Analysis of Language Play Found in The Simpsons.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page:
PREFACE . . . i
TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . iii
ABSTRACT . . . iv
LIST OF SYMBOLS . . . v
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION Background of the Study . . . 1
Statement of the Problem . . . 4
Purpose of the Study . . . 4
Method of Research . . . 5
Organisation of the Thesis . . . 5
CHAPTER II: THEORY OF LANGUAGE PLAY . . . 6
CHAPTER III: ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE PLAY FOUND IN THE SIMPSONS 3.1 Language Play Which Reveals Social Criticism . . . 11
3.2 Language Play for Entertainment . . . 28
CHAPTER IV: CONCLUSION . . . 40
BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . 45
APPENDIX Table of Data . . . 50
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ABSTRACT
Dalam skripsi ini, saya membahas aspek permainan kata dalam serial kartun televisi The Simpsons. Tujuan dari analisis ini adalah untuk membantu para penonton memahami dan mengerti arti kata baru yang terbentuk dari proses permainan kata yang terdapat dalam serial kartun televisi, The Simpsons.
Permainan kata sering kali kita temukan dalam kehidupan kita sehari-hari, baik itu dalam percakapan, film yang kita tonton maupun dalam novel yang kita baca. Permainan kata biasanya lebih dikenal dengan istilah ‘plesetan’. Tujuan dari penggunaan permainan kata sangat bervariasi, dapat digunakan untuk menghibur orang lain, untuk menimbulkan rasa ingin tahu, untuk memberikan gambaran yang jelas tentang suatu hal, bahkan untuk mengkritik orang lain.
Dalam serial kartun televisi The Simpsons, penggunaan permainan kata ternyata bukan hanya untuk menghibur atau menciptakan humor bagi penonton saja tetapi permainan kata dalam serial kartun televisi The Simpsons ini juga digunakan untuk mengkritik kehidupan masyarakat Amerika. Sesungguhnya, inilah yang membedakan The Simpsons dari film kartun lain yang ada.
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LIST OF SYMBOLS
∗ Rhyming Metathesis + Addition Clipping
÷ Blending
∑ Compounding Infixation ⌃ Suffixation f Baby talk ⎠ Anagram ≈ Mime Allusion Ν Graphology
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APPENDIX
Table of Data
Linguistic Area Kinds of Language Play Significance
No Data Linguistic Process
Ph Mp Sm Ot Rh Mt Ad Al Cl Bd Cp In Sf BT Pd Ag TN Mi Al Grp Sos.
Crit Ent
1. Bart Bart ⎠ brat Τ Τ Τ
2. Laramie
Cigarette
Laramie Cigarette
⎠ greater calamites Τ Τ Τ
3. Ned
Flanders
Ned Flanders ⎠
fend slander Τ Τ Τ
4.
Fan-fugu-tastic
Fan fugu
tastic Τ Τ Τ
5. Leftorium Left, auditorium ÷
leftorium Τ Τ Τ
6. Flimpsons
Flanders, Simpsons ÷
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Linguistic Area Kinds of Language Play Significance No Data Linguistic
Process
Ph Mp Sm Ot Rh Mt Ad Al Cl Bd Cp In Sf BT Pd Ag TN Mi Al Grp Sos.
Crt Ent
7. Xtapolapocetl Τ Τ Τ
8. Bartman Bartman ≈ batman Τ Τ Τ
9. Impr-you-vement Improvement Ν
Impr-you-vement Τ Τ Τ
10. Krusty the Klown
Crusty the Clown Ν Krusty the
Klown Τ Τ Τ
11. Pobody’s
Nerfect
Nobody’s perfect Poboby’s
Nerfect Τ Τ Τ
12. Unkie Uncle unc f
unkie Τ Τ Τ Τ
13. Frogurt Frozen, yoghurt ÷
frogurt Τ Τ Τ
14. Crantastic
Cranberry, fantastic ÷
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Linguistic Area Kinds of Language Play Significance No Data Linguistic
Process
Ph Mp Sm Ot Rh Mt Ad Al Cl Bd Cp In Sf BT Pd Ag TN Mi Al Grp Sos.
Crt Ent
15. Monstromart Monstrosity,mart
÷ monstromart Τ Τ Τ
16. Beerquarium Beer, aquarium ÷
beerquarium Τ Τ Τ
17. Elfgrass Elf, grass ∑
elfgrass Τ Τ Τ
18. Trab pu kcip Trab pu kcip ⎠
pick up Bart Τ Τ Τ
19. Stampy Stamp ⌃ -y Τ Τ Τ
20. Rigelian Rigel ⌃ -ian Τ Τ Τ
21. Pinitchio Pinitchio
Pinocchio Τ Τ Τ
22. neducation Re- Re-neducation re-education ≈ Τ Τ Τ
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Linguistic Area Kinds of Language Play Significance No Data Linguistic
Process
Ph Mp Sm Ot Rh Mt Ad Al Cl Bd Cp In Sf BT Pd Ag TN Mi Al Grp Sos.
Crt Ent
24.
O mensahib, Bart rabbi
has memo Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ
25.
Frabulous, grabulous,
zip-zoop-zabulous
1. Frabulous ∗ grabulous ∗
zip-zoop-zabulous 2. F +/r/+ abulous
3. Greatly, fabulous ÷
grabulous
Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ
List of Abbreviations
Ph: Phonology
Mp: Morphology
Sm: Semantics
Ot: Others
Rh: Rhyming
Mt: Metathesis
Ad: Addition
Al: Alliteration
Cl: Clipping
Bd: Blending
Cp: Compounding
In: Infixation
Sf: Suffixation
BT: Baby Talk
Pd: Palindrome
Ag: Anagram
TN: Total Nonsense
Mi: Mime
Al: Allusion
Grp: Graphology
Soc. Crt: Social Criticism
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Many people like watching humorous films because the films are
entertaining. In a humorous film, it is not only its pictures that can make the
viewers laugh but also its language. Language play performs a function of
language that can contribute humour. In his book, Language Play, David Crystal
(1998:1) says that the purpose of playing with language by bending and breaking
its rules is only for fun.
Nowadays, we often find that language play is used in our daily lives. It
can be found in a conversation, a novel or a humorous film. The understanding of
the language play can help us to get a better understanding about the conversation,
the novel, or the film. In addition, one of the products of language play is the
creation of new words. “Another common form of conventional language play is
the enthusiasm with which we make up new words.” (Crystal, 1998:30) I am
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meaning of the new words which are the products of language play. The topic of
my thesis is Analysis of Language Play Found in The Simpsons.
In W. Keith Work’s paper, it is said that “Social commentary is made on
The Simpsons, but often almost without the audiences’ knowledge, while still
being entertaining and, as its creator, Matt Groening, has said, entertainment is
definitely the key.” (http://www.snpp.com/other/papers/wkw.paper.html, written
by W. Keith Work) Thus, we can see that according to Matt Groening The
Simpsons is meant to be entertaining. The Simpsons as a cartoon “…does what it
does really well; it is entertaining and it pleases people. It considers its art, that’s
great; but if it doesn’t so what?” (http://www.snpp.com/other/interviews/
groening00a.html)
The fact that The Simpsons is entertaining is one of the reasons for the
success of the film. This is also why a lot of people love The Simpsons. We can
see this from the awards that The Simpsons has won. Recently, The Simpsons’ The
Seemingly Never Ending Story (2006) has won Emmy for ‘Outstanding Animated
Program’. So far The Simpsons has won nine Emmy Awards for the episodes:
Life on the Fast Lane (1990), Homer vs. Lisa and the 8th Commandment (1991),
Lisa’s Wedding (1995), Homer’s Phobia (1997), Trash of the Titans (1998),
Behind the Laughter (2000), HOMЯ (2001), Three Gays of the Condo (2003).
(http://www.simpsoncrazy.com/news/news.phpid=907, posted by Scott on
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Besides the fact that The Simpsons is a humorous TV cartoon series, The
Simpsons is also different from other cartoon films. Generally, we know that most
cartoon films are for children. However, The Simpsons is one of the cartoon films
that are made for adults because this cartoon film emphasises on satires. The
satires in The Simpsons TV series are about the American lifestyle, culture, and
society. The satires are made in the form of humorous language that describes an
American family. As Brett Mullin says in his writing, The Simpsons uses
incongruity, sarcasm, exaggeration, and other comedic techniques, to satirise most
aspects of ordinary life, such as family, TV, and religion to achieve the true
essence of satire. For example, one of The Simpsons episodes satirises the parents
who push their children to succeed in sports to gain their parents’ love. Some
characters in The Simpsons give the descriptions about corrupt and promiscuous
politicians and The Simpsons also satirises people of a religious affiliation who
look down on those of other religions. (http://www.snpp.com/otherpapers/
bm.paper.html, written by Brett Mullin)
The scripts of The Simpsons that I get from the Internet become my
primary source of data. I choose The Simpsons scripts as my primary source
because the scripts are easier to get so it is not time-consuming to find. In addition,
the scripts are more accurate compared with the scripts that I would write by
watching the TV series. The secondary source is The Simpsons TV series. This
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series I will be able to find the contextual meaning of the utterances containing
language play that I have got from the scripts.
Based on the fact that The Simpsons is created for satire and
entertainment, I will divide my data into two categories. One contains language
play for entertainment only and the other contains language play which reflects
the series being a social criticism. I hope through this analysis, the people who
watch The Simpsons will be able to appreciate the series better, both in terms of
social criticism and linguistics.
Statement of the Problem
In this thesis, I discuss some problems. They are:
1. What are the utterances containing language play in The Simpsons?
2. What language play is used in each of the utterances?
3. What is the significance of each of the utterances containing language play in
The Simpsons?
Purpose of the Study
In this study, I intend to show:
1. The utterances containing language play in The Simpsons.
2. The use of language play in each of the utterances.
3. The significance of each of the utterances containing language play in The
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Method of Research
In gathering the data, I read The Simpsons scripts as the primary source
and I watch the film. Next, the data that I have got from the scripts are collected,
selected and classified according to the kind of language play used in the scripts.
The data can be in forms of words, phrases, or clauses. Afterwards, I analyse the
data based on some linguistics theories. Finally, I draw a conclusion based on my
analysis.
Organisation of the Thesis
This thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter I is the introduction. It
contains the background of the study, the statement of the problem, the method of
research, and the organisation of the thesis. Chapter II contains the linguistic
theories which are used to analyse the language play in The Simpsons. Chapter III
contains the analysis of language play found in The Simpsons. The last one is
Chapter IV, the conclusion, which contains my personal comments and opinions
based on my analysis in Chapter III. At the end of the thesis are the bibliography
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CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
In this chapter, I would like to draw some conclusions based on my analysis in Chapter III. So far The Simpsons TV series is well-known with its criticism. However, through its language, The Simpsons as a cartoon series is obviously created not only for social criticism but also for entertainment. It can be seen in the use of language play in The Simpsons TV series. In my analysis, I divide the language play that is used in The Simpsons TV series into two categories. One contains the language play which reveals social criticism and the other contains the language play used purely for entertainment. From the analysis, we can see that the number of the language play used for entertainment is greater than that used for social criticism. As a cartoon series, The Simpsons TV is created for entertaining and pleasing people besides revealing social criticism. This is in line with what the creator of The Simpsons, Matt Groening, says. Although The
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Simpsons is for entertainment. (http://www.snpp.com/other/interviews/
groening00a.html)
The kinds of language play used for social criticism and those for entertainment are different. Language play for social criticism uses morphological aspects: anagram, infixation and blending; semantic aspects: total nonsense and mime; and graphological aspect. Whereas, language play for entertainment uses phonological aspects: rhyming, metathesis, addition and alliteration; morphological aspects: clipping, baby talk, blending, compounding, anagram, palindrome and suffixation; and semantic aspects: allusion and mime. I would say that the linguistic aspect mostly-used in both categories is morphology. It shows that The Simpsons script writers often play with the word formation. It is easier for the script writers to create new words form than playing with word sounds or meanings.
Besides, the kinds of language play used for entertainment are more varied than the kinds of language play used for social criticism so that there are many kinds of language play used for entertainment. To the script writers, it is easier to play with words to create language play for entertainment than for social criticism. There is no hidden message in the use of the language play for entertainment as long as it can entertain and please the audience. Therefore, the script writers can play with words freely. Whereas, to create language play for social criticism in The Simpsons, the script writers have to be sure that the language play reflects criticism about Americans’ life so they do not play with
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words as freely as when they use the language play for entertainment. There are many things that the script writers should consider to reach the purpose.
The kind of language play that is mostly-used for social criticism is anagram. The dominance of anagram makes the use of the language play for social criticism more complex than the use of the language play for entertainment. As we know, anagram is one of the most complicated types of language play. It is difficult for the audience to find the significance of the words only by watching the TV series. The audience should relate the meaning of the words to the context in the film and the situation in the United States nowadays so that the audience will get the significance of the words and know what social criticism the film reveals.
The use of language play for entertainment is simpler because it is to please and entertain the audience. If the script writers used complex language play, the audience would not enjoy The Simpsons TV series because the audience would not understand what the films shows. This fact makes the kinds of language play for entertainment easier to find. In addition, to get the significance of the words, the audience only needs to watch the films.
From the analysis, I find that The Simpsons TV series criticises what happens in the American society nowadays. The critics show that there is a change in the American lifestyle and social life. For example, many American youths idolise a brat or adopt a bad eating habit. Nowadays, many Americans begin to neglect their old-but-seemingly-better belief and lifestyle. They develop a
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new lifestyle or belief which fits their modern life. The freedom of the Americans cause the change in the American lifestyle and social life. They have much freedom to do anything they want. Moreover, a busy lifestyle also causes the change. Many Americans have no choice but to change their lifestyle because of their activities.
In The Simpsons TV series, it is not only its funny pictures that can make the audience laugh but also its language. The script writers use language play to entertain and amuse the audience. The use of the language play for entertainment in The Simpsons TV series is not only to create humour but also to make the audience feel curious about something, to get a clear description about something or to give the audience a new impression about a character. All of the effects that appear through the use of language play makes the audience put more interest in watching The Simpsons TV series.
After doing the analysis, I would say that the use of language play in The
Simpsons TV series shows the creativity of The Simpsons script writers in creating
new words or playing on words to make the audience take an interest in watching
The Simpsons TV series. The use of language play in The Simpsons is not only to
entertain the audience but also to criticise the American lifestyle by presenting the audience with the knowledge about what is happening to the Americans nowadays, so that it can be a lesson, especially for the Americans, so that they would be introspective about their lives and make a change to get a better life.
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The language play for social criticisms in The Simpsons makes me realise that the use of language play is not only for entertainment or for fun but we can reveal something such as criticisms or satires through the use of language play. It shows that the use of language is not limited to communication but it may be used for other purposes.
The use of language play in The Simpsons TV series shows that language is dynamic and flexible. It always develops throughout the course of time and it is not bound by strict rules. Nowadays, people feel free to express themselves through language and they are more creative in using language. The important thing is not the rules but whether others can understand what we say.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
References:
Bauer, Laurie. 1988. Introduction Linguistic Morphology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Blanchard, Karen and Christine Root. 2001. American Roots: Reading on U.S.
Cultural History. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
Collins, Cobuild. 1990. English Language Dictionary. London: William Collins Sons & Co Ltd.
Crane, L.Ben, Edward Yeager and Randal L. Whitman. 1981. An Introduction to
Linguistics. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
Crystal, David. 1998. Language Play. London: Penguin Group.
Datesman, Maryanne Kearny, JoAnn Crandall and Edward N. Kearny. 1997. The
American Ways: An Introduction to American Culture. New York:
Prentice Hall Regents.
Earle-Carlin, Susan and Colleen Hildebrand. 2000. American Perspectives. New York: Pearson Education.
Farb, Peter. 1973. Word Play: What Happens When People Talk. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
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Hornby, A.S. 2000. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press.
Leech, Geoffrey N. and Michael H. Short. 1981. Style in Fiction: A Linguistics
Introduction to English Fictional Phrase. Essex: Longman.
Nash, Walter. 1994. The Language of Humour. New York: Longman Group, Inc. Perrine, Laurence. 1978. Literature Structure, Sound and Sense. New York:
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
Schiffrin, Deborah. 1994. Approches to Discourses. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publisher.
Stevenson, Douglas K. 1996. American Life and Institutions. Washington D.C.: English Language Programs Division.
--- 2000. Longman Advanced American Dictionary. Essex: Pearson Education limited.
--- 1988. Webster’s New World Dictionary. New York: Simons & Schuster, Inc.
Website:
Davidson, Ros. Santa Consumerism Gone Mad The Sunday Herald <http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20001217/ai_n1395580 8>
(20)
Dillon, Lucinda. Wasted Youth Deseret News (Salt Lake City) 28 March 2004 <http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4188/is_20040328/ai_n1144816 5>
Grenz, Stanley J. Christian Spirituality and the quest for identity: toward a spiritual-theological understanding of life in Christ: we live in a "spiritual" era. In a manner unprecedented is the late modern era, contemporary North American, appear to be open to the spiritual dimension of life - 1 – 2 Spring, 2002 <http://findarticles.com/p/ articles/mi_m0NXG/is_2_37/ai_94160844>
Hoffmann, Curtis. <[email protected]>
Idato, Michael. Matt Groening The Age (Melbourne, Australia) 18 July 2000 <http://www.snpp.com/other/interviews/groening00a.html>
Lee, Hayness. Simpsons Anagrams <http://www.snnp.com/guides/anagrams. html>
Mullin, Brett. The Simpsons, American Satire <http://www.snpp.com/other papers/bm.paper.html>
Motavalli, Jim. Enough! – Dissatisfaction with the Consumer Culture – Cover
Story The Enviromental Magazine March-April 1996 <http://
findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1594/is_n2_v7/ai_18375318>
Paakkinen, Jouni. Don’t Have a Cow, Mickey! <http://www.snpp.com/ news/040398.html>
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Veith, Gene Edward. WorldMag.com <http://www.studentnewsdaily.com/ Homers_odyssey.shtml>
Vogl, Bastian. The Simpsons and Their World – A Mirror of American Life? <http://www.snpp.com/other/papers/bv.paper.html>
Work, W. Keith. The Simpsons from an Obscure Hell to Life in the Fast Lane <http://www.snpp.com/other/papers/wkw.paper.html>
Source:
The Simpsons’ script (http://www.snpp.com/guides/ql.html) The Simpsons TV series:
1. Bart the Genius (1992) 2. Krusty Gets Busted (1992) 3. Blood Feud (1991)
4. Dead Putting Society (1991)
5. Itchy and Scratchy and Marge (1991) 6. Oh Brother, Where Art Thou (1991)
7. One Fish, Two Fish, Blowfish, Blue Fish (1991) 8. Three Men and A Comic Book (1991)
9. When Flanders Failed (1991) 10.Selma’s Choice (1993)
11.Lisa the Beauty Queen (1993) 12.Bart’s Inner Child (1993)
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13.Homer and Apu (1994)
14.Homer Loves Flanders (1994) 15.Bart Gets an Elephant (1994) 16.Itchy and Scratchy Land (1994) 17.Bart vs Australia (1995)
18.Brother from the Same Planet (1991) 19.Treehouse of Horror (1991)
20.Treehouse of Horror V (1994) 21.Treehouse of Horror III (1994) 22.Bart Gets an F (1991)
23.Bart’s Comet (1995) 24.Lisa’s First Word (1992)
25.Some Enchanted Evening (1992) 26.Principal Charming (1991) 27.Flaming Moe (1992) 28.Homer’s Odyssey (1992) 29.New Kid on the Block (1993) 30.Moaning Lisa (1992)
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
References:
Bauer, Laurie. 1988. Introduction Linguistic Morphology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Blanchard, Karen and Christine Root. 2001. American Roots: Reading on U.S. Cultural History. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
Collins, Cobuild. 1990. English Language Dictionary. London: William Collins Sons & Co Ltd.
Crane, L.Ben, Edward Yeager and Randal L. Whitman. 1981. An Introduction to Linguistics. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
Crystal, David. 1998. Language Play. London: Penguin Group.
Datesman, Maryanne Kearny, JoAnn Crandall and Edward N. Kearny. 1997. The American Ways: An Introduction to American Culture. New York: Prentice Hall Regents.
(2)
Hornby, A.S. 2000. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press.
Leech, Geoffrey N. and Michael H. Short. 1981. Style in Fiction: A Linguistics Introduction to English Fictional Phrase. Essex: Longman.
Nash, Walter. 1994. The Language of Humour. New York: Longman Group, Inc. Perrine, Laurence. 1978. Literature Structure, Sound and Sense. New York:
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
Schiffrin, Deborah. 1994. Approches to Discourses. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publisher.
Stevenson, Douglas K. 1996. American Life and Institutions. Washington D.C.: English Language Programs Division.
--- 2000. Longman Advanced American Dictionary. Essex: Pearson Education limited.
--- 1988. Webster’s New World Dictionary. New York: Simons & Schuster, Inc.
Website:
Davidson, Ros. Santa Consumerism Gone Mad The Sunday Herald <http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20001217/ai_n1395580 8>
(3)
Dillon, Lucinda. Wasted Youth Deseret News (Salt Lake City) 28 March 2004 <http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4188/is_20040328/ai_n1144816 5>
Grenz, Stanley J. Christian Spirituality and the quest for identity: toward a spiritual-theological understanding of life in Christ: we live in a "spiritual" era. In a manner unprecedented is the late modern era, contemporary North American, appear to be open to the spiritual dimension of life - 1 – 2 Spring, 2002 <http://findarticles.com/p/ articles/mi_m0NXG/is_2_37/ai_94160844>
Hoffmann, Curtis. <[email protected]>
Idato, Michael. Matt Groening The Age (Melbourne, Australia) 18 July 2000 <http://www.snpp.com/other/interviews/groening00a.html>
Lee, Hayness. Simpsons Anagrams <http://www.snnp.com/guides/anagrams. html>
Mullin, Brett. The Simpsons, American Satire <http://www.snpp.com/other papers/bm.paper.html>
Motavalli, Jim. Enough! – Dissatisfaction with the Consumer Culture – Cover Story The Enviromental Magazine March-April 1996 <http:// findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1594/is_n2_v7/ai_18375318>
(4)
Veith, Gene Edward. WorldMag.com <http://www.studentnewsdaily.com/ Homers_odyssey.shtml>
Vogl, Bastian. The Simpsons and Their World – A Mirror of American Life? <http://www.snpp.com/other/papers/bv.paper.html>
Work, W. Keith. The Simpsons from an Obscure Hell to Life in the Fast Lane <http://www.snpp.com/other/papers/wkw.paper.html>
Source:
The Simpsons’ script (http://www.snpp.com/guides/ql.html) The Simpsons TV series:
1. Bart the Genius (1992) 2. Krusty Gets Busted (1992)
3. Blood Feud (1991)
4. Dead Putting Society (1991)
5. Itchy and Scratchy and Marge (1991)
6. Oh Brother, Where Art Thou (1991)
7. One Fish, Two Fish, Blowfish, Blue Fish (1991)
8. Three Men and A Comic Book (1991)
9. When Flanders Failed (1991)
10.Selma’s Choice (1993)
11.Lisa the Beauty Queen (1993) 12.Bart’s Inner Child (1993)
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13.Homer and Apu (1994)
14.Homer Loves Flanders (1994) 15.Bart Gets an Elephant (1994) 16.Itchy and Scratchy Land (1994) 17.Bart vs Australia (1995)
18.Brother from the Same Planet (1991) 19.Treehouse of Horror (1991)
20.Treehouse of Horror V (1994) 21.Treehouse of Horror III (1994) 22.Bart Gets an F (1991)
23.Bart’s Comet (1995) 24.Lisa’s First Word (1992)
25.Some Enchanted Evening (1992)
26.Principal Charming (1991)
27.Flaming Moe (1992)
28.Homer’s Odyssey (1992)
29.New Kid on the Block (1993) 30.Moaning Lisa (1992)
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