Vaksin untuk Pencegahan Pneumonia.
Pikiran Rakyat
ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFED
o
o
o
Se/asa
456
20
o
OApr
V a k s in u n tu k
•
0 Sabtu
Jumat
0 Minggu
8
9
10 11 @ ) 13 14 15,
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
7
22
21
Mar
0 Kamis
Rabu
0 Jun
Mei
0 Jul
0 Ags
0 Sep
0 Okt
Pencegahan
C IS S Y
dapat
y a itu p e n d id ik a n
B . K A R T A S A S M IT A
k o m u n ita s ,
la tih a n
S
m o n ia
E T I A P ta h u n
d ip e rk i-
pada
b a lita
p e rb a ik a n
di
g iz i, p e -
p e tu g a s k e s e h a ta n
da-
pedo-
m a n d ia g n o s is d a n p e n g o b a ta n
ju ta e p is o d e p n e u -
150
d ila k u k a n
k e s e h a ta n
la m h a l m e m a n fa a tk a n
ra k a n te rja d i le b ih d a ri
0 Des
Nov
P n e u m o n ia
p e n d e k a ta n
O le h
•
p n e u m o n ia ,
d i n e g a ra
penggunaan
an-
tib io tik a y a n g b e n a r d a n e fe k tif,
b e rk e m b a n g . M e n u ru t O rg a n i-
s e rta
s a s i K e s e h a ta n
y a n g te p a t d a n s e g e ra b a g i k a -
s e tia p ta h u n
anak
D u n ia (W H O ),
a n ta ra
yang
s a k it
h a ru s d ira w a t d a n
ta ra n y a
1 1 -2 0
ju ta
P e n in g -
d a p a t ju g a p e n in g k a ta n
caku-
d i d u n ia
p a n im u n is a s i d a n m e n g u ra n g i
m e n in g g a l. P n e u m o n ia m e n y e -
p o lu s i u d a ra d i d a la m ru a n g a n .
a rti
babkan
5 b a lita
m e ru ju k
A S I e k s k lu s if d a n a s u p a n z in g ,
a k a n m e n in g g a l, b e r-
1 d a ri
u n tu k
k a ta n g iz i te rm a s u k p e m b e ria n
ju ta d i a n -
2
w a k tu
s u s y a n g s a k it b e ra t.
p n e u m o n ia
k e m a tia n
d ib a n d in g k a n
m a tia n
le b ih tin g g i
P e n e litia n te rk in i m e n y im p u l-
d e n g a n to ta l k e -
k a n , m e n c u c i ta n g a n d a p a t m e -
A ID S , m a la ria ,
n g u ra n g i k e ja d ia n p n e u m o n ia ,
a k ib a t
dancam pak.
M e n u ru t
d o n e s ia
V a k s in a s i y a n g te rs e d ia
c a ta ta n
W H O , In -
m enduduki
u ru ta n
un-
tu k s a k it p n e u m o n ia d a n b e ra t-
tu k m e n c e g a h s e c a ra la n g s u n g
nya
p n e u m o n ia
p n e u m o n ia .
B ila
fa k to r
a d a la h v a k s in p e r-
e n a m s e te la h In d ia , C in a , N ig e -
ris ik o d ih in d a ri a ta u d ih ila n g -
tu s s is (a d a d a la m
ria , P a k is ta n , d a n B a n g la d e s h ,
k a n , k e m u n g k in a n
(Haemophilus influenzae t y p e b ) , d a n Pneumo-
s a k it a k a n
pak,
m e n u ru n .
m o n ia p a d a e n a m
to r ris ik o a d a la h : g ig i k u ra n g ,
c o c c u s (P e v ).
S u rv e i K e s e h a ta n R u m a h T a n g -
p e in b e ria n
a n ta ra n y a
g a d a ri D e p a rte m e n K e s e h a ta n
· (tid a k
Y a n g te rm a s u k
ASI
tid a k
fa k -
benar
sam pai
u s ia
cam pak
dan 2001 m enunju k k a n p n e u m o n ia m e m p u n y a i
e n a m b u la n ), k e k u ra n g a n
v ita -
g ra m
k o n trib u s i
ra n g , u m u r
1 9 9 2 ,1 9 9 5 ,
b e s a r te rh a d a p
ke-
e k s k lu s if
m in A , b e ra t b a d a n
la h ir k u -
m u d a , k e p a d a ta n
D T P ), c a m -
H ib
d e n g a n ju m la h k e ja d ia n p n e u ju ta b a lita .
D u a v a k s in
y a itu p e rtu s s is
te la h
m asuk
im u n is a s i
k e p ro -
b e rb a g a i n e g a ra , te rm a s u k
d o n e s ia .
V a k s in a s i
h u n ia n ,
d a k b a ik , te rp a p a r p o lu s i u d a ra
c u m a -c u m a
h a ta n
te m p a t k e
s e p e rti a s a p ro k o k , a s a p s a m p a ll, o b a t n y a m u k , p o lu s i u d a ra
d u a s e b a g a i p e n y e b a b k e m a tia n
lin g k u n g a n la in n y a , ju m la h k u -
S e m e n ta ra
H ib
b a y i d a n b a lita
m a n y a n g " tin g g a l" d i
pneum okokus
sudah
d a s a r (R is k e s d a s )
m o n ia
dan
2007,
m enduduki
te m p a t
penyebab
s e te la h
k e tig a
pneu-
d ia re ,
sebagai
k e m a tia n
pada
ing
tin g g i, d a n
im u n is a s i tid a k le n g k a p .
n e o n a tu s .
ris ik o
a d a la h
d a p a t m e n in g k a tk a n
yang
ris ik o u n -
g a h a n p n e u m o n ia
an
m e n g h in d a rk a n
s e la in d e n g a ta u
b is a
m e-
n g u ra n g i fa k to r ris ik o , b e b e ra p a
Kliping Humas Unpad 2010
d id a p a t
di posyandu
ju rk a n
kese-
te rm a s u k
dan puskesm as.
W HO
ke
se c a ra
d i la y a n a n
p re m e rin ta h
sukkan
U n tu k m e la k s a n a k a n p e n c e -
Faktorrisiko
F a k to r
(te n g g o ro k a n )
nasofar-
v a k s in
In -
kedua
m a tia n b a y i d a n a n a k . S e m e n -
c u a c a d in g in a ta u ti-
di
dan
n a s io n a l
ta ra p a d a
p e n e litia n k e s e h a ta n
u n tu k
d a la m
dan
d ia n d im a p ro g ra m
im u n is a s i n a s io n a l u n tu k b a lita
31
di
n e g a ra
M e n u ru t
la p o ra n
b e rk e m b a n g .
W H O , ked-
u a v a k s in in i d a p a t m e n c e g a h
k e m a tia n
ta h u n .
anak se-
1 .0 7 5 .0 0 0
N am un,
k a re n a
ganya
m ahal
n e g a ra
yang m em asukkan
p ro g ra m
b e lu m
h a r-
banyak
ke
d im u la i,
k a re n a
p e ru sa h a a n
B io fa rm a , s u d a h m a m p u m e m p ro d u k s i v a k s in R ib .
n a s io n a l im u n is a s i.
P e rta m a , v a k s in a s i c a m p a k .
S e ja k 4 0 ta h u n
d i In d o n e s ia b e lu m . D ih a ra p k a n d a la m w a k tu d e k a t b is a
la lu te la h a d a
K e e m p a t, v a k s in a s i p n e u m o c o c c u s . V a k s in p n e u m o c o c c u s
v a k s in c a m p a k y a n g
am an dan
sudah
.e f e k t i f ,
im u n is a s i
a n a k u s ia d i a ta s 2 ta h u n
cakupan
la m a
m e n c a p a i 7 6 p e rs e n . V a k s in a s i
dew asa.
cam pak
pneum okokus
d ib e rik a n
pada
anak
te rs e d ia
S e ja k
u n tu k
u n tu k
dan
v a k s in
2000,
bayi dan
s e h a t m u la i u s ia 9 b u la n . A n ju -
a n a k d i b a w a h 2 ta h u n
ra n
te rs e d ia , y a n g d ik e n a l s e b a g a i
Ik a ta n
d o n e s ia
D o k te r
(m A l)
b e rik a n
A nak
u n tu k
u la n g a n
cam pak
pada
In -
m em -
im u n is a s i
u s ia
d i a ta s
b u la n d a la m b e n tu k M M R
Pe-
im u n is a s i p e n tm aupun
yang
b e lu m m a s u k p ro g ra m
p e m e r-
(B IA S = B u la n
Im u -
in ta h . S e rin g k a li ib u m e m b e dakan
s e b a g a i im u n is a s i
p e rtu s is .
te rh a d a p
p e n y a k it
P a d a h a l,
m asuk
h a ru sn y a
sem ua
d ib e rik a n .
M u d a h -m u d a h a n
sudah
p ro g ra m
im u n is a s i n a s io n a l d i
In d o n e s ia ,
la m a
Im u n is a s i
jib " d a n
"hanya
d ia n ju r k a n ."
k a la u
m am pu
d i m a sa d e p a n , a n a k -a n a k
In -
d ifte ri, , d a n
d o n e s ia b is a m e n d a p a tk a n
se-
D T P m u la i
p a d a b a y i u s ia 2 b u -
b a n y a k m u n g k in v a k s in a s i u n tu k m e n c e g a h
p e n y a k it in fe k -
la n , 4 b u la n , d a n 6 b u la n s e b a -
si se c a ra
c u m a -c u m a
g a i im u n is a s i d a s a r. Im u n is a s i
P ro g ra m
N a s io n a l
p e rlu d iu la n g p a d a u s ia 1 8 b u -
p e m e rin ta h .
la n - 2 ta h u n
k a la u p e n c e g a h a n
d a n 5 ta h u n .
se c a ra
ru tin
Pe-
m en-
g a d a k a n B IA S D T s e tia p ta h u n
u n tu k a n a k S D .
R ib te rs e d ia s e ja k le b ih d a ri
te ta p i
10
m e la lu i
Im u n is a s i
M e n u ru t
W HO,
dan pengo-
b a ta n u n tu k p n e u m o n ia
d ila k -
s a n a k a n s e c a ra u n iv e rs a l, s e tia p ta h u n k e m a tia n
K e tig a , v a k s in a s i R ib . V a k s in
ta h u n ,
se -'
im u n is a s i
b e ru p a
d ib e rik a n
b e rsa m a
m e rin ta h
"w a-
v a k s in a s i
p e rtu s is
d ib e rik a n
S e m u a je n is
in g , b a ik y a n g m a s u k p ro g ra m
p e m e rin ta h
V a k s in a s i
te ta n u s .
c in e (P C V ).
anak
K edua,
BA
va c-
m e la k u k a n
ju g a
n is a s i A n a k S e k o la h ).
DTP,
c o n ju g a te
u n tu k
m e rin ta h
v a k s in a s i c a m p a k
s e k o la h
15
pneum ococca l
sudah
s e ju ta a n a k
b is a d ic e g a h . S u n g g u h lu a r b ia s a .* * *
penggunaannya
m a s ih te rb a ta s d a n b e lu m m e r-
P e n u lis ,
a ta . P a d a b e b e ra p a
n e g a ra ,
im u n is a s i R Ib te la h m a s u k p ro -
R e s p ir o lo g i
g ra m n a s io n a l im u n is a s i, te ta p i
ta s P a d ja d ja r a n
G uru
An a k,
F a k u lta s K e d o k te r a n
B esa r
R SH Sj
U n iv e r s i-
B a ndung.
ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFED
o
o
o
Se/asa
456
20
o
OApr
V a k s in u n tu k
•
0 Sabtu
Jumat
0 Minggu
8
9
10 11 @ ) 13 14 15,
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
7
22
21
Mar
0 Kamis
Rabu
0 Jun
Mei
0 Jul
0 Ags
0 Sep
0 Okt
Pencegahan
C IS S Y
dapat
y a itu p e n d id ik a n
B . K A R T A S A S M IT A
k o m u n ita s ,
la tih a n
S
m o n ia
E T I A P ta h u n
d ip e rk i-
pada
b a lita
p e rb a ik a n
di
g iz i, p e -
p e tu g a s k e s e h a ta n
da-
pedo-
m a n d ia g n o s is d a n p e n g o b a ta n
ju ta e p is o d e p n e u -
150
d ila k u k a n
k e s e h a ta n
la m h a l m e m a n fa a tk a n
ra k a n te rja d i le b ih d a ri
0 Des
Nov
P n e u m o n ia
p e n d e k a ta n
O le h
•
p n e u m o n ia ,
d i n e g a ra
penggunaan
an-
tib io tik a y a n g b e n a r d a n e fe k tif,
b e rk e m b a n g . M e n u ru t O rg a n i-
s e rta
s a s i K e s e h a ta n
y a n g te p a t d a n s e g e ra b a g i k a -
s e tia p ta h u n
anak
D u n ia (W H O ),
a n ta ra
yang
s a k it
h a ru s d ira w a t d a n
ta ra n y a
1 1 -2 0
ju ta
P e n in g -
d a p a t ju g a p e n in g k a ta n
caku-
d i d u n ia
p a n im u n is a s i d a n m e n g u ra n g i
m e n in g g a l. P n e u m o n ia m e n y e -
p o lu s i u d a ra d i d a la m ru a n g a n .
a rti
babkan
5 b a lita
m e ru ju k
A S I e k s k lu s if d a n a s u p a n z in g ,
a k a n m e n in g g a l, b e r-
1 d a ri
u n tu k
k a ta n g iz i te rm a s u k p e m b e ria n
ju ta d i a n -
2
w a k tu
s u s y a n g s a k it b e ra t.
p n e u m o n ia
k e m a tia n
d ib a n d in g k a n
m a tia n
le b ih tin g g i
P e n e litia n te rk in i m e n y im p u l-
d e n g a n to ta l k e -
k a n , m e n c u c i ta n g a n d a p a t m e -
A ID S , m a la ria ,
n g u ra n g i k e ja d ia n p n e u m o n ia ,
a k ib a t
dancam pak.
M e n u ru t
d o n e s ia
V a k s in a s i y a n g te rs e d ia
c a ta ta n
W H O , In -
m enduduki
u ru ta n
un-
tu k s a k it p n e u m o n ia d a n b e ra t-
tu k m e n c e g a h s e c a ra la n g s u n g
nya
p n e u m o n ia
p n e u m o n ia .
B ila
fa k to r
a d a la h v a k s in p e r-
e n a m s e te la h In d ia , C in a , N ig e -
ris ik o d ih in d a ri a ta u d ih ila n g -
tu s s is (a d a d a la m
ria , P a k is ta n , d a n B a n g la d e s h ,
k a n , k e m u n g k in a n
(Haemophilus influenzae t y p e b ) , d a n Pneumo-
s a k it a k a n
pak,
m e n u ru n .
m o n ia p a d a e n a m
to r ris ik o a d a la h : g ig i k u ra n g ,
c o c c u s (P e v ).
S u rv e i K e s e h a ta n R u m a h T a n g -
p e in b e ria n
a n ta ra n y a
g a d a ri D e p a rte m e n K e s e h a ta n
· (tid a k
Y a n g te rm a s u k
ASI
tid a k
fa k -
benar
sam pai
u s ia
cam pak
dan 2001 m enunju k k a n p n e u m o n ia m e m p u n y a i
e n a m b u la n ), k e k u ra n g a n
v ita -
g ra m
k o n trib u s i
ra n g , u m u r
1 9 9 2 ,1 9 9 5 ,
b e s a r te rh a d a p
ke-
e k s k lu s if
m in A , b e ra t b a d a n
la h ir k u -
m u d a , k e p a d a ta n
D T P ), c a m -
H ib
d e n g a n ju m la h k e ja d ia n p n e u ju ta b a lita .
D u a v a k s in
y a itu p e rtu s s is
te la h
m asuk
im u n is a s i
k e p ro -
b e rb a g a i n e g a ra , te rm a s u k
d o n e s ia .
V a k s in a s i
h u n ia n ,
d a k b a ik , te rp a p a r p o lu s i u d a ra
c u m a -c u m a
h a ta n
te m p a t k e
s e p e rti a s a p ro k o k , a s a p s a m p a ll, o b a t n y a m u k , p o lu s i u d a ra
d u a s e b a g a i p e n y e b a b k e m a tia n
lin g k u n g a n la in n y a , ju m la h k u -
S e m e n ta ra
H ib
b a y i d a n b a lita
m a n y a n g " tin g g a l" d i
pneum okokus
sudah
d a s a r (R is k e s d a s )
m o n ia
dan
2007,
m enduduki
te m p a t
penyebab
s e te la h
k e tig a
pneu-
d ia re ,
sebagai
k e m a tia n
pada
ing
tin g g i, d a n
im u n is a s i tid a k le n g k a p .
n e o n a tu s .
ris ik o
a d a la h
d a p a t m e n in g k a tk a n
yang
ris ik o u n -
g a h a n p n e u m o n ia
an
m e n g h in d a rk a n
s e la in d e n g a ta u
b is a
m e-
n g u ra n g i fa k to r ris ik o , b e b e ra p a
Kliping Humas Unpad 2010
d id a p a t
di posyandu
ju rk a n
kese-
te rm a s u k
dan puskesm as.
W HO
ke
se c a ra
d i la y a n a n
p re m e rin ta h
sukkan
U n tu k m e la k s a n a k a n p e n c e -
Faktorrisiko
F a k to r
(te n g g o ro k a n )
nasofar-
v a k s in
In -
kedua
m a tia n b a y i d a n a n a k . S e m e n -
c u a c a d in g in a ta u ti-
di
dan
n a s io n a l
ta ra p a d a
p e n e litia n k e s e h a ta n
u n tu k
d a la m
dan
d ia n d im a p ro g ra m
im u n is a s i n a s io n a l u n tu k b a lita
31
di
n e g a ra
M e n u ru t
la p o ra n
b e rk e m b a n g .
W H O , ked-
u a v a k s in in i d a p a t m e n c e g a h
k e m a tia n
ta h u n .
anak se-
1 .0 7 5 .0 0 0
N am un,
k a re n a
ganya
m ahal
n e g a ra
yang m em asukkan
p ro g ra m
b e lu m
h a r-
banyak
ke
d im u la i,
k a re n a
p e ru sa h a a n
B io fa rm a , s u d a h m a m p u m e m p ro d u k s i v a k s in R ib .
n a s io n a l im u n is a s i.
P e rta m a , v a k s in a s i c a m p a k .
S e ja k 4 0 ta h u n
d i In d o n e s ia b e lu m . D ih a ra p k a n d a la m w a k tu d e k a t b is a
la lu te la h a d a
K e e m p a t, v a k s in a s i p n e u m o c o c c u s . V a k s in p n e u m o c o c c u s
v a k s in c a m p a k y a n g
am an dan
sudah
.e f e k t i f ,
im u n is a s i
a n a k u s ia d i a ta s 2 ta h u n
cakupan
la m a
m e n c a p a i 7 6 p e rs e n . V a k s in a s i
dew asa.
cam pak
pneum okokus
d ib e rik a n
pada
anak
te rs e d ia
S e ja k
u n tu k
u n tu k
dan
v a k s in
2000,
bayi dan
s e h a t m u la i u s ia 9 b u la n . A n ju -
a n a k d i b a w a h 2 ta h u n
ra n
te rs e d ia , y a n g d ik e n a l s e b a g a i
Ik a ta n
d o n e s ia
D o k te r
(m A l)
b e rik a n
A nak
u n tu k
u la n g a n
cam pak
pada
In -
m em -
im u n is a s i
u s ia
d i a ta s
b u la n d a la m b e n tu k M M R
Pe-
im u n is a s i p e n tm aupun
yang
b e lu m m a s u k p ro g ra m
p e m e r-
(B IA S = B u la n
Im u -
in ta h . S e rin g k a li ib u m e m b e dakan
s e b a g a i im u n is a s i
p e rtu s is .
te rh a d a p
p e n y a k it
P a d a h a l,
m asuk
h a ru sn y a
sem ua
d ib e rik a n .
M u d a h -m u d a h a n
sudah
p ro g ra m
im u n is a s i n a s io n a l d i
In d o n e s ia ,
la m a
Im u n is a s i
jib " d a n
"hanya
d ia n ju r k a n ."
k a la u
m am pu
d i m a sa d e p a n , a n a k -a n a k
In -
d ifte ri, , d a n
d o n e s ia b is a m e n d a p a tk a n
se-
D T P m u la i
p a d a b a y i u s ia 2 b u -
b a n y a k m u n g k in v a k s in a s i u n tu k m e n c e g a h
p e n y a k it in fe k -
la n , 4 b u la n , d a n 6 b u la n s e b a -
si se c a ra
c u m a -c u m a
g a i im u n is a s i d a s a r. Im u n is a s i
P ro g ra m
N a s io n a l
p e rlu d iu la n g p a d a u s ia 1 8 b u -
p e m e rin ta h .
la n - 2 ta h u n
k a la u p e n c e g a h a n
d a n 5 ta h u n .
se c a ra
ru tin
Pe-
m en-
g a d a k a n B IA S D T s e tia p ta h u n
u n tu k a n a k S D .
R ib te rs e d ia s e ja k le b ih d a ri
te ta p i
10
m e la lu i
Im u n is a s i
M e n u ru t
W HO,
dan pengo-
b a ta n u n tu k p n e u m o n ia
d ila k -
s a n a k a n s e c a ra u n iv e rs a l, s e tia p ta h u n k e m a tia n
K e tig a , v a k s in a s i R ib . V a k s in
ta h u n ,
se -'
im u n is a s i
b e ru p a
d ib e rik a n
b e rsa m a
m e rin ta h
"w a-
v a k s in a s i
p e rtu s is
d ib e rik a n
S e m u a je n is
in g , b a ik y a n g m a s u k p ro g ra m
p e m e rin ta h
V a k s in a s i
te ta n u s .
c in e (P C V ).
anak
K edua,
BA
va c-
m e la k u k a n
ju g a
n is a s i A n a k S e k o la h ).
DTP,
c o n ju g a te
u n tu k
m e rin ta h
v a k s in a s i c a m p a k
s e k o la h
15
pneum ococca l
sudah
s e ju ta a n a k
b is a d ic e g a h . S u n g g u h lu a r b ia s a .* * *
penggunaannya
m a s ih te rb a ta s d a n b e lu m m e r-
P e n u lis ,
a ta . P a d a b e b e ra p a
n e g a ra ,
im u n is a s i R Ib te la h m a s u k p ro -
R e s p ir o lo g i
g ra m n a s io n a l im u n is a s i, te ta p i
ta s P a d ja d ja r a n
G uru
An a k,
F a k u lta s K e d o k te r a n
B esa r
R SH Sj
U n iv e r s i-
B a ndung.