HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERSEPSI REMAJA PEROKOK TERHADAP PICTORIAL HEALTH WARNING DENGAN INTENSI BERHENTI MEROKOK DI SMK TRI GUNA BHAKTI SURABAYA Repository - UNAIR REPOSITORY

  _{PICTORIAL HEALTH WARNING} DENGAN INTENSI BERHENTI MEROKOK DI SMK TRI GUNA BHAKTI SURABAYA

  Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Keperawatan (S.Kep) Program Studi Pendidikan Ners Fakultas Keperawatan UNAIR

  Oleh: Achmad Luky Amanda Faridisa

  NIM. 131311123035 PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN NERS FAKULTAS KEPERAWATAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SURABAYA 2015

  KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillah Puji syukur kami panjatkan atas kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan hidayah serta inayah-Nya kepada penulis, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Skripsi dengan judul “Hubungan Antara Persepsi Remaja Perokok Terhadap Pictorial Health Warning dengan Intensi Berhenti Merokok di SMK Tri Guna Bhakti Surabaya” dengan tepat waktu.

  Skripsi ini disusun untuk memenuhi persyaratan dalam memperoleh gelar Sarjana Keperawatan di Program Studi Pendidikan Ners Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Airlangga Surabaya.

  Pada proses penyusunan Skripsi ini penulis memperoleh bimbingan serta bantuan dari banyak pihak. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada kepada yang terhormat:

  1. Ibu Purwaningsih, SKp., M.Kes, selaku Dekan Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Airlangga.

  2. Ibu Yulis Setiya Dewi, S.Kep., Ns., M.Kep., selaku pembimbing I dalam penelitian ini yang telah banyak memberikan bimbingan dan pengarahan kepada penulis hingga terwujudnya Skripsi ini.

  3. Bapak Candra Panji Asmoro, S.Kep., Ns., M.Kep., selaku pembimbing II dalam penelitian ini yang telah banyak memberikan bimbingan dan pengarahan kepada penulis hingga terwujudnya Skripsi ini.

  4. Ibu Eka Mishbahatul M.Has, S.Kep.Ns., M.Kes, selaku ketua penguji dalam penelitian ini yang membimbing dan memberikan masukan serta arahan yang sangat membangun demi kesempurnaan penelitian ini.

  5. Bapak Kepala Sekolah SMK Tri Guna Bhakti yang telah memberikan ijin untuk melakukan penelitian di SMK Tri Guna Bhakti Surabaya

  6. Terima kasih kepada responden yang telah berkenan menjadi responden dalam penelitian ini.

  7. Terima kasih kepada Mas Deby, Wawan, Ikhwan, Miftahul Jannah yang telah memberikan dukungan dan bersedia membantu dalam mengolah data penelitian ini.

  8. Terima kasih kepada Happy dan teman-teman yang telah bersedia membantu persiapan penelitian sebelum proses penelitian ini berlangsung.

  9. Semua teman-teman B16 yang telah memberikan dukungan dalam proses penyusunan Skripsi ini.

  Penulis telah berusaha untuk dapat menyusun penelitian ini dengan sebaik- baiknya. Akan tetapi, Skripsi ini tidak luput dari kekurangan. Maka daripada itu untuk kesempurnaan Skripsi ini, penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran dari semua pihak.

  Surabaya, 29 Januari 2015 Achmad Luky Amanda Faridisa NIM. 131311123035

  ABSTRACT THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PERCEPTION OF ADOLESCENT SMOKERS TO PICTORIAL HEALTH WARNING WITH INTENTION TO STOP SMOKING AT SMK TRI GUNA BHAKTI SURABAYA by Achmad Luky Amanda Faridisa

  Smoking is one of bad activities for health. Smoking activity persists in society, especially among teenagers. Even though they know the effects of smoking. The number of adolescent smokers increased in the three previous years. The government passed a legislation includes a pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs to solve this matter. Pictorial health warning aimed to stop smoking behavior in adolescent smokers. This research was conducted to determine the correlation between perception of adolescent smokers to pictorial health warning and intentions to stop smoking.

  This research was a correlation study conducted at SMK Tri Guna Bhakti Surabaya. This research population consisted of 60 students at SMK Tri Guna Bhakti Surabaya. The sample technique was non-probability technique with purposive sampling method. Samples were 31 students. This research consisted of two variables were the independet variable and the dependent variable. Independent variable of this research was the perception of adolescent smokers to pictorial health warning and the dependent variable was the intentions to stop smoking. Sampling method used purposive sample. Data was collected by using a questionnaire and analyzed by Spearman rho with level of significant <0.05.

  Results showed there were correlation between perception of adolescent smokers to pictorial health warning with intention to stop smoking in adolescent smokers (p = 0.047) and had a low level of correlation in value of 0.360. Pictorial health warning could affect the perceptions and intentions of adolescent smokers to stop smoking.

  It can be concluded that there were correlation between perception of adolescent smokers to pictorial health warning intention to stop smoking at SMK Tri Guna Bhakti Surabaya. Nurses at primary health care should provide health education on a regular basis to adolescent smokers. Nurses and teachers put up warning signs and warning of the dangers of smoking are prohibited from smoking in the school environment. Futher research should conduct a study with an open questionnaire and observation of adolescent smokers. It is recommended to students to improve their knowledge about dangers of smoking.

  Keywords: perception, pictorial health warning, intention to stop smoking, adolescent smokers, teenagers.

  DAFTAR ISI

  2.3 Promosi Kesehatan ................................................................................ 31

  2.2.1 Pengertian persepsi.................................................................... 16

  2.2.2 Macam-macam persepsi ............................................................ 17

  2.2.3 Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi.............................. 17

  2.2.4 Syarat pengadaan persepsi individu .......................................... 22

  2.2.5 Proses terjadinya persepsi ......................................................... 23

  2.2.6 Persepsi tentang rokok .............................................................. 30

  2.3.1 Promosi kesehatan pada rokok .................................................. 33

  2.1.4 Bahaya merokok ....................................................................... 11

  2.4 Konsep Intensi ...................................................................................... 37

  2.4.1 Pengertian intensi ..................................................................... 37

  2.5 Konsep Perilaku ................................................................................... 40

  2.5.1 Definisi perilaku ....................................................................... 40

  2.5.2 Bentuk perilaku dari responnya ................................................ 40

  2.5.3 Domain perilaku ....................................................................... 41

  2.2 Konsep Teori Persepsi........................................................................... 16

  2.1.3 Kandungan rokok ..................................................................... 8

  Halaman Halaman Judul dan Prasyarat Gelar ................................................................. i Surat Pernyataan............................................................................................... ii Lembar Persetujuan .......................................................................................... iii Lembar Penetapan Panitia Penguji................................................................... iv Kata Pengantar ................................................................................................. v

  1.4 Tujuan Penelitian

  Abstract ............................................................................................................ vii

  Daftar Isi........................................................................................................... ix Daftar Gambar .................................................................................................. xi Daftar Tabel ..................................................................................................... xii Daftar Lampiran ............................................................................................... xiii

  BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN

  1.1 Latar Belakang ...................................................................................... 1

  1.2 Identifikasi Masalah .............................................................................. 5

  1.3 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................. 5

  1.4.1 Tujuan umum ............................................................................ 6

  2.1.2 Jenis rokok ................................................................................ 7

  1.4.2 Tujuan khusus ........................................................................... 6

  1.5 Manfaat Penelitian

  1.5.1 Manfaat teoritis ......................................................................... 6

  1.5.2 Manfaat praktis.......................................................................... 6

  BAB 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

  2.1 Konsep Teori Rokok ............................................................................. 7

  2.1.1 Pengertian rokok....................................................................... 7

  2.6 Keaslian Penelitian ................................................................................ 45

  

BAB 3. KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN

  5.1.2 Data Umum ................................................................................. 67 5.1.3 data khusus .................................................................................. 69

  4.9.2 Anonimity.................................................................................. 64

  4.9.3 Confindetiality .......................................................................... 64

  4.10 Keterbatasan Masalah.......................................................................... 65

  BAB 5. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

  5.1 Hasil Penelitian ..................................................................................... 66

  5.1.1 Gambaran Umum ........................................................................ 66

  5.2 Pembahasan ........................................................................................... 71

  4.9 Etika Penelitian .................................................................................... 63

  5.2.1 Persepsi remaja perokok terhadap Pictorial Health Warning ..... 71

  5.2.2 Intensi berhenti merokok ............................................................. 73

  5.2.3 Persepsi remaja perokok terhadap Pictorial Health Warning dengan intensi berhenti merokok ................................................ 74

  BAB 6. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

  6.1 Simpulan ................................................................................................ 78

  6.2 Saran ...................................................................................................... 78

  4.9.1 Informed consent ...................................................................... 64

  4.8 Kerangka Kerja .................................................................................... 63

  3.1 Kerangka Konseptual .......................................................................... 47

  4.2.3 Sampling .................................................................................... 51

  3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ............................................................................. 48

  BAB 4. METODE PENELITIAN

  4.1 Rancangan Penelitian ........................................................................... 50

  4.2 Populasi, Sampel dan Sampling ........................................................... 50

  4.2.1 Populasi ..................................................................................... 50

  4.2.2 Sampel ...................................................................................... 51

  4.3 Identifikasi Variabel dan Definisi Operasional Penelitan .................... 52

  4.7 Cara Analisa Data ................................................................................ 60

  4.3.1 Variabel penelitian .................................................................... 52

  4.3.2 Definisi operasional .................................................................. 53

  4.4 Instrumen Penelitian............................................................................. 55

  4.4.1 Uji validitas ............................................................................... 56

  4.4.2 Uji Reliabilitas .......................................................................... 57

  4.5 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ............................................................... 58

  4.6 Prosedur Pengambilan atau Pengumpulan Data .................................. 58

  DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................ 80 LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................... 83

  DAFTAR GAMBAR

  Halaman

Gambar 1.1 Identifikasi Masalah Penelitian ............................................................. 5Gambar 2.1 Proses Terjadinya Persepsi (Soenaryo, 2004) ....................................... 29Gambar 2.2 Gambar Kanker Mulut dengan Tulisan “Merokok

  Sebabkan Kanker Mulut” ....................................................................... 35

Gambar 2.3 Gambar Orang Merokok Dengan Asap Yang

  Membentuk Tengkorak Dengan Tulisan “Merokok Membunuhmu” ..................................................................................... 35

Gambar 2.4 Gambar Kanker Tenggorokan Dengan Tulisan

  “Merokok Sebabkan Kanker Tenggorokan” ......................................... 36

Gambar 2.5 Gambar Orang Merokok Dengan Anak Di Dekatnya

  Denga Tulisan “Merokok Dekat Anak Berbahaya Bagi Mereka” .................................................................................................. 36

Gambar 2.6 Gambar Paru-Paru Yang Menghitam Karena Kanker

  Dengan Tulisan “Merokok Sebabkan Kanker Paru-Paru Dan Bronkitis Kronis”............................................................................ 37

Gambar 3.1 Kerangka Konseptual Hubungan Persepsi Remaja

  Perokok Terhadap Pictorial Health Warning Dengan Intensi Berhenti Merokok ...................................................................... 47

Gambar 4.2 Kerangka Kerja Hubungan Antara Pictorial Health

  Warning Dengan Persepsi Remaja Merokok dan Intensi

  Berhenti Merokok pada Remaja Perokok Di SMK Tri Guna Bhakti ........................................................................................... 63

  DAFTAR TABEL

  Halaman

Tabel 1.1 Survey Perokok Berdasarkan Riskesdas 2008 & 2013 dan Remaja Perokok Berdasarkan LPEP Unair & FE

  Usakti Tahun 2013 ................................................................................. 3

Tabel 2.1 keaslian penulisan .................................................................................. 45Tabel 4.1 Definisi Operasional Hubungan Antara Persepsi

  Remaja Perokok Terhadap Pictorial Health warning dengan Intensi Berhenti Merokok di SMK Tri Guna Bhakti Surabaya ..................................................................................... 53

Tabel 4.2 Blue print persepsi terhadap Pictorial Health Warning ......................... 57Tabel 4.3 Blue print intensi berhenti merokok ....................................................... 57Tabel 4.4 Koefisien korelasi dan tingkat hubungan ............................................... 62Tabel 5.1 Distribusi responden berdasarkan usia ................................................... 68Tabel 5.2 Distribusi responden berdasarkan pembelian bentuk rokok ...................................................................................................... 68Tabel 5.3 Distribusi responden berdasarkan persepsi remaja perokok terhadap Pictorial Health Warning .......................................... 69Tabel 5.4 Distribusi responden berdasarkan intensi berhenti merokok.................................................................................................. 69Tabel 5.5 Tabulasi silang remaja perokok terhadap Pictorial

  Health Warning dengan intensi berhenti merokok ................................ 70

Tabel 5.6 Hasil uji hipotesis persepsi remaja perokok terhadap

  Pictorial Health Warning dengan intensi berhenti

  merokok.................................................................................................. 70