of Melayu Langkat, especially the pantun. This is done by including
Melayu language as the local curriculum and adding extra time to teach
pantun in Bahasa Indonesia subject at schools.
REFERENCES
Baker, M. 2000. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. London:
Routledge.
Black, E. 2006. Pragmatic Sty/istics. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Bloor, T & Bloor, M. 1995. The functional analysis of English. London: Edward
Arnold
Bogdan, R. & Biklen, S. 1982. Qualitative Research for Education. Boston: Allan
and Bacon.
Bogdan, R. 1992. Qualitative Research in Education (2nd Ed.). USA: Allan &
Bacon.
Bradford, R. 2005. Stylistics. Routledge, New York.
Brown, H. D. 1980. Principle of Learning and Teaching. Marriston, Newe Jersey.
Prentice Hall.
Brown, H. I 999. The Sociology ofLanguage. USA. Newbury House Publishers.
Djamaris, E. 2001. Pengantar Sastra Rakyat Minangkabau. Jakarta: yayasan obor
Indonesia.
Eggins, S. 1994. An Introduction to Systemic Functional linguistics. London:
Printer Publisher.
Fraenkel, J, R. & Wallen, N. R. 1993. How to design and evaluate research in
education 2nd edition. New York. McGraw-hill Publishers.
Jayawati, M. T. 1997. Ana/isis Struktur dan Nilai Budaya Dalam Cerita Rakyat
Sumatera Utara. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa.
Halliday, M. A. K. 1978. Language as Social Semiotic: The Social Interpretation
ofLanguage and Meaning. London: Edward Arnold.
Halliday, M. A. K. 1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar.
University Press Inc. New York.
Oxford
Halliday, M. A. K. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar.
Edition. University Press Inc. New York.
Second
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60
Hamka, 2009. Theme and Rheme in Children's Song Textbook: Getting Started
in English. State University ofMedan. Unpublished.
Halliday, M. A. K & Ruqayia H. 1976. Cohesion in English. London Longman.
Husain, M. G. 2007. Muslim identity and Islam: Misinterpreted in the
Conterii/)orary Wor'ld. New Delhi: Manak Publications.
Husni,T. H. M. 1986. Pantun Pada Upacara Adat Perkawinan Melayu. Jakarta:
Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
Mukhair, I. 2011. Processes in the Malay Pantun Uttered in Wedding Ceremony.
State University ofMedan. Unpublished.
Keller & Calhoun. 1997. Sociology. New York: The Me. Graw-Hill Company.
Lewis, S. 1994. Critical Communication. Canberra: Practice Hall.
Li, M. 2009. The Stylistics Analysis of the Megazine Advertisement;--- Atkins
Chocolate chip Granola Bar. Asian Social Science Journal. Vol. 5, No.9.
Marjohan, A. 1983. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Jakarta: Depdikbud.
Martin, J. R. 1992. English Text: System and Structure. Amsterdam: John
Benjamins.
Miles M.B. and Huberman A.M. 1984. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook
ofNew Methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Verdonk, P. 2002. Stylistics. Oxford University Press. New York.
Introducing Systemic Functional Grammar. English
Saragih, A. 2007.
Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University ofMedan.
Saragih, A. 2007. Fungsi Tekstual Dalam Wacana: Panduan Menu/is Tema dan
Rema. Balai Bahasa Medan. Medan.
Short, M. 1984. What is Stylistics? Journal of foreign Language. 5 (4-20), 6(3742).
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Sinar, L. 1994. Adat Perkawinan dan Tata rias Pengantin Melayu. Medan:
Lembaga Pembinaan dan Pengembagan Budaya Melayu- MABMI.
Sinar, L. 1994. Jati Diri Melayu. Medan: Lembaga Pembinaan dan Pengembagan
Budaya Melayu- MABMI.
Spradley, J. P. 1980. Participant Observation. New York: Holt, Rinrhart and
Wiston.
Spencer. 1964. Investing English Style. London: Longman.
Wardaugh, R. 1964. An Introduction to Sociilinguistics. New York: Basil
Blackwell.
Wareing, S & Thomas, L. 1999. Language, Society and Power: An Introduction.
New York: Westviews Press.
Wiana, D. 2004. Analisis Tema Pada Pantun Melayu (suatu Kajian Fungsional
Sistemik). University ofNorth Sumatera ,Medan: Unpublished.
Widdowson, H. G. 1975. Stylistics and the Teaching of Literature. London:
Longman.
Zhang, Z. 2010. The Interpretation of a Novel by Hermingway in Terms of
Literary Stylistics. The International Journal of Language Society &
Culture.
..
~-
.
__________
_._
_____
THEME COI\~GURATN
AS STYLISTIC REAl,IZATION
O:F PANTUN MEL4YU LAN(1K4TWEDDING CEREMONY
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program
In Partbd FuUUlin•mt of the Requirements for the Degree of
iVlg~ter
Humaniora
BY:
I
S'l'ATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
f
20ll
,,
\.
11
.
-~·
..
~-
.
__________
_._
_____
THEME COI\~GURATN
AS STYLISTIC REAl,IZATION
O:F PANTUN MEL4YU LAN(1K4TWEDDING CEREMONY
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program
In Partbd FuUUlin•mt of the Requirements for the Degree of
iVlg~ter
Humaniora
BY:
I
S'l'ATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
f
20ll
,,
\.
11
.
THEME CONFIGURATION AS STYLISTIC REALIZATION OF
PANTUN MELAYU LANGKATWEDDING CEREMONY
By
l
UMMIUMARA
~.·
Registration Number: 082188330060
.J
Presented to State University ofMedan in Partial Fulfillment
I
of Requirements for Magister Humaniora
This Thesis was examined on June 24 1\2011 by the Board of Examiners
Approved by
Adviser Commission
APPROVAL
This Thesis was examined on June 24th, 2011 by the Board
Board of Examiners
1. Prof. Hj. Tina Mariany Arifin. M. A. Ph. D.(
NIP. 19440302 196902 2 001
2. Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning. M. Pd.
NIP. 19590713 198601 1 001
3. Prof. Amrin Saragih, M. A. Ph.D.
NIP. 19550113 198203 1 002
4. Dr. Didik Santoso. M. Pd.
NIP. 19660616 199403 1 006
5. Dr. Apni Holila Pulungan. M. Hum.
NIP.19700522 200112 2 001
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First and foremost, the writer would like to direct her very special expression
to Allah SWT the almighty and most merciful for the continuous blessing good health
and luck until this piece of academic achievement appears in its present forms. The
sincerest shalawat and greetings are also given to the great prophet Muhammad SAW
for his invaluable struggle in making the people's life better.
The writer has to confess that numerous people have given the care attention,
and motivation, but she can not list all names. However some deserve her very
special thankfulness as the following to Prof. Hj. Tina Mariany Arifin, M.A., Ph.D
as the first Adviser who should be sincerely appreciated for her great supervision and
precious time spent in giving the direct guidance suggestions in the completion of
writing this thesis. As former head of the English Applied Linguistics, she
desrv~
the entire appraisal for her great care to the students. To Prof. Dr. Busmin Guming,
M. Pd., as the second adviser and also as the head English Applied Linguistics for
his supervision, great advice and suggestion from the first draft of this thesis until its
present form. To Prof. Amrin Saragih, M. A., Ph. D., Dr. Didik Santoso M. Pd and
Dr. Anni Pulungan, M. Hum, as reviewers and examiners are greatly acknowledge for
the constructive feedback in shaping up this thesis. To Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing,
M. Pd., as the secretary of English Applied Linguistics the assistance in the process
of setteling the administrative processes during her study.
Her thanks also go to all her lecturers, Prof. M. Butar-butar, M. A., Ph. D.,
Prof. M. Silitonga, M.A., Ph. D., and Prof. Dr. J. Naibaho, Prof. Dr. Berlin Sibarani
M. Pd., for their great and valuable contribution in increasing her insights and skills
in English Applied Linguistics during the course of her studies.
A very special gratitude is forwarded to her beloved parents Drs. H. M. Yusuf
Abdullah, M. A. and Dra. Hj. Saudah, for their super attention in giving the best
education and continuous love and pray as a full support and motivation in
completing her academic years, her lovely brothers and sisters: Naufal Azmi, S. Pd. I
and his wife Syafrida Amd. Kom, Zuama Nadia S. Pd. I, Husnul Yaqin, and Farah
Dhiba and also my sweetie nieces: Syakira Azura Azmi, Athalia Humaira Azmi, and
NaifaAzmi.
In addition, she acknowledges with thanks the lovely friendship of her
classmate intake XIV; Yenni, Ima, K'berutu, K'uti, K'ning, Lovina, K'juniar, Dian,
Anim, K'datulina, B'andi, B'salman, P'pur, P'sardon, Mandra, B'ilham, B'reza,
Surya, P'marudut, P' Amar, P' Arsen, and also her colleagues at STAI- Jam'iyah
Mahmudiyah Tanjung Pura for offering her the internship opportunities in their
groups and leading her working on diverse exciting research.
Finally, her wise words are directed to Allah SWT for the reward in life.
Medan, 18th July 2011
The~
UMMIUMARA
Reg. Number.082188330060
ii
ABSTRACT
Umara, Ummi. Registration Number: 082188330060. Theme Configuration
as Stylistic Realization of Pantun Me/ayu Langkat Wedding Ceremony. A
Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program. Post Graduate School.
State University ofMedan. 2011.
This study presents the existence of Theme configuration in pantun of
hailing the groom of Melayu Lang/cat wedding ceremony. The objectives of the
study are to investigate the types of Theme use in pantun Melayu Lang/cat, to
describe the processes of configuring Theme, and to find out the reasons for using
such style in pantun Melayu Lang/cat. The data are gathered from pantun uttered
by mediator in hailing the groom. In addition, in-depth interview were held to
gather more and specific data. Then, those are analyzed by applying some steps as
usually used in descriptive qualitative research. Firstly, the data is identified
which is pantun, coding pantun that involve Theme configuration, classifying
pantun based on the types, the process of Theme and the reasons of Theme
configuration, next, tabulating the classified data to find out the percentages of the
types, discussing and summarizing the fmdings. The findings indicate that there
were 228 clauses. It was found that the proportions of Theme configuration based
on Markedness: Unmarked 147 (64.47%), Marked 81 (35,53%), based on Simple
and Multiple Themes; Simple Theme 138 (60.5%), and Multiple Themes 90
(39,5%). The type dominantly used is Unmarked Simple Theme. The process of
Theme configuration performed by addresser (mediator) when they utteredpantun
to the addressee (mediator), through the last tone in Rheme the next clause
constructs. The reasons for using unmarked Simple Theme is described based on
context of situation namely field, tenor and mode.
iii
ABSTRAK
Umara, Ummi. Registration Nim: 082188330060. Theme Configuration as
StyHstic Realization of Pantun Melayu Langkat Wedding Ceremony. Tesis.
Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah Pascasarjana.
Universitas Negeri Medan. 2011.
Penelitian ini memaparkan keberadaan konfigurasi Tema dalam pantun
menyambut pengantin pada acara perkawinan suku Melayu Langkat. Tujuan
penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan jenis konfigurasi Tema apa saja yang ada
pada pantun Melayu Langkat, menemukan proses pembentukannya, menemukan
alasan penggunaannya pada pantun Melayu Langkat. Sebagai tambahan
wawancara juga digunakan untuk memperoleh data yang lebih spesifik. Data di
ambil dari pantun yang disampaikan oleh seorang telangkai dalam acara
menyambut pengantin. Data dianalisis berdasarkan langkah- langkah yang sering
digunakan dalam penelitian kualitatif. Pertama data yang di dapat diidentifikasi
yang manakah pantun, menandai pantun yang didalamnya terdapat konfigurasi
Tema, mengklasifikasikannya berdasarkan jenis, proses pembentukannya dan
alasan dari konfigurasi Tema kemudian mentabulasi data yang telah
diklasifikasiakan untuk mendapatkan persentasi jenis Tema tersebut. Teakhir
mendiskusikan dan merangkum temuan. Temuan mengindikasikan ada 228
klausa. Berdasarkan porsi konfigurasi tema di temukanlah porsi Tema Iazim 14 7
(64.47%), tidak lazim 81 (35,53%), berdasarkan simplicity; Tema tunggall38
(60.5%), and Tema majemuk 90 (39,5%). Jenis konfigura:;i Tema di dominasi
Tema lazim tunggal telangkai. Proses teljadinya konfigurasi teljadi saat telangkai
menyampai pantun melalui kata atr.u bunyi terakhir pada Rema (tema baru) Tema
selanjutnya terbentuk. Alasan penggunaan konfigurasi tema lazim tunggal
dijelaskan berdasarkan kontek situasi yaitu isi, pelibat, dan cara.
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iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .•....................................................................... i
ABSTRACT ................................•............................................................... iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
..•.........................•..................................•......... v
LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................... viii
LIST OF PICTURES .................................................................................. ix
LIST OFTABLES .............•...............................•......................................... X
LIST OF APPENDICES
••.•..........................................................•........ xi
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ............................................................ I
1.1 The Background ofthe Study
.................................... 1
1.2 The Problems ofthe Study ............................................. 4
1.3 The Objective ofthe Study ............................................. 4
1.4 The Scope of the
~tudy
................................................... 5
1.5 The Significance of the Study ......................................... 5
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF· LITERATURE ........................................ 7
2. 1 Stylistics .......................................................................... 7
2.2 Theme Configuration ...................................................... I 0
2.2.1 Unmarked and Marked Theme ............................... 11
2.2.2 Simple and Multiple Theme ................................... 14
2.3 Information Stucture ........................................................ 17
2.4 Context of Situation ......................................................... 19
2.5 Melayu Society ................................................................ 2I
2.5 .1 Language of Melayu ............................................... 25
2.5.1.1 Pantun ......................................................... 25
2.5.I.2 Kinds of Pantun .......................................... 27
2.5.2 Wedding in Melayu .............................................. 30
v
2.5.2.1 Pre-wedding ............................................. 30
2.5.2.2 Wedding .................................................... 31
2.5.2.3 Post-wedding ........................................... 37
2.6 Conceptual Framework ................................................... 37
2.7 Previous Research .......................................................... 38
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD .................................................... 40
3.1 Research Design ............................................................. 40
3 .2 Data Sources ................................................................... 41
3.3 Instrument of Data Collection ........................................ 41
3.4 Technique of Data Collection ........................................ 41
3.5 Technique of Data Analysis ........................................... 41
3.6 Trusworthiness of the Study ............................................ 43
3.6.1 Credibility .............................................................. 43
3.6.2 Transferability ........................................................ 43
3.6.3. Dependeba1ity ....................................................... 43
3.6.4 Conformability ....................................................... 44
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS, FINDING AN~
DISCUSSION .... 45
4.1 Data Description ............................................................. 45
4.1.1 Types of Theme Configuration ............................ 45
4.1.2 Process of Theme Configuration .......................... 51
4.1.2.1 Information Structure ............................... 51
4.1.3 Reason for Theme Configuration ......................... 52
4.2 Findings .......................................................................... 53
4.3 Discussion ...................................................................... 54
vi
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............................ 57
5.1 Conclusion ..................................................................... 57
5.2 Suggestion ..................................................................... 58
REFERENCES ............................................................................................ 59
vii
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
2. I The Classification of Theme and Rheme ...................................... 11
2.2 Unmarked Theme ......................................................................... 12
2.3 Marked Theme ............................................................................. 12
2.4 Unmarked Theme in Term of Pantun ........................................... 13
2.5 Marked Theme in Term of Pantun ................................................ 13
2.6 The Classification of Given and New Information ........................ 18
4.1 The Frequency of the Occurrences of
Unmarked and Marked Theme ................................................... 45
4.2 The Frequency of the Occurrences of Simple
and Multiple Themes .................................................................... 47
X
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure
Page
2.1 The Relationship among Linguistics and Literary Criticism or
Language and Literature in Stylistics ........................................... 8
viii
LIST OF PICTURES
Picture
Page
2.1 Kinds ofLeaves forTepung Tawar............................................... 33
2.2 Tepak ........................................................................................... 35
ix
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX
Page
A ............................................................................................. 62
B
............................................................................................. 84
c ............................................................................................ 121
xi
CHAPTERV
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
Having analyzing the data, the conclusions were stated as the followings:
1.
There were several types of Theme use in pantun Melayu wedding
ceremony namely: Markedness (Unmarked and Marked Themes), Simple
Theme and Multiple Themes. Unmarked Simple Theme dominates
in Theme configuration of Pantun Melayu Langkat wedding ceremony
especially in hailing the groom.
2. There were two kinds of the processes of configuration of Theme
performed by addresser (mediator) when they uttered pantun to the
addressee (mediator), namely Given and New information. The given
information was needed to structure the couplet in pantun. The existence
of new information in the end of a clause also helped mediator to
accelerate the tone inpantun.
3. There were three reasons such a style use in pantun melayu wedding
ceremony namely field, tenor and mode. In the term of field, arguing
with pantun is only happen in hailing the groom of Melayu wedding
ceremony.
In the aspect of tenor, the participant (mediator) should be a
man who had highly understanding about Malayu tradition. The
creativity, accuracy and velocity were a must for the participant. The last
57
58
is mode. Pantun in hailing the groom was face to face interaction which
the channel is spoken language.
5.2 Suggestions
_Relating to the conclusions that had been stated, the suggestions give are as
the following.
1. The educator that plays an important role in teaching Sociolinguistics and
Cross Culture Understanding have to give attention, not only for foreign
and Indonesian but also to the cultures of vernacular. In this case Melayu
culture, indirectly this is the way to enrich Melayu literature in an available
resources.
2. The other researchers, is expected to more research about Melayu Langkat
.'
Wedding Ceremony from different emphasis. So, more information about
pantun Me/ayu and its wedding ceremony can be presented not only as a
kind of information to the non-native of Melayu people but also to be
practiced by the native of Melayu people.
3. The performer of Melayu tradition is almost lost; it means that Malayu
cultural maintenance is needed to protect the tradition of Malayu. So that
the government should have some important role to maintain the heritage
of Melayu Langkat, especially the pantun. This is done by including
Melayu language as the local curriculum and adding extra time to teach
pantun in Bahasa Indonesia subject at schools.
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