Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Skrining Fitokimia serta Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak n-heksan Etilasetat dan Etanol Daun Sisik Naga (Pyrrosia piloselloides (L) M.G.Price)

KARAKTERISASI SIMPLISIA DAN SKRINING FITOKIMIA SERTA UJI
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK N-HEKSAN ETILASETAT DAN
ETANOL DAUN SISIK NAGA (Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) M.G.Price)
ABSTRAK

Daun sisik naga (Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) M.G.Price) merupakan
tumbuhan epifit, pada umumnya digunakan masyarakat untuk mengobati beberapa
penyakit seperti radang gusi, batuk, sariawan dan kanker. Tujuan penelitian ini
adalah untuk menentukan karakteristik simplisia, kandungan senyawa kimia dan
aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak n-heksan, etilasetat dan etanol daun sisik naga.
Pemeriksaan karakteristik simplisia meliputi pemeriksaan makroskopik,
mikroskopik, penetapan kadar air, penetapan kadar sari larut air, penetapan kadar
sari larut etanol, penetapan kadar abu total dan penetapan kadar abu tidak larut
asam. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan terhadap serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak nheksan, etilasetat dan etanol daun sisik naga meliputi pemeriksaan golongan
senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, tanin dan steroid. Pengujian
aktivitas antioksidan terhadap ekstrak n-heksan, etilasetat dan etanol daun sisik
naga menggunakan metode pemerangkapan radikal bebas DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazil) setelah 60 menit dengan panjang gelombang 516 nm dan vitamin
C sebagai pembanding.
Hasil pemeriksaan karakteristik simplisia diperoleh kadar air 4,31%, kadar
sari larut air 24,34%, kadar sari larut etanol 8,31%, kadar abu total 6,38%, kadar
abu tidak larut asam 0,47%. Hasil skrining fitokimia serbuk simplisia

mengandung senyawa flavonoid, glikosida, tanin dan steroida. Hasil pengujian
aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksan dan ekstrak etilasetat
daun sisik naga memiliki kekuatan sangat lemah, ekstrak etanol dengan kekuatan
sangat kuat, dengan nilai Inhibtory Concentration (IC50) yang diperoleh dari
ekstrak n-heksan, ekstrak etilasetat dan ekstrak etanol adalah sebesar 648,26 ppm,
453,46 ppm dan 42,62 ppm sedangkan vitamin C diperoleh IC50 sebesar 4,16
ppm.
Kata kunci: Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) M.G.Price, antioksidan, DPPH

vi

SIMPLEX CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL
SCREENING A LONG WITH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ASSAY OF NHEXANA ETHYLACETATE AND ETHANOL EXTRACT OF DRAGON
SCALES LEAVES (Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) M.G.Price)
ABSTRACT
Dragon scales leaves (Pyrrosia pyloselloides (L.) M.G.Price) is an epiphytic
plant, is generally used by the community for treating several diseases such as
gingivitis, mounth sores, cough and cancer. The purpose of this study was to
determine the characteristics of the crude drug, chemical compounds and
antioxidant activity of the n-hexane, ethylacetate and ethanol extract of dragon

scales leaves.
Simplex characterization included macroscopic, microscopic, water
content, water-soluble extract, ethanol-soluble extract, total ash and ash insoluble
in acid. Phytochemical screening of simplex powder included determination
alkaloid, flavonoid, glycoside, saponin, tanin, and steroid. The antioxidant activity
assay of the n-hexane, ethylacetate and ethanol extract of dragon scales leaves
used DPPH (1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) free radical scavenging method after
settling for 60 minutes at room temperature with wave length of 516 nm and
vitamin C as standard of comparison.
The result obtained from simplex characterization were level of water
content 4.31%, level of water-soluble extract 24.34%, level of ethanol-soluble
extract 8.31%, level of total ash 6.38%, and level of ash insoluble in acid 0.47%.
The result of phytochemical screening, contained flavonoid, glycoside, tanin and
steroid. The result of the antioxidant activity in reducing DPPH free radical
showed that n-hexane extract and ethylacetate has very low power, ethanol extract
has very high power, with Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) obtained from n-hexane
extract, ethylacetate extract and ethanol extract amounted to 648.26 ppm, 453.46
ppm dan 42.62 ppm as for IC50 of vitamin C obtained was 4.16 ppm.
Key words: antioxidant, DPPH, Pyrrosia pyloselloides (L).M.G.Price

vii