Arabic Guide Transformasi Teologi Pribumi di Tanah Papua | Suryawan | JSW: Jurnal Sosiologi Walisongo

I J M E S TRANSLITERATION SYSTEM
FOR ARABIC, PERSIAN, AND TURKISH
Consonants
A = Arabic, P = Persian, OT = Ottoman Turkish, MT = Modern Turkish

‫ء‬
‫ب‬
‫پ‬

‫ت‬
‫ث‬
‫ج‬
‫چ‬
‫ح‬
‫خ‬
‫د‬
‫ذ‬
‫ر‬

A

P

OT

MT

ʾ

ʾ

ʾ

—

b

b

b

b or p

—

p

p

p

t

t

t

t

th

s

s

s

j

j

c

c

—

ch

ç

ç

ḥ

ḥ

ḥ

h

kh

kh

h

h

d

d

d

d

dh

z

z

z

r

r

r

r

A

P

OT

MT

z

z

z

z

—

zh

j

j

or y

or y

s

s

s

s

or ğ

or ğ

sh

sh

ş

ş

ṣ

ṣ

ṣ

s

‫ض‬

ḍ

ż

ż

z

‫ط‬

ṭ

ṭ

ṭ

t

‫ز‬
‫ژ‬

‫س‬
‫ش‬
‫ص‬

‫ظ‬
‫ع‬
‫غ‬

‫ف‬
‫ق‬

‫ك‬

‫گ‬

‫ل‬
‫م‬

‫ن‬
‫ه‬

ẓ

ẓ

ẓ

z

ʿ

ʿ

ʿ

—

gh

gh

g or ğ

g or ğ

f

f

f

f

q

q

ḳ

k

A

‫و‬

‫ي‬
‫ة‬

‫ال‬

k

P

OT

MT

k or g k or ñ k or n

—

g

g

g

l

l

l

l

m

m

m

m

n

n

n

n

1

h

h

w

v or u

v

v

y

y

y

y

a

2

3

1 When h is not inal. 2 In construct state: at. 3 For the article, al- and -l-.

Vo w e l s
ARABIC AND PERSIAN
Long ‫ ا‬or

Doubled

‫ی‬

ā

ā

‫و‬

ū

ū

‫ي‬

ī

ī

ّ‫ي‬-ِ iyy (inal form ī)

ّ ‫و‬-ُ uww (inal form ū)
Diphthongs

‫َو‬

‫َی‬
Short

OTTOMAN AND MODERN TURKISH

‫ا‬

uvv
ev

ai or ay

ey

-َ a

-ُ u
-ِ
i

words of Arabic
and Persian
origin only

iy (inal form ī)

au or aw

1

h

a or e
u or ü / o or ö
ı or i

For Ottoman Turkish, authors may either transliterate or use the modern Turkish orthography.

h