Pengaruh Kombinasi NAA dan Kinetin Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perubahan Planlet dari Tunas Apikal Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
24
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abdullah R., Zainal A., Heng W. Y., Li L. C., Beng Y. C., Phing L. M.,
Sirajuddin S. A., Ping W. Y. S., Joseph J. L., Jusoh S. A., Muad M. R
and Huey Y. L. 2005. Immature Embryo: A usefull Tool for Oil Palm
(Elaeis guineensis Jaqc.) Genetic Transformation Study. Electron
Journal Biothecnology. 8: 24-23.
Ahee
J, P. Arthuis, G. Cas, Y. Duval, G.Guenin, J.Hanower, P.
Hanower,D.Lievoux, C.Lioret, B.Malaurie,C.Pannetier, C. Raillot, D.
Varechon and L.Zuckermann. 1981. La Multiplication Vegetatif in vitro
Du Palmier a Huile Par Embryogenese Somatique. Oleagineux, 36(3),
113-118.
Angestiwi D. 2007. Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pupuk Daun dan Macam Media
Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Anthurium (Anthurium jemanii).
[Skripsi]. Surakarta: UNS.
Astuti N. 2014. Pertumbuhan Eksplan Tunas Apikal Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis
guineensis Jacq.) pada Media MS dengan Kombinasi BAP dan 2,4-D.
[Skripsi]. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara, Program Sarjana.
Aulia, I. 2014. Pengaruh Pemberian 2,4-D dan Frekuensi Subkultur terhadap
Perubahan Genetik Kalus dari Kalus Bunga Betina Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis
guineensis Jacq.). [Skripsi]. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara,
Program Sarjana.
Bassam, B. J., Caetano-Anollés, G., and Gresshoff, P. M. 1991. Fast and Sensitive
Silver Staining of DNA in Polyacrylamide Gels. Analytical Biochemistry.
196: 80.
Bayzura, E. N. 2014. Pengaruh 2,4-D dan Frekuensi Subkultur Terhadap
Perubahan Genetik Kultur Apikal Bud Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis
Jacq.) pada Media MS. [Skripsi]. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara,
Program Sarjana.
Corley R H V and Tinker P B. 2003. The Oil Palm. Fourth Edition. Blackwell
Science. Oxford.
Corley, R. H. V., C. H. Lee, I. H. Law & C. Y. Wong. 1986. Abnormal flower
development in oil palm clones. ThePlanter.62, 233-240.
Decruse S. W., Gangaprasad A, Seeni S, and Sarajini M. V. 2003.
Micropropagation and Ecorestoration of Vanda spathulata, an Exquisite
Orchid. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. 72:199-202.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
25
Doyle, J. J. and J. L. Doyle. 1990. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for fresh
plant tissue. Focus. 12: 13-15.
Duncan, R.R. 1997. Tissue Culture-Induced Variation and Crop Improvement.
Advice Agronom. 58:201-240.
Duran-Gasselin T. Y, Duval L, Baudouin A. B. Maheran K, Konan and J.M.Noire
1993. Description and Degree of The Mantled Flowering Abnormality in
Oil Palm (Elaeis quineensis Jacq.) Clones Produced Using The OrstamCIRADProcedure. In Proc. of the 1993 ISOPBInt. Symp. Recent
Development in OilPalm Tissue Culture andBiotechnology. Kuala
Lumpur, 14-15September, 1993, p.48-63.
Eeuwens C J et al. 2002. Effects of Tissue Culture Condition During Embryoid
Mutiplication on the Incidence of Mantled Flowering in Clonally
Propagated Oil Palm. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture. 70:311-323.
Eeuwens, C.J., Lord, S.C.R., Donough, V.R., Vallejo, G. and Nelson, S.
2002.Effects of Tissue Culture Conditions During Embryoid
Multiplication on the Incidence of “Mantled” Flowering in Clonally
Propagated Oil Palm.Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture. 70: 311-323.
Feher A., Paternak T. P and Dudits D. 2003. Transition of Somatic Plant Cells to
an Embryogenic State. Plant Cell Tissue Orgaan Culture. 74: 201-228.
Fereol L., Chovelon V., Cause M., Michaux-Ferriere N and Kahane R. 2002.
Evidence of a Somatic Embryogenesis Process for Plant Regeneration in
Galic (Allium sativum L.). Plant Cell Reports. 21: 197-203.
Flick, C.E., D.A. Evans, and W.R. Sharp. 1993. Organogenesis.In D.A. Evans,
W.R. Sharp, P.V. Amirato, and T.Yamada (eds.) Handbook of Plant Cell
Culture CollierMacmillan. Publisher London. 13-81.
Gaj M. D. 2001. Direct Somatic Embryogenesis as a Rapid and Efficient System
for in vitro Regeneration of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell and Organ
Culture. 64: 39-46.
Gaj M. D. 2004. Factors Influencing Somatic Embryogenesis Induction and Plant
Regeneration with Particular Reference to Arabidopsis thaliana (L.)
Heynh. Plant Growth Regulator. 43: 27-47.
Gardner F. P., Pearce R. B and Roger M. 2008. Fisiologi Tanaman Budidaya. UI
Press. Jakarta.
George E. F and P. D. Sherrington. 1984. Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture.
Estern Press. England.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
26
George, E.F. and Sherrington, P.D. 1984. Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture
handbook and Directory of Comercial Laboratories. England. Exegetic
Ltd. Easterm Press. England.
Goldsworthy, A. and M.G. Mina. 1991. Electrical Patterns of Tobacco Cells in
Media Containing Indole-3-Acetic Acid or2,4-D. Planta. 183:386-373.
Grifftihs A. J. F, Suzuki J, Miller H, and Lewontin RC. 1993. An Introduction
Genetic Analysis. Fifth edition. W.H. Freeman and Co. 840p.
Gunawan L. W. 1988. Teknik Kultur jaringan Tumbuhan. Laboratorium Kultur
Jaringan. Pusat Antar Universitas (PAU) Bioteknologi. IPB. Bogor.
Hariati S. 2010. Pengaruh Macam Ekstrak Bahan Organik dan ZPT Terhadap
Pertumbuhan Planlet Anggrek Hasil Persilangan pada Media Kultur.
Caraka XXV No. 1.
Hartley, C. W. S. 1977. The Oil Palm (Elaeis guneensis Jacq.). Longmans
London.
Hartley, C. W. S. 1988. The Oil Palm. Third Edition. New York: Longman
Scientific and Technical, Conpublished in the United State with John
Wiley and Son Inc.
Huetterman C. A and Preece J. E. 1993. Thidiazuron a Potent Cytokinin for
Woody Plant Tissue Culture. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture. 33: 105119.
Jones L. H. 1991. Endogenous Cytokinin in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Callus, Embryoids
and Regenerant Plants Measured by
Radioimmunoassay. Plant Cell TissueOrgan Culture.20 : 201 - 209.
Jones, L.H. 1991. Endogenous Cytokinin in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Callus,
Embryoids
and
Regenerant
plants
Measured
by
Radioimmunoassay. Plant Cell TissueOrgan Culture.20: 201-209.
Karjadi A. K dan Buchory A. 2007. Pengaruh NAA dan BAP Terhadap
Pertumbuhan Jaringan Meristem Bawang Putih pada Media B5. Jurnal
Horticultural. 17 (3): 217-223.
Karp A. 1995. Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement. Euphytica, 185,295302.
Karp, A. 1995. Somaclonal Variation as a Tool For Crop Improvement.
Euphytica. 185: 295-302.
Karunaratne S and Periyapperuma K. 1990. Culture of Immature Embryos of
Coconut, Cocos nucifera L. Callus Proliferation and Somatic
Embryogenesis. COCOS. 8(1): 13-22.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
27
Kasi, P.D. dan Sumaryono, 2006. Perkembangan Kalus Embriogenik Sagu
(Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) pada Tiga Sistem Kultur in vitro. Menara
Perkebunan. 76: 1-9.
Khaleghi, A. Khalighi, A. Sahraroo, M. Karimi, A. Rasoulnia, I.N. Ghafoori and
R. Ataei. 2008. In vitroPropagation of Alstroemeria cv. ‘Fuego’. AmEur. Journal of Agriculture andEnvironment Science. 3 (3): 492-497.
Khawniam T and Te-chato S. 2012. Cryopreservation of Embryogenic Callus of
Hybrid Tenera Oil Palm by Dehydration Technique and Evaluation of
Somaclonal Variation by SSR Marker. Journal of Agricultural. 8(6):
2115-2125.
Kumar A. 1995. Somaklonal Variation and Molecular Genetics Department.
Scottish Crop Research Institute. Invergrowrie Dundee. Canada. p. 197212.
Kumari, P. I. George, S. T and Rajmohan, K. 2013. Influence of Plant Growth
Regulators on In Vitro Clonal Propagation of Dendrobium sonia
Earsakul. Journal Bio Innovation. 2 (2): 51-58.
Larkin P. J and Scowcroft W. R. 1981. Somaclonal variation-a novel source of
variability from cell culture for plant improvement. Theoritical and
Applied genetics. 60 : 197 -214
Leroy X. J, Leon K, and Branchard M. 2000. BIP-ISSR and Somaclonal
Variation; A New Molecular Technique for A Important In Vitro
Phenomenon. Plant Biotechnol Mol Genet. ISSN: 0717-3458. Unawan
Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso-Chile.
Lestari E G. 2011. Peranan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh dalam Perbanyakan Tanaman
Melalui Kultur Jaringan. Jurnal AgroBiogen. 7 (1): 63-68.
Lubis A. 1992. Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Indonesia. Pusat
Penelitian Perkebunan Marihat. Sumatera Utara.
Mariska I dan Sukmadjaja D. 2003. Kultur Jaringan Abaka. Balai Penelitian
Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetika pertanian.
Miyashita, T., Takafumi, O., Fukashi, S., Hajime, A &Yoichiro, H.2009. Plant
Regeneration With Maintenance Of The Endosperm Ploidy Level By
Endosperm Culture In Lonicera caerulea var. Emphyllocalyx.Plant Cell
Tissue and Organ Culture. 98(3) :291-301.
Nasution, S. S. 2014. Pertumbuhan Eksplan Bunga Betina kelapa Sawit (Elaeis
guineensis Jacq.) pada Media MS dengan Kombinasi 2,4-D dan BAP.
[Skripsi]. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara, Program Sarjana.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
28
Pannetier C. P. Arthuis and D.Et Lievoux. 1981. Neoformation de Jeunes Plantes
d’Elaeis guineensis a Partir de Cals Primaries Obtenus Sur Fragments
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Paranjothy K, Othman R, Tan C. C, Wang G, Soh A. C.1993. Incidence of
Abnormalities in Relation to in vitro Protocols. Di dalam : Rao V. et al,
editor. Recent Development in OilPalm Tissue Culture and
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Paranjothy, K.R. Othman, C.C., Tan, G., Wang and Soh, A.C. 1993. Incidence of
Abnormalities in Relation to in Vitro Protocols. In Proc the 1993 ISOPB
Int. Symp. Recent Development in Oil Palm Tissue Culture and
Biotechnology. Kuala Lumpur.
Pereira, E.S., Zanderluce, G.L. and Talita, A.B. 2013. New Approaches to
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of methods for callus culture andplant regeneration of RD-25 rice (Oryza
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Rafalski, A. 1996. The comparison of RFLP, RAPD, AFLP and SSR
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Regeneration of Hypocotyls Segments of Psoralea corylifolia Lin. An
Endangered and Medicinally Important Fabacea Plant. Current Science.
81(10):1328-1331.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
29
Sanputawong S and Te-chato S. 2011. Analysis of Somaclonal Variation of
Callus, Somatic Embryo and Plant Regeneration of in vitro Oil Palm
(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Journal of Agricultural Technology. 7:531-545.
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Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
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Concentration of NAA and BAP on Micropropagation of Alstroemeria.
European Journal of Experimental Biology. 3(5): 133-136.
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Somatik Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Dari Eksplan Daun.
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Singh R., Nagappan J., Tan S. G., Panandam J. M and Cheah S. C. 2007.
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and Their Application in Gnetic Mapping ang Fingerprinting of Tissue
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Biothecnology. 13(3): 121-131.
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Somaclonal Variation. Horticultural Science. 29: 1232-1237.
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Polymorphic DNA Markers. Plant Physiology. 101:349-352.
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abnormalitas tanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) hasil kultur
jaringan dengan teknik Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD).
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Embryogenic Suspensions Culture of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.).
Plant Cell Reports.
Urdiroz M., Garrido-Galo N., Martin J. J and Barondiaran X. 2004. Effect of
Light on the Organogenic Ability of Garlic Roots Using a One-step in
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Cambribge Univ. Press.
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Terjemahan dari: Plant Tissue Culture Methods.
Widiastoety D. 2014. Pengaruh Auksin dan Sitokinin Terhadap Pertumbuhan
Planlet Anggrek Mokara. Jurnal Horticultural. 24(3): 230-238.
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Research Institute of Malaysia. 3-10.
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Planters.
Zulkarnain. 2009. Kultur Jaringan Tanaman. Edisi 1. Cetakan ke-1. Bumi Aksara.
Jakarta.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abdullah R., Zainal A., Heng W. Y., Li L. C., Beng Y. C., Phing L. M.,
Sirajuddin S. A., Ping W. Y. S., Joseph J. L., Jusoh S. A., Muad M. R
and Huey Y. L. 2005. Immature Embryo: A usefull Tool for Oil Palm
(Elaeis guineensis Jaqc.) Genetic Transformation Study. Electron
Journal Biothecnology. 8: 24-23.
Ahee
J, P. Arthuis, G. Cas, Y. Duval, G.Guenin, J.Hanower, P.
Hanower,D.Lievoux, C.Lioret, B.Malaurie,C.Pannetier, C. Raillot, D.
Varechon and L.Zuckermann. 1981. La Multiplication Vegetatif in vitro
Du Palmier a Huile Par Embryogenese Somatique. Oleagineux, 36(3),
113-118.
Angestiwi D. 2007. Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pupuk Daun dan Macam Media
Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Anthurium (Anthurium jemanii).
[Skripsi]. Surakarta: UNS.
Astuti N. 2014. Pertumbuhan Eksplan Tunas Apikal Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis
guineensis Jacq.) pada Media MS dengan Kombinasi BAP dan 2,4-D.
[Skripsi]. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara, Program Sarjana.
Aulia, I. 2014. Pengaruh Pemberian 2,4-D dan Frekuensi Subkultur terhadap
Perubahan Genetik Kalus dari Kalus Bunga Betina Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis
guineensis Jacq.). [Skripsi]. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara,
Program Sarjana.
Bassam, B. J., Caetano-Anollés, G., and Gresshoff, P. M. 1991. Fast and Sensitive
Silver Staining of DNA in Polyacrylamide Gels. Analytical Biochemistry.
196: 80.
Bayzura, E. N. 2014. Pengaruh 2,4-D dan Frekuensi Subkultur Terhadap
Perubahan Genetik Kultur Apikal Bud Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis
Jacq.) pada Media MS. [Skripsi]. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara,
Program Sarjana.
Corley R H V and Tinker P B. 2003. The Oil Palm. Fourth Edition. Blackwell
Science. Oxford.
Corley, R. H. V., C. H. Lee, I. H. Law & C. Y. Wong. 1986. Abnormal flower
development in oil palm clones. ThePlanter.62, 233-240.
Decruse S. W., Gangaprasad A, Seeni S, and Sarajini M. V. 2003.
Micropropagation and Ecorestoration of Vanda spathulata, an Exquisite
Orchid. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. 72:199-202.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
25
Doyle, J. J. and J. L. Doyle. 1990. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for fresh
plant tissue. Focus. 12: 13-15.
Duncan, R.R. 1997. Tissue Culture-Induced Variation and Crop Improvement.
Advice Agronom. 58:201-240.
Duran-Gasselin T. Y, Duval L, Baudouin A. B. Maheran K, Konan and J.M.Noire
1993. Description and Degree of The Mantled Flowering Abnormality in
Oil Palm (Elaeis quineensis Jacq.) Clones Produced Using The OrstamCIRADProcedure. In Proc. of the 1993 ISOPBInt. Symp. Recent
Development in OilPalm Tissue Culture andBiotechnology. Kuala
Lumpur, 14-15September, 1993, p.48-63.
Eeuwens C J et al. 2002. Effects of Tissue Culture Condition During Embryoid
Mutiplication on the Incidence of Mantled Flowering in Clonally
Propagated Oil Palm. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture. 70:311-323.
Eeuwens, C.J., Lord, S.C.R., Donough, V.R., Vallejo, G. and Nelson, S.
2002.Effects of Tissue Culture Conditions During Embryoid
Multiplication on the Incidence of “Mantled” Flowering in Clonally
Propagated Oil Palm.Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture. 70: 311-323.
Feher A., Paternak T. P and Dudits D. 2003. Transition of Somatic Plant Cells to
an Embryogenic State. Plant Cell Tissue Orgaan Culture. 74: 201-228.
Fereol L., Chovelon V., Cause M., Michaux-Ferriere N and Kahane R. 2002.
Evidence of a Somatic Embryogenesis Process for Plant Regeneration in
Galic (Allium sativum L.). Plant Cell Reports. 21: 197-203.
Flick, C.E., D.A. Evans, and W.R. Sharp. 1993. Organogenesis.In D.A. Evans,
W.R. Sharp, P.V. Amirato, and T.Yamada (eds.) Handbook of Plant Cell
Culture CollierMacmillan. Publisher London. 13-81.
Gaj M. D. 2001. Direct Somatic Embryogenesis as a Rapid and Efficient System
for in vitro Regeneration of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell and Organ
Culture. 64: 39-46.
Gaj M. D. 2004. Factors Influencing Somatic Embryogenesis Induction and Plant
Regeneration with Particular Reference to Arabidopsis thaliana (L.)
Heynh. Plant Growth Regulator. 43: 27-47.
Gardner F. P., Pearce R. B and Roger M. 2008. Fisiologi Tanaman Budidaya. UI
Press. Jakarta.
George E. F and P. D. Sherrington. 1984. Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture.
Estern Press. England.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
26
George, E.F. and Sherrington, P.D. 1984. Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture
handbook and Directory of Comercial Laboratories. England. Exegetic
Ltd. Easterm Press. England.
Goldsworthy, A. and M.G. Mina. 1991. Electrical Patterns of Tobacco Cells in
Media Containing Indole-3-Acetic Acid or2,4-D. Planta. 183:386-373.
Grifftihs A. J. F, Suzuki J, Miller H, and Lewontin RC. 1993. An Introduction
Genetic Analysis. Fifth edition. W.H. Freeman and Co. 840p.
Gunawan L. W. 1988. Teknik Kultur jaringan Tumbuhan. Laboratorium Kultur
Jaringan. Pusat Antar Universitas (PAU) Bioteknologi. IPB. Bogor.
Hariati S. 2010. Pengaruh Macam Ekstrak Bahan Organik dan ZPT Terhadap
Pertumbuhan Planlet Anggrek Hasil Persilangan pada Media Kultur.
Caraka XXV No. 1.
Hartley, C. W. S. 1977. The Oil Palm (Elaeis guneensis Jacq.). Longmans
London.
Hartley, C. W. S. 1988. The Oil Palm. Third Edition. New York: Longman
Scientific and Technical, Conpublished in the United State with John
Wiley and Son Inc.
Huetterman C. A and Preece J. E. 1993. Thidiazuron a Potent Cytokinin for
Woody Plant Tissue Culture. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture. 33: 105119.
Jones L. H. 1991. Endogenous Cytokinin in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Callus, Embryoids
and Regenerant Plants Measured by
Radioimmunoassay. Plant Cell TissueOrgan Culture.20 : 201 - 209.
Jones, L.H. 1991. Endogenous Cytokinin in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Callus,
Embryoids
and
Regenerant
plants
Measured
by
Radioimmunoassay. Plant Cell TissueOrgan Culture.20: 201-209.
Karjadi A. K dan Buchory A. 2007. Pengaruh NAA dan BAP Terhadap
Pertumbuhan Jaringan Meristem Bawang Putih pada Media B5. Jurnal
Horticultural. 17 (3): 217-223.
Karp A. 1995. Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement. Euphytica, 185,295302.
Karp, A. 1995. Somaclonal Variation as a Tool For Crop Improvement.
Euphytica. 185: 295-302.
Karunaratne S and Periyapperuma K. 1990. Culture of Immature Embryos of
Coconut, Cocos nucifera L. Callus Proliferation and Somatic
Embryogenesis. COCOS. 8(1): 13-22.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
27
Kasi, P.D. dan Sumaryono, 2006. Perkembangan Kalus Embriogenik Sagu
(Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) pada Tiga Sistem Kultur in vitro. Menara
Perkebunan. 76: 1-9.
Khaleghi, A. Khalighi, A. Sahraroo, M. Karimi, A. Rasoulnia, I.N. Ghafoori and
R. Ataei. 2008. In vitroPropagation of Alstroemeria cv. ‘Fuego’. AmEur. Journal of Agriculture andEnvironment Science. 3 (3): 492-497.
Khawniam T and Te-chato S. 2012. Cryopreservation of Embryogenic Callus of
Hybrid Tenera Oil Palm by Dehydration Technique and Evaluation of
Somaclonal Variation by SSR Marker. Journal of Agricultural. 8(6):
2115-2125.
Kumar A. 1995. Somaklonal Variation and Molecular Genetics Department.
Scottish Crop Research Institute. Invergrowrie Dundee. Canada. p. 197212.
Kumari, P. I. George, S. T and Rajmohan, K. 2013. Influence of Plant Growth
Regulators on In Vitro Clonal Propagation of Dendrobium sonia
Earsakul. Journal Bio Innovation. 2 (2): 51-58.
Larkin P. J and Scowcroft W. R. 1981. Somaclonal variation-a novel source of
variability from cell culture for plant improvement. Theoritical and
Applied genetics. 60 : 197 -214
Leroy X. J, Leon K, and Branchard M. 2000. BIP-ISSR and Somaclonal
Variation; A New Molecular Technique for A Important In Vitro
Phenomenon. Plant Biotechnol Mol Genet. ISSN: 0717-3458. Unawan
Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso-Chile.
Lestari E G. 2011. Peranan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh dalam Perbanyakan Tanaman
Melalui Kultur Jaringan. Jurnal AgroBiogen. 7 (1): 63-68.
Lubis A. 1992. Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Indonesia. Pusat
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