Analisis Kemampuan Perawat Dalam Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi Nosokomial di Rumah Sakit Umum Mitra Medika Medan Tahun 2016

ABSTRAK

Infeksi nosokomial sangat berpengaruh terhadap kondisi kesehatan pasien
secara menyeluruh dan dapat meningkatkan morbiditas serta mortalitas. Akan tetapi,
angka kejadian infeksi nosokomial hingga saat ini masih tinggi. Di RSU Mitra
Medika Medan tercatat sebesar 17,39% selama periode Maret-Desember 2015.
Masalah pada penelitian ini adalah kurangnya kemampuan perawat dalam mencegah
dan mengendalikan infeksi nosokomial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk
mengetahui dan menganalisis kemampuan perawat terkait hal tersebut serta
determinannya di RSU Mitra Medika Medan.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan interaktif.
Sumber informan sebanyak 7 orang perawat pelaksana, 7 orang kepala ruang dan 1
orang IPCN. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, studi dokumentasi
dan observasi. Analisis diuraikan dalam bentuk deskriptif melalui langkah
pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 8 kemampuan perawat dalam
pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi nosokomial belum sesuai dengan aturan
menurut WHO. Determinan dalam pelaksanaannya antara lain pendidikan perawat,
lama bekerja, tempat tugas, kebutuhan SDM dan alat pendukung, kenyamanan
terhadap fasilitas pendukung, pelatihan/sosialisasi, monitoring dan evaluasi serta
koordinasi antar unit.

Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa kemampuan perawat dalam pencegahan dan
pengendalian infeksi nosokomial di RSU Mitra Medika Medan masih belum optimal
dan banyak hambatan dalam pelaksanaannya. Disarankan bagi manajemen rumah
sakit dan Tim PPI untuk melakukan penyegaran kembali materi tentang PPI,
mengadakan pertemuan rutin, monitoring terhadap penerapan SPO, melaksanakan
evaluasi di semua unit perawatan dan menambah fasilitas pendukung serta SDM
sesuai kebutuhan.

Kata Kunci : Kemampuan, Perawat, Pencegahan dan Pengendalian, Infeksi
Nosokomial

i
Universitas Sumatera Utara

ABSTRACT

Nosocomial infections were very influential on the patient's overall health
condition and can increase morbidity as well as mortality. However, the nosocomial
infections incidence was still high. There were 17.39 % cases at Mitra Medika
Hospital, Medan during March-December 2015. This study problem was the lack of

nurses’ ability in the prevention and control of nosocomial infections. This study
purpose was to determine and analyze the nurses’ ability related to it as well as the
determinant at Mitra Medika Hospital, Medan.
The study was a qualitative research with an interactive approach. The
informants consisted of 7 executive nurses, 7 ward heads, and 1 IPCN. The data were
gathered by in-depth interviews, documentary study, and observation. The analysis
outlined in descriptive form through the steps of data collection, data reduction, data
presentation and conclusion.
The results showed that the 8 nurses’ ability in the prevention and control of
nosocomial infections has not been in accordance with WHO rules. Determinant in
its application included the nurse education, work length, work locations, need for
human resources and support tools, comfortability of the support facilities,
training/socialization, monitoring and evaluation as well as coordination among
units.
Conclusion of the study was that the nurses’ ability in the prevention and
control of nosocomial infections at this hospital was still not optimal and there were
many obstacles in its application. Suggested for hospital management and IPC team
to conduct refresher material about IPC, hold regular meetings, monitor of the
application of the SOPs, conduct evaluations in all care units and add support
facilities as well as human resources as needed.

Keywords: Ability, Nurse, Prevention and Control, Nosocomial Infections

ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara