Language Play in The Names of The Characters in Star Wars Movies.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE.......................................................................................................... i
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................. ii
LIST OF SYMBOLS ........................................................................................ iv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................... v
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study......................................................................... 1
Statement of the Problem ........................................................................ 4
Purpose of the Study ............................................................................... 4
Methods of Research............................................................................... 5
Organization of the Thesis ...................................................................... 5
CHAPTER TWO: THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
Language Play ........................................................................................ 6
Anagrams ................................................................................................ 6
Linguistic Aspects................................................................................... 7
Semantics ................................................................................................ 7
Morphology............................................................................................. 8
Phonology ............................................................................................... 9
Literary Aspects ...................................................................................... 10
Plot .......................................................................................................... 10
Characterization ...................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER THREE: ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE PLAY
IN THE NAMES OF THE CHARACTERS
IN STAR WARS MOVIES .................................................................... 12
CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSIONS ............................................................. 40
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BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................ 45
APPENDICES ................................................................................................... 47
Synopsis of Star Wars Movies ............................................................... 47
Table 1. Data of Analysis ....................................................................... 57
Pictures of the Characters........................................................................ 58
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LIST OF SYMBOLS
1. ↕
anagrams
2. ≈
associative meaning
4. ±
becomes
5. ⊞
compound
3. Î
blending
6. ≤
clipping
7. ►
comes from the process of …
8. ⋊
homophone
9. =
literal meaning
10. ⋑
mimes
11. ⌗
minimal pairs
12. ⋍
synonym
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1. adj.
Adjective
2. adv.
Adverbs
3. n
Noun
4. v
Verb
5. pron. Pronoun
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ABSTRACT
Dalam skripsi ini, penulis membahas nama-nama yang dianggap unik di
dalam film garapan George Lucas, Star Wars. Penulis berusaha mencari tahu apa
makna di balik nama-nama tersebut dan bagaimana nama tersebut menjadi unik
melalui proses linguistik.
Nama-nama yang ada dianalisis dengan proses linguistik, yaitu: Semantics,
Morphology, dan Phonology. Kemudian arti dari nama- nama tersebut dikaitkan
dengan aspek kesusastraan seperti alur dan penokohan yang mendukung jalannya
cerita beserta penokohannya.
Untuk mendukung karyanya yang berupa film fiksi-ilmiah, George Lucas
membutuhkan nama-nama yang unik.
Nama-nama tersebut muncul melalui
permainan kata-kata yang melibatkan unsur-unsur linguistik.
Star Wars adalah sebuah cerita yang bersambung, dimulai dari episode 4-6
atau prekuel episode dan dilanjutkan dengan episode 1-3 yang merupakan sekuel
episode. Lucas lebih banyak menggunakan permainan kata-kata pada penamaan
tokoh di sekuel episode. Tampak jelas bahwa dalam prequel episode, Lucas lebih
dipengaruhi ajaran Budha.
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Skripsi ini membahas seberapa jauh permainan kata-kata digunakan dalam
penamaan tokoh yang unik dalam film Star Wars. Berdasarkan hasil analisis,
makna tersirat di balik setiap nama berkaitan erat dengan karakteristik tokoh
tersebut, baik penampilan fisiknya atau kepribadiannya. Tidak hanya itu, makna
tersirat dari nama-nama tersebut juga berhubungan erat dengan masa depan tokoh
yang bersangkutan.
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APPENDICES
Synopsis of Star Wars Episode 1: The Phantom Menace
This movie begins with two Jedi Knights, QuiGon and his apprentice, Obiwan
Kanobi, who are sent by Chancellor Valorum of the Galactic Republic to meet the
Trade Federation to settle the crisis. At that time, the Trade Federation has blockaded
the planet of Naboo with the hope of sttling a galactic trade dispute. This scene is
directed by Lord Sidious, who orders the Nemodians (Trade Federation) to invade
Naboo and also kill the Jedi Knights.
When QuiGon and Obiwan escape, they meet local Gungan, Jar-Jar Binks.
He brings them to an underwater Gungan city.
While this happens, the Trade
Federation captures Naboo's leader, Queen Amidala.
QuiGon tries to reach the
capital of Naboo and rescue Queen Amidala. They save the Queen and escape.
While escaping, the ship is attacked and needed to be fixed. Thus, they land in the
desert planet of Tatooine to repair their ship. To guarantee the security of Queen
Amidala, she pretends to be Queen Amidala’s handmaiden, named Padme.
In Tatooine, QuiGon and Padme (who is Queen Amidala herself), a
handmaiden, meet a young talented boy, Anakin Skywalker, who is a slave of
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Sebulba the Hutt. QuiGon senses that the Force is strong in him and feels that he
may be the "Chosen One" to bring the balance to the Force. QuiGon enters Anakin
into the Boonta Eve Podrace and bet with Anakin's master, Watto, to obtain the
necessary parts of the broken ship as well as Anakin's freedom. Then, Anakin wins
the race. He leaves his mother and joins the Jedi Knights.
When they meet the Jedi council, the council tests Anakin. The result is that
they do not accept Anakin because the fear and anger inside him will affect his future.
Meanwhile, Senator Palpatine persuades Amidala to vote him and change Valorum's
position. In order to stop the federation invasion, she returns to Naboo with her
security team, including two Jedi Knights.
In Naboo, Padme reveals herself as Queen Amidala. In Naboo also, QuiGon
and Obiwan Kanobi fight with Darth Maul. Unfortunately, QuiGon is killed and
Obiwan tries to fight. He manages to attack Darth Maul. With QuiGon’s last breath,
he orders Obiwan to train Anakin. Meanwhile, Master Yoda as the leader of Jedi
Knights, promotes Obiwan to a higher level to fill in QuiGon's position. Later, Yoda
also accepts Obiwan's request to train Anakin.
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Synopsis of Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones
In this episode, the Galactic Republic is in crisis, There is a Separatist
movement led by Count Dooku. Queen Amidala decides to come back to Coruscant
to vote against the creation of an Army of the Republic. When she arrives, a bomb
destroys Amidala's ship. Fortunately, she can escape from death.
Afterwards,
Chancellor Palpatine asks her to be in Jedi Knights' security. They are Obiwan and
his apprentice, Anakin Skywalker.
That night, a bounty hunter, Zam, tries to kill Amidala. However, Zam
himself who is killed by her master cannot tell anyone who her master is. The Jedi
Knights make an attempt to investigate. One of the attempts is bringing Obiwan to
the planet of Kamino, where he finds that a secret clone army is being prepared for
the Republic. He figures out that this army is established by the orders of a Jedi
Knight, named Sifo-Dyas. A bounty hunter named Jango Fett has been hired to be
the template for the clones.
Obiwan fails to capture Jango and follows him to the planet of Geonosis.
Meanwhile, Anakin spends his time with Queen Amidala / Padme and reveals his
love to her. Padme refuses because she knows that a Jedi knight is forbidden to get
married or attach to someone. Soon, Anakin is disturbed by a dream. The dream is
about his mother, who is in danger and dying. Then, he asks Padme to go to
Tatooine. There, he finds that her mother has been kidnapped and now she is dying.
On Geonosis, Obiwan learns that Count Dooku has built a new droid army and
ordered the assassination of Amidala. Thus, the battle against the Republic's clone
forces and the Separatists' droid army happens there.
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Count Dooku has a fight with Obiwan and Anakin. Dooku injures Obiwan
and cuts Anakin's right arm. On Corruscant, the Jedi Council finally knows who is
behind the Separatist movement. On Naboo, Padme and Anakin are married secretly.
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Synopsis of Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith
The Galaxy is in the war and Chancellor Palpatine is kidnapped by the
Separatists' second-in-command, General Griveous.
Anakin and Obiwan lead a
mission to free him, but unfortunately, Griveous escapes.
Returning to Corruscant, Padme tells him that she is pregnant, but later
Anakin is disturbed by a dream that tells Amidala's dying in childbirth.
Anakin has a new job from the Council to spy on Palpatine, because he is
considered to be corrupt. Anakin builds a close relationship with Palpatine, and
Palpatine manipulates him not to trust the Jedi Knights. Palpatine claims that he can
prevent death. Later, Palpatine reveals himself to Anakin as the Sith, Lord Sidious,
who has controlled the Republic and the Separatist movement.
Meanwhile, Obiwan has a task to kill General Griveous in Utapau. Finally,
the Jedi knows about Palpatine's secret. Thus, Master Windu comes to Palpatine's
office and has a lightsaber duel with him. Just as Anakin arrives, Windu is about to
slay the Chancellor.
Anakin quickly attacks Windu because he believes that
Palpatine is the only man to save Padme. Windu dies and Anakin becomes Darth
Vader. Then, he goes to Mustafar and gets an order to kill all the Jedi Knights.
Palpatine orders clone troopers to attack the Jedi Knights, and only Yoda and Obiwan
survive.
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Knowing that her husband turns to the dark side, Padme goes to Mustafar and
persuades him to come back. However, Anakin refuses and almost kills Amidala.
Soon, Obiwan helps her and has a fight with Anakin. Obiwan cuts off both Anakin's
legs and his left arm. After Obiwan leaves, Darth Sidious comes and saves Anakin.
Darth Vader's missing body parts are replaced by cybernetic prostheses, put into a full
suit of black armour, and sealed in a respirator mask.
Meanwhile, Padme bears twins, Leia and Luke Skywalker. Leia is adopted by
Senator Bail Organa, while Luke is raised by Anakin's stepbrother, Owen Skywalker.
Soon after that, Padme dies.
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Synopsis Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope
In this episode, the galaxy has a problem, civil war. The rebel Alliance, led
by Princess Leia Organa, has stolen plans to the Galactic Empire's Death Star, a space
station which has an ability to destroy a planet. Before she is captured by the Empire,
she gives a holographic message into a droid, R2-D2.
Escaping from the Empire, the droid lands in Tatooine. The droid is captured
by Jawas and he sells it to Luke Skywalker. Then, Luke gets the message in which
Leia asks the help of Obiwan Kanobi. Luke tries to find that man and along the way
he meets an old man who is actually Obiwan Kanobi. Obiwan tells him about Jedi,
the Force, and his father, Anakin Skywalker, who turns out to be Darth Vader.
After hearing Luke's story about the message, Obiwan asks Luke to
accompany him to Alderaan and learn the ways of the Force. Luke agrees after
finding out that his home has been ruined by Imperial stormtroopers. In their efforts
to find the ship, they meet Han Solo, a pilot, and together, they go to Alderaan.
Meanwhile, Leia is forced to tell the Empire about the rebel base. Because of
the threat, Leia says that the Rebel base is on Dantooine. Luke and Obiwan try to
help her. In the battle, Obiwan is killed by Darth Vader.
The empire tries to destroy the moon by using the Death Star. Yet, Luke and
his fellow fail that plan. Then, Leia awards Luke and Han Solo medals.
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Synopsis of Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back
Galactic Empire has pursued the Rebel Alliance across the Galaxy. Then,
they have to build a secret base on the remote ice planet Hoth. While Luke is
patrolling, he is attacked by a creature, named Wampa. Knowing that his friend is
outside the camp, Han Solo tries to find him. Meanwhile, on his survival, Luke sees
a vision of his late mentor, Obiwan, who orders him to go to Dagobah and learn about
Jedi from Master Yoda. Later, Han Solo finds Luke.
Then, there are some attacks from the Empire, so they have to leave Hoth.
Leia and Han Solo escape with a spaceship, named Millenium Falcon, while Luke
with X-wing fighter. The Falcon is damaged and forced to land in an asteroid field.
Meanwhile, Luke's ship lands on Dagobah. In this planet, he meets Master Yoda and
learns about Jedi.
Since the ship is damaged and needs to be repaired, Han Solo and Leia are
forced to go to the Cloud City, where he can find his friend, Lando Calrissian. In
Dagobah, Luke has a vision that his friends, Leia and Han Solo are in danger, so he
goes to Cloud City. Later, Darth Vader captures them.
Darth Vader freezes Han Solo and hands him over to a bounty hunter called
Boba Fett. He gives the frozen Han Solo to Jabba the Hutt. Arriving in the Cloud
City, Luke engages Darth Vader in a combat. During the combat, Darth Vader claims
himself as Luke's father. At the same time, Leia senses through the Force that Luke
needs help, so Luke is saved by Leia.
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Synopsis of Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi
Galactic Empire is making a new space station which is larger than Death
Star. While, Luke Skywalker has become a Jedi Knight and come to Tatooine to
rescue Han Solo from the gangster, Jabba the Hut. Secretly, Leia disguises herself as
a bounty hunter named Boussh and tries to set Han Solo free. Leia, Luke, Han Solo,
and Lando Calrissian fail to escape and are captured to be consumed by the Sarlacc, a
monster who can eat man. Finally, they manage to attack Jabba and his followers.
Afterwards, Luke comes back to Dagobah to gain his complete training. He
finds out that Yoda is ill and does not want to train him again because he says that no
further training is required. In his disappointment, Luke gets Obiwan’s vision which
tells the story of Anakin. He also says that Leia is his twin sister.
Next, the rebel Alliance has a new strategy by deactivating the shield
generator that protects the Death Star on the Forest Moon of Endor. In this place they
meet some creatures, named Ewoks. With the help of C-3PO, a robotic-friend of
Luke, they get Ewoks to be their alliance.
After telling Leia the truth, Luke faces Darth Vader bravely in order to save
his father for the second time. Unfortunately, his effort to make his father turn to the
good side fails. Meanwhile, the Rebels enter the shield generator control facility.
Finally, they know that it is a trap as there are some armies in that place.
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On the Death Star, the Emperor, Lord Sidious tempts Luke to give in to his
anger, so he will turn to the dark side.
In the combat between Luke and his father,
Darth Vader can read Luke's feelings and learn that Luke has a twin sister. Then,
Luke cuts off Vader's right robotic hand. However, Luke does not want to kill his
father.
Realizing that Luke cannot be turned, the Emperor (Darth Sidious) uses Force
Lightning to kill him. Anakin cannot bear his feelings to his own son, so he throws
the Emperor down to a reactor shaft. The Emperor's Force Lightning causes Anakin
to have difficulty in breathing. He asks Luke to open his mask, then repents and dies
on Luke's lap.
Meanwhile, Leia and Solo destroy the shield generator. Returning to Endor,
Leia tells Han Solo that Luke is her brother. She also reveals her love to him. In the
celebration, Luke can see that the spirit of Anakin, Obiwan, and Yoda stare proudly at
him.
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Pictures of the Characters
I. Queen Padme Amidala
She looks like a Russian model, Grand duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia
Grand duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia
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II. Lord Sidious
Lord Sidious
Senator Palpatine
III. Jango Fett
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IV. Darth Maul
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Star Wars is one of the famous science-fiction movies. It has won many
awards. George Lucas has made it more interesting and fascinating than his
other-science fiction movies, like : THX 1138 (1971). Star Wars is different in its
plot, story, and characters. First, George Lucas, the imaginative director, made
this movie for sequels and prequels. Therefore, this movie starts with the fourth,
fifth, and sixth episodes, then come the first, second and finally the third.
These movies consist of two trilogies: original trilogy (episodes IV-VI),
which was released between 1977 and 1983; and prequel trilogy (episodes I-III),
which was released between 1999 and 2005. The difference of the first and the
second trilogy is on the focus. The first trilogy (the sequels: episodes 4-6) is
focused on how Luke Skywalker conquers the evil Darth Vader, however, the
second trilogy (prequels: episodes 1-3) is focused on how the father of Luke
Skywalker becomes the evil Darth Vader. The story in this movie is full of
imagination. There are a lot of imaginative characters that make Star Wars
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fascinating. The imaginative characters in this movie are so interesting. Their
names and costumes make them peculiar. I find out that one of the character’s
names, Luke Skywalker, is related with George Lucas.
One of the Internet
sources says that Luke Skywalker or Luke S. refers to George Lucas himself
because of the similar pronunciation with Lucas.
Realizing the fact, it is
interesting for me to find out every name’s meaning through linguistic aspects.
The prominent linguistic aspect which I will use most is anagram, which is one of
the important parts in language play.
Therefore, the topic of this thesis is Language Play in the Names of the
Characters in Star Wars Movies. I choose this topic because I am convinced that
there is a meaning or intention behind every name. It is interesting to examine the
meaning of every name since Star Wars movies consist of uncommon names.
George Lucas as the director and the writer has invented names which are unusual
and odd to hear. Since these movies deal with a galaxy in which uncommon
creatures, such as aliens, live, George Lucas has invented names which are
peculiar. This peculiarity increases the audience’s curiosity whether those names
influence the plot and characterization in those movies. I hope that this thesis will
help viewers to understand the story better.
This topic deals not only with linguistics aspects, but also two elements in
literature, namely characterization and plot. In this thesis, I want to show that the
characters’ names are extremely important in revealing their characterization.
Thus, to show this, I want to relate the linguistic analysis of each character’s name
with their characteristics. Characterization in these movies can be revealed from
hidden narration, dialogue between characters, appearance, etc. Besides relating
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the meaning of each name with the characterization, I want to know how the
names deal with the plot or foreshadowing of the stories. Foreshadowing talks
about what will happen in the future or in the next episodes. Considering that
these movies consist of sequels, it will be helpful for the viewers to guess about
the future of each character.
In order to understand the meaning of each name, I use Semantics,
Morphology, and Phonology as the linguistic areas. Semantics is the study of
meaning in language. To be precise, I will focus on the literal meanings of the
names. I would also like to use morphological approach. Morphology is a branch
of linguistics which studies the word-form. Every affix or compound has its own
meaning. Each name is built from two or more words. It becomes one word after
those words have been processed through morphological process; such as:
clipping, blending, compounding, etc. In phonological area, investigating the
similarity of pronouncing the words becomes part of my analysis. Phonology is
the study of the sound systems of language, that is, the study of how speech
sounds structure and function in languages. Since speech sounds are used to
convey meaning, sound systems cannot be fully understood unless they are
studied in wider linguistic contexts.
Some speech sounds can be used in a
language to distinguish words of different meanings.
In doing this research, I would like to use only the qualitative method. I
use this method because I have to find out the meaning of each character’s name.
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Statement of the Problem
In this thesis, I would like to discuss the following problems:
1.
What are the characters’ names which represent their characters in Star
Wars Movies?
2.
What is the connection between each character’s name and the literary
element, such as plot and characterization in those movies?
Purpose of the Study
In this thesis, I would like to show:
1.
To know and make a list of the character’s names which represent their own
characters in the movies.
2.
To know the connection between each character’s names and the literary
elements, such as plot and characterization in those movies.
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Method of Research
In gathering the data, first, I watch the movies and make a list of
characters’ names. Second, I will consult two dictionaries, Webster and Oxford
dictionary, however Webster Dictionary will be my priority. My intention in
using this dictionary, of course is to know the meaning of each name. Third, I
select several names which are rather difficult to analyse, which is probably
caused by the morphological processes, such as: compound or affixes. Fourth, to
investigate each name in a proper way, I divide them into morphs. Fifth, I take the
dictionary and find the meaning of each word. Not only morphological processes
will I analyze but also phonological processes. Finally, I write the research report.
Organization of Thesis
This thesis consists of four chapters and is preceded by the Preface, Table
of Contents, List of Symbols, List of Abbreviations, and Abstract. It begins with
Chapter I, the Introduction, which contains the Background of the Study,
Statement of the Problem, Method of Research, and Organization of Thesis. Next
is Chapter II, which provides the linguistic theories, used to analyse the language
play. This is followed by Chapter III which contains the analysis of language play
in Star Wars movies. The last is Chapter IV, which contains my opinion and
personal comments of how language play used in the Star Wars movies. The
thesis ends with the Bibliography and Appendices. The Appendices provide of
the synopsis of each episode and the table containing the data of this discussion.
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CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
In this chapter, I would like to give some conclusions based on my
findings about language play in George Lucas’s movies, Star Wars from episodes
1 to 6. The names which I list as my data are not all characters in the movies.
They are only the prominent characters, and they have language play in the
names. Moreover, I have analyzed twenty-four names. I choose these twentyfour names, not only because they are prominent characters, but they also build
some imagination in my mind and remind me of other words. Language play is
prominent in the naming of characters in Star Wars. Language play conveys
literary elements through several processes. Firstly, the names are analyzed by
means of two linguistic approaches, Phonology and Morphology. Secondly, the
meanings of the names are analysed through Semantics.
Thirdly, from the
meanings, I relate to with literary approaches, either plot or characterization.
Those names are closely related to the literary approaches in the movies,
either the characteristics of each character or the plot. I figure out fourteen names
which deal with characterization. From my analysis, I have found out that not all
of the characterization techniques are used. The characterization technique which
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is mostly used is dialogue between characters. There are eight names using this
technique. Furthermore, there are three names whose characteristics are presented
through the appearance of the character, one name through hidden narration, two
names through language, and three names through character in action.
Not only characterization techniques is used, but also plot. I find two
elements used, namely foreshadowing and suspense. In the movies, there are ten
names containing foreshadowing and only one contains suspense.
In addition, there is one name with two literary elements namely
characterization and plot.
Based on my findings, I conclude that the most prominent literary element
is characterization.
George Lucas tries to convey the characteristics of each
character not only through the appearance but also the names.
The hidden
meaning within the names is meant to build viewers’ curiosity.
It happens
because as viewers, we do not need help to build our imagination. The characters
are obviously shown, especially their appearance in the movies.
In order to figure out the relationship between linguistic and literary
aspects, each name has to undergo linguistic process. There are twenty-two
names covering Semantic elements. There is one name with associative meaning,
and twenty-one names with literal meaning.
The other linguistic approach used to analyse the data is Morphology.
This approach covers ten names. The linguistic elements that are found are
blending, clipping, and compound. Three names use compound, three names use
blending, and five names use clipping.
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The last approach is Phonology. This approach covers seventeen names.
The Phonology elements which I find are homophone, minimal pair, and mimes.
Homophone covers five names; minimal pair covers thirteen names, whereas
mimes covers two names.
Another element that is used by Lucas is anagrams.
Six names use
anagrams. By using this approach from language play, Lucas shows his creativity
by having a hidden meaning behind his characters. Thus, the mixture of literary
and linguistic aspects with anagrams produces peculiar names.
George Lucas uses language play in presenting his characters through
Phonology or Morphology, then it is followed by Semantics. Based on this
finding, I conclude that George Lucas tries to hide the meaning by altering the
letters or words.
George Lucas uses language play to give hints to the viewers. The main
purpose is not to build the reader’s imagination since the viewers have already
known the characters as they watch the movies.
George Lucas seems to concentrate more on the names which reveal the
characteristics of the characters. For names with hidden meaning, Lucas likes to
match his characters names’ with their appearance. He takes several models to
build his imaginative characters.
For instance, Queen Amidala looks like a
Russian model.
Besides trying to match the names with their appearance, it is obvious that
George Lucas is influenced by Buddhism. One name proves to be related to
Buddhist, namely Yoda.
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George Lucas uses language play in creating the names because he wants
to give some unique characters in his science-fiction movies. Lucas sets peculiar
places, creatures, and settings to support the idea. Creating the names of each
character is difficult; however, George Lucas shows his efforts to create names by
using language play in order to support the characters. Thus, language play is
used to create some peculiar names whose meanings are closely related.
Based on my analysis, I conclude that language play can be used to create
peculiar names without losing the real meaning. Furthermore, I consider that
linguistic approaches will help us to find the meaning which can be related to
literary elements. It arouses the viewers’ interest to be more curious about each
character, either their characteristics or their future.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bauer, Laurie. English Word Formation. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1983.
Crystal, David. Language Play. London:The Penguin Group, 1998.
Crane, L. Ben, Edward Yeager, and Randal L.Whitman. An Introduction to
Linguistics. Canada: Little, Brown & Company (Canada) Limited, 1981.
Eastman, Richard M. A Guide to the Novel. San Fransisco: Chandler Publishing
Co. 1965.
Hurford, James R., and Brendan Heasly. Semantics: A Coursebook. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Jones, Daniel, A.C. Gimson, and Susan Ramsaran. English Pronouncing
Dictionary. London and Melbourne: J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd., 1988.
Nash, Walter. The Language of Humour. New York: Longman Group, Inc., 1994.
Perrine, Laurence. Story and Structure. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,
Inc., 1974.
Reaske, Christopher Russell. How to Analyze Drama. New York: Monarch
Press, 1966.
Webster, Merriam.
Webster New Explorer Dictionary and Thesaurus.
Springfield: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 2005.
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Wikipedia Online. 2007. Associative Meaning. 27 February 2007
Wikipedia Online. 2007. Connotative Meaning. 27 February 2007
Wikipedia Online. 2007. Etymology. 27 February 2007
Wikipedia Online. 2007. Darth Maul. 02 May 2007
Wikipedia Online. 2007. Senator Palpatine. 02 May 2007
Wikipedia Online. 2007. Queen Amidala. 02 May 2007
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PREFACE.......................................................................................................... i
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................. ii
LIST OF SYMBOLS ........................................................................................ iv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................... v
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study......................................................................... 1
Statement of the Problem ........................................................................ 4
Purpose of the Study ............................................................................... 4
Methods of Research............................................................................... 5
Organization of the Thesis ...................................................................... 5
CHAPTER TWO: THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
Language Play ........................................................................................ 6
Anagrams ................................................................................................ 6
Linguistic Aspects................................................................................... 7
Semantics ................................................................................................ 7
Morphology............................................................................................. 8
Phonology ............................................................................................... 9
Literary Aspects ...................................................................................... 10
Plot .......................................................................................................... 10
Characterization ...................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER THREE: ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE PLAY
IN THE NAMES OF THE CHARACTERS
IN STAR WARS MOVIES .................................................................... 12
CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSIONS ............................................................. 40
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BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................ 45
APPENDICES ................................................................................................... 47
Synopsis of Star Wars Movies ............................................................... 47
Table 1. Data of Analysis ....................................................................... 57
Pictures of the Characters........................................................................ 58
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LIST OF SYMBOLS
1. ↕
anagrams
2. ≈
associative meaning
4. ±
becomes
5. ⊞
compound
3. Î
blending
6. ≤
clipping
7. ►
comes from the process of …
8. ⋊
homophone
9. =
literal meaning
10. ⋑
mimes
11. ⌗
minimal pairs
12. ⋍
synonym
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1. adj.
Adjective
2. adv.
Adverbs
3. n
Noun
4. v
Verb
5. pron. Pronoun
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ABSTRACT
Dalam skripsi ini, penulis membahas nama-nama yang dianggap unik di
dalam film garapan George Lucas, Star Wars. Penulis berusaha mencari tahu apa
makna di balik nama-nama tersebut dan bagaimana nama tersebut menjadi unik
melalui proses linguistik.
Nama-nama yang ada dianalisis dengan proses linguistik, yaitu: Semantics,
Morphology, dan Phonology. Kemudian arti dari nama- nama tersebut dikaitkan
dengan aspek kesusastraan seperti alur dan penokohan yang mendukung jalannya
cerita beserta penokohannya.
Untuk mendukung karyanya yang berupa film fiksi-ilmiah, George Lucas
membutuhkan nama-nama yang unik.
Nama-nama tersebut muncul melalui
permainan kata-kata yang melibatkan unsur-unsur linguistik.
Star Wars adalah sebuah cerita yang bersambung, dimulai dari episode 4-6
atau prekuel episode dan dilanjutkan dengan episode 1-3 yang merupakan sekuel
episode. Lucas lebih banyak menggunakan permainan kata-kata pada penamaan
tokoh di sekuel episode. Tampak jelas bahwa dalam prequel episode, Lucas lebih
dipengaruhi ajaran Budha.
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Skripsi ini membahas seberapa jauh permainan kata-kata digunakan dalam
penamaan tokoh yang unik dalam film Star Wars. Berdasarkan hasil analisis,
makna tersirat di balik setiap nama berkaitan erat dengan karakteristik tokoh
tersebut, baik penampilan fisiknya atau kepribadiannya. Tidak hanya itu, makna
tersirat dari nama-nama tersebut juga berhubungan erat dengan masa depan tokoh
yang bersangkutan.
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APPENDICES
Synopsis of Star Wars Episode 1: The Phantom Menace
This movie begins with two Jedi Knights, QuiGon and his apprentice, Obiwan
Kanobi, who are sent by Chancellor Valorum of the Galactic Republic to meet the
Trade Federation to settle the crisis. At that time, the Trade Federation has blockaded
the planet of Naboo with the hope of sttling a galactic trade dispute. This scene is
directed by Lord Sidious, who orders the Nemodians (Trade Federation) to invade
Naboo and also kill the Jedi Knights.
When QuiGon and Obiwan escape, they meet local Gungan, Jar-Jar Binks.
He brings them to an underwater Gungan city.
While this happens, the Trade
Federation captures Naboo's leader, Queen Amidala.
QuiGon tries to reach the
capital of Naboo and rescue Queen Amidala. They save the Queen and escape.
While escaping, the ship is attacked and needed to be fixed. Thus, they land in the
desert planet of Tatooine to repair their ship. To guarantee the security of Queen
Amidala, she pretends to be Queen Amidala’s handmaiden, named Padme.
In Tatooine, QuiGon and Padme (who is Queen Amidala herself), a
handmaiden, meet a young talented boy, Anakin Skywalker, who is a slave of
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Sebulba the Hutt. QuiGon senses that the Force is strong in him and feels that he
may be the "Chosen One" to bring the balance to the Force. QuiGon enters Anakin
into the Boonta Eve Podrace and bet with Anakin's master, Watto, to obtain the
necessary parts of the broken ship as well as Anakin's freedom. Then, Anakin wins
the race. He leaves his mother and joins the Jedi Knights.
When they meet the Jedi council, the council tests Anakin. The result is that
they do not accept Anakin because the fear and anger inside him will affect his future.
Meanwhile, Senator Palpatine persuades Amidala to vote him and change Valorum's
position. In order to stop the federation invasion, she returns to Naboo with her
security team, including two Jedi Knights.
In Naboo, Padme reveals herself as Queen Amidala. In Naboo also, QuiGon
and Obiwan Kanobi fight with Darth Maul. Unfortunately, QuiGon is killed and
Obiwan tries to fight. He manages to attack Darth Maul. With QuiGon’s last breath,
he orders Obiwan to train Anakin. Meanwhile, Master Yoda as the leader of Jedi
Knights, promotes Obiwan to a higher level to fill in QuiGon's position. Later, Yoda
also accepts Obiwan's request to train Anakin.
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Synopsis of Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones
In this episode, the Galactic Republic is in crisis, There is a Separatist
movement led by Count Dooku. Queen Amidala decides to come back to Coruscant
to vote against the creation of an Army of the Republic. When she arrives, a bomb
destroys Amidala's ship. Fortunately, she can escape from death.
Afterwards,
Chancellor Palpatine asks her to be in Jedi Knights' security. They are Obiwan and
his apprentice, Anakin Skywalker.
That night, a bounty hunter, Zam, tries to kill Amidala. However, Zam
himself who is killed by her master cannot tell anyone who her master is. The Jedi
Knights make an attempt to investigate. One of the attempts is bringing Obiwan to
the planet of Kamino, where he finds that a secret clone army is being prepared for
the Republic. He figures out that this army is established by the orders of a Jedi
Knight, named Sifo-Dyas. A bounty hunter named Jango Fett has been hired to be
the template for the clones.
Obiwan fails to capture Jango and follows him to the planet of Geonosis.
Meanwhile, Anakin spends his time with Queen Amidala / Padme and reveals his
love to her. Padme refuses because she knows that a Jedi knight is forbidden to get
married or attach to someone. Soon, Anakin is disturbed by a dream. The dream is
about his mother, who is in danger and dying. Then, he asks Padme to go to
Tatooine. There, he finds that her mother has been kidnapped and now she is dying.
On Geonosis, Obiwan learns that Count Dooku has built a new droid army and
ordered the assassination of Amidala. Thus, the battle against the Republic's clone
forces and the Separatists' droid army happens there.
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Count Dooku has a fight with Obiwan and Anakin. Dooku injures Obiwan
and cuts Anakin's right arm. On Corruscant, the Jedi Council finally knows who is
behind the Separatist movement. On Naboo, Padme and Anakin are married secretly.
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Synopsis of Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith
The Galaxy is in the war and Chancellor Palpatine is kidnapped by the
Separatists' second-in-command, General Griveous.
Anakin and Obiwan lead a
mission to free him, but unfortunately, Griveous escapes.
Returning to Corruscant, Padme tells him that she is pregnant, but later
Anakin is disturbed by a dream that tells Amidala's dying in childbirth.
Anakin has a new job from the Council to spy on Palpatine, because he is
considered to be corrupt. Anakin builds a close relationship with Palpatine, and
Palpatine manipulates him not to trust the Jedi Knights. Palpatine claims that he can
prevent death. Later, Palpatine reveals himself to Anakin as the Sith, Lord Sidious,
who has controlled the Republic and the Separatist movement.
Meanwhile, Obiwan has a task to kill General Griveous in Utapau. Finally,
the Jedi knows about Palpatine's secret. Thus, Master Windu comes to Palpatine's
office and has a lightsaber duel with him. Just as Anakin arrives, Windu is about to
slay the Chancellor.
Anakin quickly attacks Windu because he believes that
Palpatine is the only man to save Padme. Windu dies and Anakin becomes Darth
Vader. Then, he goes to Mustafar and gets an order to kill all the Jedi Knights.
Palpatine orders clone troopers to attack the Jedi Knights, and only Yoda and Obiwan
survive.
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Knowing that her husband turns to the dark side, Padme goes to Mustafar and
persuades him to come back. However, Anakin refuses and almost kills Amidala.
Soon, Obiwan helps her and has a fight with Anakin. Obiwan cuts off both Anakin's
legs and his left arm. After Obiwan leaves, Darth Sidious comes and saves Anakin.
Darth Vader's missing body parts are replaced by cybernetic prostheses, put into a full
suit of black armour, and sealed in a respirator mask.
Meanwhile, Padme bears twins, Leia and Luke Skywalker. Leia is adopted by
Senator Bail Organa, while Luke is raised by Anakin's stepbrother, Owen Skywalker.
Soon after that, Padme dies.
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Synopsis Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope
In this episode, the galaxy has a problem, civil war. The rebel Alliance, led
by Princess Leia Organa, has stolen plans to the Galactic Empire's Death Star, a space
station which has an ability to destroy a planet. Before she is captured by the Empire,
she gives a holographic message into a droid, R2-D2.
Escaping from the Empire, the droid lands in Tatooine. The droid is captured
by Jawas and he sells it to Luke Skywalker. Then, Luke gets the message in which
Leia asks the help of Obiwan Kanobi. Luke tries to find that man and along the way
he meets an old man who is actually Obiwan Kanobi. Obiwan tells him about Jedi,
the Force, and his father, Anakin Skywalker, who turns out to be Darth Vader.
After hearing Luke's story about the message, Obiwan asks Luke to
accompany him to Alderaan and learn the ways of the Force. Luke agrees after
finding out that his home has been ruined by Imperial stormtroopers. In their efforts
to find the ship, they meet Han Solo, a pilot, and together, they go to Alderaan.
Meanwhile, Leia is forced to tell the Empire about the rebel base. Because of
the threat, Leia says that the Rebel base is on Dantooine. Luke and Obiwan try to
help her. In the battle, Obiwan is killed by Darth Vader.
The empire tries to destroy the moon by using the Death Star. Yet, Luke and
his fellow fail that plan. Then, Leia awards Luke and Han Solo medals.
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Synopsis of Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back
Galactic Empire has pursued the Rebel Alliance across the Galaxy. Then,
they have to build a secret base on the remote ice planet Hoth. While Luke is
patrolling, he is attacked by a creature, named Wampa. Knowing that his friend is
outside the camp, Han Solo tries to find him. Meanwhile, on his survival, Luke sees
a vision of his late mentor, Obiwan, who orders him to go to Dagobah and learn about
Jedi from Master Yoda. Later, Han Solo finds Luke.
Then, there are some attacks from the Empire, so they have to leave Hoth.
Leia and Han Solo escape with a spaceship, named Millenium Falcon, while Luke
with X-wing fighter. The Falcon is damaged and forced to land in an asteroid field.
Meanwhile, Luke's ship lands on Dagobah. In this planet, he meets Master Yoda and
learns about Jedi.
Since the ship is damaged and needs to be repaired, Han Solo and Leia are
forced to go to the Cloud City, where he can find his friend, Lando Calrissian. In
Dagobah, Luke has a vision that his friends, Leia and Han Solo are in danger, so he
goes to Cloud City. Later, Darth Vader captures them.
Darth Vader freezes Han Solo and hands him over to a bounty hunter called
Boba Fett. He gives the frozen Han Solo to Jabba the Hutt. Arriving in the Cloud
City, Luke engages Darth Vader in a combat. During the combat, Darth Vader claims
himself as Luke's father. At the same time, Leia senses through the Force that Luke
needs help, so Luke is saved by Leia.
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Synopsis of Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi
Galactic Empire is making a new space station which is larger than Death
Star. While, Luke Skywalker has become a Jedi Knight and come to Tatooine to
rescue Han Solo from the gangster, Jabba the Hut. Secretly, Leia disguises herself as
a bounty hunter named Boussh and tries to set Han Solo free. Leia, Luke, Han Solo,
and Lando Calrissian fail to escape and are captured to be consumed by the Sarlacc, a
monster who can eat man. Finally, they manage to attack Jabba and his followers.
Afterwards, Luke comes back to Dagobah to gain his complete training. He
finds out that Yoda is ill and does not want to train him again because he says that no
further training is required. In his disappointment, Luke gets Obiwan’s vision which
tells the story of Anakin. He also says that Leia is his twin sister.
Next, the rebel Alliance has a new strategy by deactivating the shield
generator that protects the Death Star on the Forest Moon of Endor. In this place they
meet some creatures, named Ewoks. With the help of C-3PO, a robotic-friend of
Luke, they get Ewoks to be their alliance.
After telling Leia the truth, Luke faces Darth Vader bravely in order to save
his father for the second time. Unfortunately, his effort to make his father turn to the
good side fails. Meanwhile, the Rebels enter the shield generator control facility.
Finally, they know that it is a trap as there are some armies in that place.
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On the Death Star, the Emperor, Lord Sidious tempts Luke to give in to his
anger, so he will turn to the dark side.
In the combat between Luke and his father,
Darth Vader can read Luke's feelings and learn that Luke has a twin sister. Then,
Luke cuts off Vader's right robotic hand. However, Luke does not want to kill his
father.
Realizing that Luke cannot be turned, the Emperor (Darth Sidious) uses Force
Lightning to kill him. Anakin cannot bear his feelings to his own son, so he throws
the Emperor down to a reactor shaft. The Emperor's Force Lightning causes Anakin
to have difficulty in breathing. He asks Luke to open his mask, then repents and dies
on Luke's lap.
Meanwhile, Leia and Solo destroy the shield generator. Returning to Endor,
Leia tells Han Solo that Luke is her brother. She also reveals her love to him. In the
celebration, Luke can see that the spirit of Anakin, Obiwan, and Yoda stare proudly at
him.
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Pictures of the Characters
I. Queen Padme Amidala
She looks like a Russian model, Grand duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia
Grand duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia
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II. Lord Sidious
Lord Sidious
Senator Palpatine
III. Jango Fett
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IV. Darth Maul
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Star Wars is one of the famous science-fiction movies. It has won many
awards. George Lucas has made it more interesting and fascinating than his
other-science fiction movies, like : THX 1138 (1971). Star Wars is different in its
plot, story, and characters. First, George Lucas, the imaginative director, made
this movie for sequels and prequels. Therefore, this movie starts with the fourth,
fifth, and sixth episodes, then come the first, second and finally the third.
These movies consist of two trilogies: original trilogy (episodes IV-VI),
which was released between 1977 and 1983; and prequel trilogy (episodes I-III),
which was released between 1999 and 2005. The difference of the first and the
second trilogy is on the focus. The first trilogy (the sequels: episodes 4-6) is
focused on how Luke Skywalker conquers the evil Darth Vader, however, the
second trilogy (prequels: episodes 1-3) is focused on how the father of Luke
Skywalker becomes the evil Darth Vader. The story in this movie is full of
imagination. There are a lot of imaginative characters that make Star Wars
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fascinating. The imaginative characters in this movie are so interesting. Their
names and costumes make them peculiar. I find out that one of the character’s
names, Luke Skywalker, is related with George Lucas.
One of the Internet
sources says that Luke Skywalker or Luke S. refers to George Lucas himself
because of the similar pronunciation with Lucas.
Realizing the fact, it is
interesting for me to find out every name’s meaning through linguistic aspects.
The prominent linguistic aspect which I will use most is anagram, which is one of
the important parts in language play.
Therefore, the topic of this thesis is Language Play in the Names of the
Characters in Star Wars Movies. I choose this topic because I am convinced that
there is a meaning or intention behind every name. It is interesting to examine the
meaning of every name since Star Wars movies consist of uncommon names.
George Lucas as the director and the writer has invented names which are unusual
and odd to hear. Since these movies deal with a galaxy in which uncommon
creatures, such as aliens, live, George Lucas has invented names which are
peculiar. This peculiarity increases the audience’s curiosity whether those names
influence the plot and characterization in those movies. I hope that this thesis will
help viewers to understand the story better.
This topic deals not only with linguistics aspects, but also two elements in
literature, namely characterization and plot. In this thesis, I want to show that the
characters’ names are extremely important in revealing their characterization.
Thus, to show this, I want to relate the linguistic analysis of each character’s name
with their characteristics. Characterization in these movies can be revealed from
hidden narration, dialogue between characters, appearance, etc. Besides relating
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the meaning of each name with the characterization, I want to know how the
names deal with the plot or foreshadowing of the stories. Foreshadowing talks
about what will happen in the future or in the next episodes. Considering that
these movies consist of sequels, it will be helpful for the viewers to guess about
the future of each character.
In order to understand the meaning of each name, I use Semantics,
Morphology, and Phonology as the linguistic areas. Semantics is the study of
meaning in language. To be precise, I will focus on the literal meanings of the
names. I would also like to use morphological approach. Morphology is a branch
of linguistics which studies the word-form. Every affix or compound has its own
meaning. Each name is built from two or more words. It becomes one word after
those words have been processed through morphological process; such as:
clipping, blending, compounding, etc. In phonological area, investigating the
similarity of pronouncing the words becomes part of my analysis. Phonology is
the study of the sound systems of language, that is, the study of how speech
sounds structure and function in languages. Since speech sounds are used to
convey meaning, sound systems cannot be fully understood unless they are
studied in wider linguistic contexts.
Some speech sounds can be used in a
language to distinguish words of different meanings.
In doing this research, I would like to use only the qualitative method. I
use this method because I have to find out the meaning of each character’s name.
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Statement of the Problem
In this thesis, I would like to discuss the following problems:
1.
What are the characters’ names which represent their characters in Star
Wars Movies?
2.
What is the connection between each character’s name and the literary
element, such as plot and characterization in those movies?
Purpose of the Study
In this thesis, I would like to show:
1.
To know and make a list of the character’s names which represent their own
characters in the movies.
2.
To know the connection between each character’s names and the literary
elements, such as plot and characterization in those movies.
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Method of Research
In gathering the data, first, I watch the movies and make a list of
characters’ names. Second, I will consult two dictionaries, Webster and Oxford
dictionary, however Webster Dictionary will be my priority. My intention in
using this dictionary, of course is to know the meaning of each name. Third, I
select several names which are rather difficult to analyse, which is probably
caused by the morphological processes, such as: compound or affixes. Fourth, to
investigate each name in a proper way, I divide them into morphs. Fifth, I take the
dictionary and find the meaning of each word. Not only morphological processes
will I analyze but also phonological processes. Finally, I write the research report.
Organization of Thesis
This thesis consists of four chapters and is preceded by the Preface, Table
of Contents, List of Symbols, List of Abbreviations, and Abstract. It begins with
Chapter I, the Introduction, which contains the Background of the Study,
Statement of the Problem, Method of Research, and Organization of Thesis. Next
is Chapter II, which provides the linguistic theories, used to analyse the language
play. This is followed by Chapter III which contains the analysis of language play
in Star Wars movies. The last is Chapter IV, which contains my opinion and
personal comments of how language play used in the Star Wars movies. The
thesis ends with the Bibliography and Appendices. The Appendices provide of
the synopsis of each episode and the table containing the data of this discussion.
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CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
In this chapter, I would like to give some conclusions based on my
findings about language play in George Lucas’s movies, Star Wars from episodes
1 to 6. The names which I list as my data are not all characters in the movies.
They are only the prominent characters, and they have language play in the
names. Moreover, I have analyzed twenty-four names. I choose these twentyfour names, not only because they are prominent characters, but they also build
some imagination in my mind and remind me of other words. Language play is
prominent in the naming of characters in Star Wars. Language play conveys
literary elements through several processes. Firstly, the names are analyzed by
means of two linguistic approaches, Phonology and Morphology. Secondly, the
meanings of the names are analysed through Semantics.
Thirdly, from the
meanings, I relate to with literary approaches, either plot or characterization.
Those names are closely related to the literary approaches in the movies,
either the characteristics of each character or the plot. I figure out fourteen names
which deal with characterization. From my analysis, I have found out that not all
of the characterization techniques are used. The characterization technique which
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is mostly used is dialogue between characters. There are eight names using this
technique. Furthermore, there are three names whose characteristics are presented
through the appearance of the character, one name through hidden narration, two
names through language, and three names through character in action.
Not only characterization techniques is used, but also plot. I find two
elements used, namely foreshadowing and suspense. In the movies, there are ten
names containing foreshadowing and only one contains suspense.
In addition, there is one name with two literary elements namely
characterization and plot.
Based on my findings, I conclude that the most prominent literary element
is characterization.
George Lucas tries to convey the characteristics of each
character not only through the appearance but also the names.
The hidden
meaning within the names is meant to build viewers’ curiosity.
It happens
because as viewers, we do not need help to build our imagination. The characters
are obviously shown, especially their appearance in the movies.
In order to figure out the relationship between linguistic and literary
aspects, each name has to undergo linguistic process. There are twenty-two
names covering Semantic elements. There is one name with associative meaning,
and twenty-one names with literal meaning.
The other linguistic approach used to analyse the data is Morphology.
This approach covers ten names. The linguistic elements that are found are
blending, clipping, and compound. Three names use compound, three names use
blending, and five names use clipping.
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The last approach is Phonology. This approach covers seventeen names.
The Phonology elements which I find are homophone, minimal pair, and mimes.
Homophone covers five names; minimal pair covers thirteen names, whereas
mimes covers two names.
Another element that is used by Lucas is anagrams.
Six names use
anagrams. By using this approach from language play, Lucas shows his creativity
by having a hidden meaning behind his characters. Thus, the mixture of literary
and linguistic aspects with anagrams produces peculiar names.
George Lucas uses language play in presenting his characters through
Phonology or Morphology, then it is followed by Semantics. Based on this
finding, I conclude that George Lucas tries to hide the meaning by altering the
letters or words.
George Lucas uses language play to give hints to the viewers. The main
purpose is not to build the reader’s imagination since the viewers have already
known the characters as they watch the movies.
George Lucas seems to concentrate more on the names which reveal the
characteristics of the characters. For names with hidden meaning, Lucas likes to
match his characters names’ with their appearance. He takes several models to
build his imaginative characters.
For instance, Queen Amidala looks like a
Russian model.
Besides trying to match the names with their appearance, it is obvious that
George Lucas is influenced by Buddhism. One name proves to be related to
Buddhist, namely Yoda.
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George Lucas uses language play in creating the names because he wants
to give some unique characters in his science-fiction movies. Lucas sets peculiar
places, creatures, and settings to support the idea. Creating the names of each
character is difficult; however, George Lucas shows his efforts to create names by
using language play in order to support the characters. Thus, language play is
used to create some peculiar names whose meanings are closely related.
Based on my analysis, I conclude that language play can be used to create
peculiar names without losing the real meaning. Furthermore, I consider that
linguistic approaches will help us to find the meaning which can be related to
literary elements. It arouses the viewers’ interest to be more curious about each
character, either their characteristics or their future.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bauer, Laurie. English Word Formation. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1983.
Crystal, David. Language Play. London:The Penguin Group, 1998.
Crane, L. Ben, Edward Yeager, and Randal L.Whitman. An Introduction to
Linguistics. Canada: Little, Brown & Company (Canada) Limited, 1981.
Eastman, Richard M. A Guide to the Novel. San Fransisco: Chandler Publishing
Co. 1965.
Hurford, James R., and Brendan Heasly. Semantics: A Coursebook. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Jones, Daniel, A.C. Gimson, and Susan Ramsaran. English Pronouncing
Dictionary. London and Melbourne: J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd., 1988.
Nash, Walter. The Language of Humour. New York: Longman Group, Inc., 1994.
Perrine, Laurence. Story and Structure. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,
Inc., 1974.
Reaske, Christopher Russell. How to Analyze Drama. New York: Monarch
Press, 1966.
Webster, Merriam.
Webster New Explorer Dictionary and Thesaurus.
Springfield: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 2005.
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Wikipedia Online. 2007. Associative Meaning. 27 February 2007
Wikipedia Online. 2007. Connotative Meaning. 27 February 2007
Wikipedia Online. 2007. Etymology. 27 February 2007
Wikipedia Online. 2007. Darth Maul. 02 May 2007
Wikipedia Online. 2007. Senator Palpatine. 02 May 2007
Wikipedia Online. 2007. Queen Amidala. 02 May 2007
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