The potentials of karaton surakarta hadiningrat as tourist attraction in solo, central java ummul
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THE POTENTIALS OF KARATON SURAKARTA HADININGRAT AS TOURIST ATTRACTION IN SOLO, CENTRAL JAVA
FINAL PROJECT REPORT
Submitted as a Partial Requirement in Obtaining Degree in the English Diploma Program, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
Sebelas Maret University
By: Ummul Azhim
C9309080
ENGLISH DIPLOMA PROGRAM FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA
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MOTTO
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. 103:1 By (token of) the time (through the ages)!
103:2 Surely, man is in loss,
103:3 Except, those who have a Faith and do good deeds, and exhort one another to the Truth, and exhort one another to the patience.
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DEDICATION
This final project report is dedicated to
My Beloved Parents My Family My Best Friends
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vi PREFACE
The writer would like to say thank to God, who always gives His guidance and blessing. The writer also delivers her thank to everybody who helped her in accomplishing this final project report.
In this paper, the writer describes the buildings of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat, which has potential to attract tourists. Besides, the final project report also contains information about the cultural events held by Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat as the tradition of the Royal Family and its society to be tourist attraction.
The writer realizes that there are many weaknesses in this final project report. Any suggestion, criticism and correction are very expected to make it better. I hope this report is useful for the readers.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin. All praise for Allah SWT the Almighty. I would like to say my deepest thanks to :
1. The Dean of the Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Sebelas Maret University,
Drs.Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D.
2. The Head of English Diploma Program, Yusuf Kurniawan, S.S, M.A. for
the highest dedication to English Diploma Students.
3. My Academic Supervisor, M.Farkhan.MD, S.Ag. M.Ag. I thank you for
your support during my study.
4. My Supervisor, Dra. Rara Sugiarti, M.Tourism. I thank you for your
patience and guidance in finishing this final project report.
5. All Lecturers of English Diploma Program.
6. KGPH. Puger BA. as the Head of Museum and Tourism of Karaton
Surakarta Hadiningrat. I am grateful to you for accepting me to have the job training.
7. My beloved parents, thank you for everything.
8. My older sister and her family.
9. For my best friends, the member of Nero, Nana, Nova, Tiara, Ummul, Veni,
Vero, and Winahyu. Hey, pal! Although there are many obstacles, we can figure them out! Keep our companionship!
10. All my friends of class C, of Tourism Mainstream, and of English Diploma
Program of 2009 year.
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viii ABSTRACT
Ummul Azhim. 2012. The Potentials of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat as Tourist Attraction in Solo, Central Java. English Diploma Program, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University.
The final project report is written based on the job training which is done for a month in Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat. The objectives of this paper are to describe the buildings and to describe the events of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat as tourist attraction in Solo city. The result shows that the ancient buildings of palace, which are still maintained and kept in the originality until now, are the potentials of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat to attract tourists; they are divided
into four areas such as front complex of the palace, Sitihinggil area, museum, and
Karaton/Palace. Besides, the other potentials are the traditional events that are
still preserved by Royal Family and the society as the custom and tradition of the
ancestor in the past. The cultural events that attract tourists are Bedhoyo
Ketawang Dance, Gunungan Sekaten, Kirab 1 Suro, Jamasan, Tingalan
Jumenengan, and Wayangan (Shadow Puppet Performance). Those two forms of
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ... i
APPROVAL OF SUPERVISOR ... ii
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ... iii
MOTTO ... iv
DEDICATION ... v
PREFACE ... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vii
ABSTRACT ... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ix
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A. Background ... 1
B. Objectives ... 3
C. Benefit ... 4
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW A. Tourism ... 5
B. Cultural Tourism ... 6
C. Tourist Attraction ... 7
CHAPTER III: DISCUSSION A. Brief History of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat ... 10
B. The Potentials of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat as Tourist Attraction in Solo, Central Java ... 13
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1. Buildings of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat as Tourist
Attraction in Solo City ... 13
2. Cultural Events of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat as Tourist
Attraction in Solo City ... 24
C. The Activity during the Job-Training ... 28
D. The Achievement during the Job-Training ... 31
CHAPTER IV: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusions ... 32
B. Suggestions ... 32
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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POTENSI KARATON SURAKARTA HADININGRAT SEBAGAI ATRAKSI WISATA DI SOLO, JAWA
TENGAH
Ummul Azhim1
Dra. Rara Sugiarti, M.Tourism2
ABSTRAK
2012. Program Diploma III Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Sastra dan Seni Rupa, Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Laporan ini dibuat berdasarkan hasil magang yang dilakukan di Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat. Tujuan dari penulisan laporan ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bangunan-bangunan dan upacara-upacara di Karaton Surakrta Hadiningrat sebagai atraksi wisata di kota Solo.
Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa bangunan-bangunan kuno istana yang masih dirawat dan dijaga keasliannya sampai sekarang merupakan potensi Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat untuk menarik perhatian wisatawan; kompleks bangunan-bangunan tersebut dibagi menjadi empat area yaitu kompleks depan istana, area Sitihinggil, museum, dan Karaton/istana utama.
1
Mahasiswa DIII Bahasa Inggris dengan NIM C9309080
2
Dosen Pembimbing
Selain itu, potensi yang lain adalah upacara-upacara tradisional yang masih dilestarikan oleh keluarga kerajaan dan masyarakatnya sebagai adat leluhur di masa lalu. Upacara-upacara tradisional untuk menarik perhatian wisatawan tersebut adalah Tari Bedhoyo Keta wang, Gunungan Sekaten, Kirab 1 Suro, Jamasan, Tingalan Jumenengan, dan Wayangan (Pertunjukan Wayang Kulit). Dua
bentuk atraksi tersebut berpotensi untuk mempengaruhi
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THE POTENTIALS OF KARATON SURAKARTA HADININGRAT AS TOURIST ATTRACTION IN SOLO,
CENTRAL JAVA
Ummul Azhim1
Dra. Rara Sugiarti, M.Tourism2
ABSTRACT
2012. English Diploma Program, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Sebelas Maret University.
The final project report is written based on the job training which is done for a month in Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat. The objectives of this paper are to describe the buildings and to describe the events of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat as tourist attraction in Solo city.
The result shows that the ancient buildings of palace, which are still maintained and kept in the originality until now, are the potentials of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat to attract tourists; they are divided into four areas such as front complex of the palace, Sitihinggil area, museum, and Karaton/Palace.
1
Mahasiswa DIII Bahasa Inggris dengan NIM C9309080
2
Dosen Pembimbing
Besides, the other potentials are the traditional events that are still preserved by Royal Family and the society as the custom and tradition of the ancestor in the past. The cultural events that attract tourists are Bedhoyo Ketawang Dance, Gunungan Sekaten, Kirab 1 Suro, Jamasan, Tingalan Jumenengan, and Wayangan (Shadow Puppet Performance). Those two forms of attractions are potential
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
Tourism today has an important role in most countries over the world. It plays a significant role in attracting tourists through their natural and cultural tourist attractions. The arrival of tourists to a certain region helps countries to gain their income in foreign exchange and taxes; so does Indonesia.
Tourism in Indonesia actually has existed since the fifties. The government just officially made a department for tourism in the sixties. In the late sixties, this sector is encouraged by the second president of Indonesia, Soeharto, to put it as the third or the fourth of incoming taxes and foreign exchange. As we know, Indonesia has magnificent potentials both nature and culture to attract tourists. This fact shows us that tourism sector takes an important role in the Indonesian economy. It is a good opportunity for Indonesia to dig out the hidden potentials and expose it to the world.
A research was conducted by PATA (Pacific Area Travel Association) in 1961 by giving a questionnaire to the society of North America to give the reasons of their travel and the result shows that:
More than 50% of tourists, who expects to visit Asia and Pacific Area, chooses to see the society with their local tradition, way of life, art, history, temple, and ancient inheritance.
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As a part of Asia, Indonesia has a unique point distinguishing from another country. Indonesia is an archipelago country with 17,508 islands and 6,000 of them being inhabited. It is also called as the emerald of the equator, a beautiful country with its richness of natural beauty sprawling from Sabang through Merauke that is located in equator line. Aside from natural beauty, the culture of Indonesia also has existed since our ancestor; it cannot be separated from Indonesian. There are 719 languages and 300 ethnic groups across the archipelago. It creates cultural diversity that is able to attract the curiosity of tourists both foreign and domestic to come.
One of the great potentials of cultural inheritance in Indonesia is a kind of historical heritage that comes from the role of kingdoms founding culture. Kingdoms become the root in forming this country. They also bring the order of how people live and behave among the society. In addition, they constructed the buildings exemplifying their glory at that time.
From numerous kingdoms in Indonesia, Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat is one of the kingdoms that has a significant influence to this country. It is located in Surakarta, or often called Solo, one of cities in Central Java Province, and also known as the city of culture. This kingdom is Islamic kingdom as the descent of Mataram kingdom. At the present, it becomes the original historical and cultural heritage proving the freedom of Indonesia. It is assumed as the source of Javanese culture in this country. This kingdom has a very long history to be described. However, after a number of occurrences, this Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat finally moved to Solo until today. This magnificent palace is still in original shape as the years it passed
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long time ago and brings the order of culture to the society. The originality makes it precious and ancient. The excellence and the glory of this palace are very worthy and unforgettable. It saved the real history of the Indonesian struggle against the colonizer. The glimpses of Javanese classical culture are available in this site.
From the elaboration above, we know that Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat has great potentials of cultural attraction. Therefore, the writer is interested to describe the potentials of this ancient palace by making a paper entitled THE POTENTIALS OF KARATON SURAKARTA HADININGRAT AS TOURIST ATTRACTION IN SOLO CITY, CENTRAL JAVA.
B. Objectives
Based on the background of the problem above, the objectives are:
1. To describe the buildings of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat as tourist
attraction in Solo, Central Java
2. To describe the cultural events of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat as tourist
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C. Benefits
The research gives benefits as follows:
1. For Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat
This article adds the collection of reading materials for the library of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat.
2. For Tourism Department of Surakarta
This article also gives further information about the potentials owned by Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat to Tourism Department of Surakarta, and then the department can make an optimal promotion activity for attracting more tourists both foreign and domestic to come to the region.
3. For Readers
It is expected that this article could give more knowledge to the readers about the ancient palace of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat in Solo, Central Java.
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CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Tourism
Tourism becomes an important sector that is able to influence the economic condition of certain countries for recent years. Since this happening, many experts, practices, and organizations form many definitions for the term and that are relevant to it.
As what was quoted from www.pub.unwto.org, an official website of World Tourist Organization (WTO) of United Nations (UN), in 1995 this world organization has defined the term of tourism as activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes.
In the meantime, Suwantoro (2007, p. 3) suggests tourism as a temporary travelling process of a person or more to the place outside their living space. This is motivated by variety of necessities such as economical, social, cultural, political, religious, and health interest or caused by the curiosity to improve the experience or to study.
In addition, as stated by Marpaung (2002, p. 13), tourism is a temporary movement of people in order to get out of their routine works, to get out of their residence. The activities done during their stay in the destination and the facilities are made to fulfill their needs.
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From those definitions, the writer concludes that tourism is a short trip (not more than one whole year) done by people to get out from their usual environment based on some purposes, for example, business, or just to look for the different ambiance by visiting some places for leisure.
B. Cultural Tourism
Cultural tourism is one of numerous types of tourism. Many people are motivated to make tourism by desire to see other region’s culture. This is the simple definition of cultural tourism.
Meanwhile, Pendit (2003, p. 38) states that this kind of tourism is meant to be a trip done on the will to enlarge people’s point of view by holding a visit or an observation to other places or abroad to learn the situation of citizen, custom, local tradition and way of life, culture and art. This trip is often like determined by chances to take a part in cultural events such as exposition of arts (dance, drama, music, and sing) or activities related to history.
Whereas, Johri (2005, p. 25) says that cultural tourism is tourism when people are motivated to travel in order to see the cultural heritage of their own country or those of foreigner countries, i.e., visit ancient historical monuments, places of religious interest, museums, art galleries, etc., it is termed as cultural tourism.
In line with Damardjati (2001, p. 31), cultural tourism is a movement or a tourism activity that is excited by tourist attractions in the form of local culture, for
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example: custom and tradition, religious ritual, society way of life, historical inheritance, art, vernacular craft, etc.
Other definition is cited from www.mrsc.org, a website of Municipal Research and Services Center of Washington. It states that according to The National
Trust for Historic Preservation’s (NTHP) (2011), the definition of cultural heritage
tourism is traveling to experience the places and activities that authentically represent the stories and people of the past and present. It includes irreplaceable historic, cultural and natural resources.
To sum up those definitions, cultural tourism is kinds of tourism where the tourists are interested to come caused by the desire to learn citizen’s tradition, or to see the cultural heritage at the destination, and even to join in certain cultural events held there.
C. Tourist Attraction
The main component of tourism is called tourist attraction. This component has magnetism in motivating people to make a travel.
As quoted from the document of www.tourism.wa.gov.au, a website of Western Australia Government, Metelka (1990) argues tourist attraction as positive or favorable attributes of an area for a given activity or set of activities as desired by a given customer or market, including climate, scenery, activities, and culture. They are:
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1. Manmade attractions are physical structures (Sydney Harbor Bridge) or
events (Olympics).
2. Natural attractions are physical phenomena deemed unusual and /or
beautiful (Bungle Bungles).
Yuswohady (2005, p. 118) says the form of tourist attractions can be both nature and culture or special interesting in variety of events such as art and sport festivals, art performances, annual exhibitions, etc. For example, Yogyakarta is one of regions that is active to hold kinds of art festivals to attract tourists from annual
event like Art Yogya Festival, Keraton Festival, Sekaten Fair, Labuhan to Sendra
Tari Ramayana that is performed every full moon in Prambanan temple.
While, Damardjati (2001, p. 126) suggests that tourist attraction can be in the form of events, either periodically or constantly, both traditionally and institutionalized in modern society. All of them are positive attractions for tourists to
come, see, and enjoy, so that, it can give maximal satisfaction for tourist’s
motivations, which are stimulated to make a travel.
He also suggests that tourist attraction can be in the form of object, static things that are created by human as the result of art and culture, or natural phenomena that have magnetism in attracting tourists to come, to see, to admire, and to enjoy, so
that it will meet the tourist’s satisfaction in accordance with their motives. (2001, p.
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Based on the definitions above, the writer concludes that tourist attraction is an object of certain destination area that attracts people to come; this attraction may be in the form of manmade or natural attraction.
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CHAPTER III DISCUSSION
A.Brief History of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat
In accordance with R. Ay. Sri Winarti P. (2004, p. 15) and the citation from the official website of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat, www.karatonsurakarta.com, in 16 century before Dutch colonized Dutch East Indies, Indonesia, which used to be
called Nusantara (Archipelago) consists of several kingdoms competing each other to
have an authority of Java island. The last kingdom is known as Mataram II, which was founded by Prince Senopati in 1587. In his golden age, the influence of the kingdom is not only extended to Java Island but also to the state, which is today called Malaysia. Still under the administration of King Hamangkurat II, Mataram Kingdom, which used to be situated in Kota Gede, had moved for several times during 1587-1680. He is the king who founded palace in Kartasura, near Solo city, too. However, in the ages of his government, the relation between the Kingdom and
Dutch was getting worse. When Hamangkurat III took over his father’s position,
Dutch allied with his competitive prince, Sunan Paku Bunowo I, to help him to be the new king.
The coronation of Paku Buwono I was followed by several wars of struggle
for the throne. Because of Dutch’s intervention, the grandchild of Paku Buwono I
could be the next king, to be Paku Buwono II. During the government of Paku
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Buwono II, there was a rebellion of Chinese people led by Raden Mas Garendi, the grandchild of Hamangkurat II, in Kartasura, and he won the battle to take charge of
Kartasura Palace. This rebellion is widely known as Geger Pecinan, the destruction
of Kartasura palace. Since that, Raden Mas Garendi is called Sunan Kuning or Sunan Hamangkurat V. This occurrence caused Paku Buwono II evacuated to Ponorogo, East Java. For lapse of some times, Paku Buwono II succeeded to grab Kartasura Palace back from the rebel.
As the order of the kingdom, a palace, which is once controlled by enemy, could not be used anymore. Then, Paku Buwono II decided to move the palace to
Surakarta. This decision was made after considering the kingdom’s shamans who
gave three villages to choose, among Sala, Kadipolo, or Sonosewu village. Finally, the best choice was taken by considering the future of the palace based on good spirit. Sala (Solo) village was chosen to be the area where to build the new palace. Then, the name of palace was changed to be Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat by Paku Buwono II, who was also the first king of this new kingdom. After several times, there were some agreements, which split the kingdom to be Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat in Solo and Karaton Kasultanan Yogyakarta in Yogyakarta. Then, each kingdom was separated more to be Karaton Surakarta and Pura Mangkunegaran, as well as Karaton Yogyakarta and Pakualam. Nevertheless, until now, the pedigree of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat kings has reached to Paku Buwono XIII.
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Here is the pedigree of the kings:
Susuhunan Hamangkurat Agung (Hamangkurat I)
Susuhunan Paku Buwono I (Pangeran Puger) Karaton Surakarta
Susuhunan Hamangkurat Amral (Hamangkurat II)
Susuhunan Hamangkurat Mas
(Kencet) Hamangkurat III Pangeran
Teposono Susuhunan Hamangkurat Jawa
(Hamangkurat IV) Karaton Kartasura
Raden Mas Garendi (Sunan Kuning) Hamangkurat V Susuhunan Paku Buwono II
Karaton Kartasura/ Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat
Susuhunan Paku Buwono III-XIII Karaton Surakarta
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B. The Potentials of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat as Tourist Attraction in
Solo, Central Java
Of several destinations in Solo city, Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat is the main one that is shame not to visit. This is caused by the potentials of the palace that
can attract tourist’s curiosity to see, to learn, and even to join in. Its potentials are the
originality of the ancient culture of Javanese ethnic group existing and living in the past both cultural inheritance in the form of static things and custom they did at that time. In this palace, those historical evidences of past custom are maintained and preserved by Royal Family and its people. They keep the tradition as well as their ancestors do until now. Because of the high philosophy of Javanese people in the past, even the door is also given the name. Everything has its hidden meaning.
1. Buildings of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat as Tourist Attraction in Solo
City
To make easier, the whole buildings are divided into four main areas opened to be tourist attraction:
a. Front Complex of Palace
1) Bangsal Pagelaran Sasanasumewa
Bangsal Pagelaran Sasanasumewa (sasana: place, sumewa: meet)
is located in the south of northern square of Karaton Surakarta. This building faces to the north, which used to be built on the land
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with the roof of bamboo woods. Nevertheless, after being reconstructed in 1913 when it was under Paku Buwono X, this building becomes majestic and solid as what we see today. The architecture of this large building is like a hall with no doors and no walls, which stands on 48 pillars. In the past, this place is also
used to extend the order of Sunan (king) concerning various
matters of kingdom. That is why this place is named Pagelaran,
which means to extend.
2) Bangsal Pangrawit
Inside this large ward, there is a little ward called Bangsal
Pangrawit. The meaning of the term is to beautify. This ward
functioned to be the place where the king conveyed the order to the
liegeman and inaugurated Sentono Dalem (high-ranking aristocrats)
and officials on regent level upper. This inauguration is often called
Miyos Tinangkil. There is a stone from the administration of
Panembahan Senopati when the kingdom was still in Kota Gede. The stone is put there functioned to be foothold of the king.
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3) Bangsal Pacekotan
The next right of Bangsal Pagelaran Sasanasumewa, there is
Bangsal Pacekotan. This place is like a small house functions as the
place where a person would get the boon from the king.
4) Bangsal Pacikeran
The next left of Bangsal Pagelaran Sasanasumewa is Bangsal
Pacikeran, which is used to punish people who had done crime.
5) Bangal Martolulut
In the east of stairs to Sitihinggil, there is a small building called
Bangsal Martolulut. This ward functions to be the place where
Abdi Dalem (court employees, retainers, and ordinary people)
brought the boon to them who rendered a service.
6) Bangsal Singanegara
In the west of stairs to Sitihinggil, there is Bangsal Singanegara. This place is used to give court decision.
b. Sitihinggil
Sitihinggil is a large area that is located behind or in the south of
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as the philosophy meaning of Sitihinggil (siti: land, inggil: high) when
the government of Paku Buwono III. This place is said as the symbol of Goddess. It is surrounded by solid walls as the fence. The gateway
is called Kori Wijil Pisan. The northern side of this place is a line of
cannons. Each cannon has its own name, from west to east they are Kyai Brising, Kyai Bagus, Kyai Nakula, Kyai Kumbarawa, Kyai
Kumbarawi, Kyai Sadewa, Kyai Alus, and Kyai Kadhalbutung or
Mahesa Kumali or Pamecut. There are eight wards built in this second
area:
1) Bangsal Sewayana
The largest ward is Bangsal Sewayana, which means where in this
place a person has achieved the deepest inside feeling. This ward is built under Paku Buwono X and stands on eight blue pillars. The ceiling shaped concave to create large image painted in white.
Bangsal Sewayana is also utilized as the place for celebration of
Garebeg Maulud, an event to commemorate the birthday of
Prophet Muhammad SAW on 12th Rabiul Awal, this celebration is
called Sekaten. Another celebration is Garebeg Syawal, an event to
welcome the Big Day of Muslims on 1th Syawal. The last one is
Garebeg Besar, an event to celebrate Idul Adha, another big day of
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2) Bangsal Manguntur Tangkil
Inside of Bangsal Sewayana is Bangsal Manguntur Tangkil. It is a
small ward where the king sits. It is constructed higher than
Bangsal Sewayana with four golden painted pillars. The floor is
made of marble stones. In this place, the king used to deliver a crucial order about the state such as the statement to make a war or reconciliation.
3) Bangsal Witana
The next ward is Bangsal Witana (the beginning of existence). It
becomes the central wards in Sitihinggil.
4) Bangsal Manguneng
Inside of Bangsal Witana is Bangsal Manguneng (oneng: confused
about unseen things). There is an heirloom treated for three times a
year inside Bangsal Manguneng. It is a sacred cannon named Nyai
Setomi. The event to treat the sanctified cannon is called Jamasan.
5) Bangsal Gandhek Tengen
In the east of Bangsal Sewayana, there are two wards. The first
ward is Bangsal Gandhek Tengen, which functions as the keeping
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6) Bangsal Angun-Angun
Next to Bangsal Gandhek Tengen is Bangsal Angun-Angun
(angun: to watch) that is used to play Gamelan (traditional
instrument) for celebrating certain big days and the events of the palace.
7) Bangsal Balebang
The pair of Bangsal Angun-Angun is Bangsal Balebang, which is
placed in the west of Bangsal Witana. This ward is utilized as the
place to save Gamelan. The architecture of the ward is adopted
from the building of Dutch colonial. Bangsal Balebeng is opened
every Thursday to change the flower the ritual offerings.
8) Bangsal Gandhek Kiwo
The next to the colonial architecture ward is Bangsal Gandhek
Kiwo. It is used for keeping place of Abdi DalemGandhek Kiwa.
Now, it is also functioned as local radio station named Karti
Budaya led by KGPH. Puger BA.
There is one more construction behind Bangsal Witana, which is used
to cover Sitihinggil area from the hustle of Jl. Supit Urang traffic. This
high solid wall is named Rana. The door to get out from Sitihinggil
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Entering to Baluwarti area through Kori Brajanala, there is Bangsal
Gito Swandono, which is placed in west of Kori Kamandungan. This
ward is separated from Sitihinggil area, but it is still involved in the route of visitors from Sitihinggil. In this place, several ancient carts
and cars are displayed. The carts are Kyai Retno Pambagyo, Kyai
Garuda Putra, Kyai Retnosewoko, and Kyai Manik Kumolo. Besides,
the cars are Chrysler, which was made in America, under Paku
Buwono X and Grey Mercy, which was made in German, under Paku
Buwono XII.
c. Museum
Museum of Karaton Surakarta Hadininngrat is located in the eastern
side of Karaton. Visitors from Jl. Supit Urang must turn left to reach
this place. The museum is divided into nine rooms. Many collections are displayed here. They are as follows:
1) Room I
In this room, visitors can see the images of Kings and Queen of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat and some engravings.
2) Room II
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3) Room III
Room III has the collections of the procession of Javanese marriage and its tools.
4) Room IV
In this room, there are several vernacular art scenes, such as the performances of shadow puppet performance including puppeteer, puppet, and screen, and other kinds of puppets.
5) Room V
There are several masks displayed in this room that are used to perform the dance based on the story of Panji Inukertapati, Panji Asmarabangun, Dewi Galuh Ajeng, Dewi Galuh Candrakirana, Klana, etc. besides, there are also some reliefs exemplifying traditional performances.
6) Room VI
The instruments of ceremonial events are displayed here.
7) Room VII
Here, some ancient carts are placed. The other ancient carts are
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8) Room VIII
The reliefs in this room exemplify the meet between Paku Buwono VI and Prince Diponegoro and the situation of the court in the past. There are also several ancient weapons and diorama of Diponegoro war.
9) Room IX
This is the place for Kyai Rajamala, a statue of a giant head as the
decoration of the boat of Paku Buwono IV. There are also displayed Javanese house mockups, small statues made of clay, traditional toys, kitchen utensil, etc.
d. Karaton (Palace)
This main area of Karaton Surakarta is placed next to museum. After entering and seeing the collection of the museum, visitor can continue
the activity by entering to palace yard, where many Sawo Kecik trees
are planted. The sand of the yard is taken from the sand of South Beach. In this location, there are several buildings to see, such as:
1) Panggung Songgobuwono
This is the highest building of Karaton Surakarta, which is built under the government of Paku Buwono III. This building is four-storey-floor with diameter 6 meters in length and 30 meters in
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height. According to the legend, this high building is used by the king to meditate and to meet Ratu Kencanasari, the queen of South Sea. Besides, this building used to be the place of palace guards to watch the arrival of enemies and to monitor the security of
surrounding Karaton area. To be the highest building of the
palace, it is also utilized as the place to decide the Javanese calendar based on the moon movement.
2) Bangsal Sasana Sewoko
Sasana Sewoko (sasana: place, sewaka: sitting cross-legged on the
floor with having a moment of silence to focus on God) is the
central ward of Karaton. This ward, which was built in the period
of Paku Buwono X, stands on 36 wood pillars with four cornerstones inside facing to the east. This building is usually
called Pendopo Ageng, a large pavilion. It shaped as Joglo house,
Javanese house. This place is used to meditate or to have a
moment of silence to focus on God by King and Abdi Dalem for
general prosperity. This pavilion is usually used for the exercise of
Bedhaya Ketawang dance every Tuesday Kliwon, one of Javanese
days. A big lamp named Robyong Kyai Remeng is hanged in the
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3) Bangsal Maligi
In front of Sasana Sewoko, there is a terrace separating Sasana
Sewoko and Bangsal Maligi. Bangsal Maligi is the easily
eye-caught ward because it sticks out to forward if compared with other buildings. The roof shaped pyramid. It used to be the place
for holding the circumcision of the king’s sons.
4) Sasana Handrawina
Sasana Handrawina is a ward with pyramid roof. It is located next
to Sasana Sewaka. This ward, which was built in the period of
Paku Buwono IV and was renovated by Paku Buwono X, is used
to serve the king’s guests or the place where to hold big party. The
wall of this ward is entirely made of glass.
5) Sasana Pustoko
Sasana Pustoko is the two-storey-library of the palace. It is located
next to Sasana Handrawina, but it faces to the north. This library
was built based on the encouragement of Paku Buwono X to save books, holy Quran, etc. There are so many collections of Javanese books. The visitor may enter to this place by having the covering letter from the organization, department, or personal request by mentioning the purpose of visit.
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6) Bangsal Bujono
Bangsal Bujono is in the east side of palace complex. This place is
used to serve food and beverage for followers of Karaton.
7) Bangsal Pradangga Kidul
This ward is in the north of Bangsal Bujono. It functions as the
place for playing Gamelan to entertain king or to play songs of
certain events.
8) Bangsal Pradangga Lor
Bangsal Pradangga Lor is next to Bangsal Pradangga Kidul. This
ward is functioned as the place to put stuff when certain events are held.
2. Cultural Events of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat as Tourist Attraction in
Solo City
a. Bedhoyo Ketawang Dance
According to the legend, Bedhoyo Ketawang dance represents the love
of Ratu Kencanasari, the queen of South Sea, to Panembahan Senopati, the king of Mataram II. This dance is assumed as sacred dance, which is only performed when the king’s coronation and anniversary of king’s coronation. This sanctified dance is performed by nine virgin girls who are prepared and selected intensively before
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the day of performance. Those who are selected must live in seclusion from out world to prepare the body and soul for the ritual dance. This
dance is only performed in Sasana Sewaka, no other places allowed.
For the frequent exercise, this dance is performed every Tuesday
Kliwon, one of the Javanese days.
b. Gunungan Sekaten
Sekaten is a celebration to commemorate the birthday of Prophet
Muhammad SAW. Seven days before the day, Gamelan of Karaton is
brought to northern square to be played from 10am and stopped when
the time for praying Dzuhur, about 00am. In this week, there will be
Sekaten Fair in northern square, which is enlivened by visitors and
traders. The top event of Sekaten is celebration of Gunungan. It is like
making offerings of thankful to God in the form of food and agricultural produce. These offerings are arranged in two types,
Gunungan Laki-Laki (for man) and Gunungan Perempuan (for
woman). This Gunungan event is held together with Garebeg Maulud
Nabi. The route of Gunungan is started in Karaton and finished in
Agung mosque, which is located in the west of northern square.
Firstly, it will be a ceremony in Karaton and a set of Gamelan placed
in the square are taken to put in Pradangga Lor and Kidul. This
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the ceremony, the two Gunungan are brought to Agung mosque
through Kori Manganti, Kori Kamandungan, Kori Brojonolo,
Sitihinggil, Northern square, and the last place is in mosque. This
procession is also escorted by marching band of Karaton. In mosque,
people and Abdi Dalem scramble the offerings.
c. Kirab 1 Suro
This event is held to commemorate the new year of Javanese calendar. This procession is by holding a parade where in the first line is holy
buffaloes as the pets of Karaton named Kyai Slamet. The sacred
heirlooms are put in the cart. The parade route is from Karaton,
Kamandungan, northern square, Gladhak, Sangkrah,Jl. Pasar Kliwon,
Baturana, Gading, Gemblegan, Nonongan, Jl. Slamet Riyadi, back to
Gladhak, northern square, Kori Kamandungan, and to Karaton. This
event is to pray to God in order to give the country salvation.
d. Jamasan
Jamasan is an event held in Sitihinggil. This is an event to treat the
heirloom of Bangsal Manguneng. It is the sacred cannon, Nyai Setomi.
This event is held three times a year. The society surrounding Karaton
also still have a faith that the water used after Jamasan Kyai Setomi
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e. Tingalan Jumenengan
It is an event to celebrate the anniversary of king’s coronation. The
activities of this event include Bhedoyo Ketawang dance, graduation
of Sentono Dalem (high-ranking aristocrat) and Abdi Dalem, and
parade. Tingalan Jumenengan becomes annual cultural event of
Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat. They who participate in this event are
royal family, royal guests, and Abdi Dalem.
f. Wayangan (Shadow Puppet Performance)
Puppet performance is the event that is not frequently held. This event
is usually held by KGPH Puger BA., in Sitihinggil, which is exactly in
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C.The Activity During Job-Training
The bureau of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat:
In Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat, the writer was given the job as a guide. There are four places, which is always turned every four days in a month among other job trainees. The job of guide is to guide the tourists who visit the place where she/he is in charge at that time by explaining the buildings or by informing the tourist when they are confused about the sketch of the palace. This occurrence often happens, as
we know the front side of the palace is from the northern square to Bangsal
Pagelaran Sasanasumewa. From here, most tourists are in confusion because
between Sitihinggil and Baluwarti is separated by Jl. Supit Urang. In addition, the
Paku Buwono XIII
Chief of Tourism
Treasure Secretary
Front Office Marketing Museum
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entrance to Karaton is placed in the door, which is placed in the eastern of palace.
Therefore, firstly tourists must go around. They usually think that the entrance for
tourists is Kori Pamandungan because it is placed in the front side of Karaton and is
looked right from Sitihinggil. As we know, Kori Pamandungan is only opened for the
member of Royal Family and guests. During the job training, the writer has done the duties in four places. They are as follows:
1. Sitihinggil
To enter Sitihinggil, tourists have to buy the ticket in Karaton office,
which is next to Bangsal Pagelaran Sasonosumewa. The cost is Rp
5.000,00,. With the amount tourists can satisfy their curiosity of ancient
cultural inheritance to see Bangsal Sasanasumewa, Sitihinggil area and
ancient carts that are placed in Bangsal Gito Swandono. Most visitors
sometimes do not know the role of this regulation because they directly
come from Bangsal Pagelaran and enter to Sitihinggil without buying the
ticket. Therefore, a guide is necessary to handle this matter. The job is to inform the place to buy the ticket. After they get the ticket, the guide will
check it and open Kori Wijil to allow them to enter. Then, the guide
explains about the place and ushers them to the next attractions, ancient carts and cars. Technically, the guide just informs the direction.
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2. Bangsal Gito Swandono (the ward of ancient carts and cars)
This place displays four ancient carts and two antique cars that are used by the kings and royal family in the past. There, the guide job is to check
the tourist ticket, if they went from Sitihinggil. While, if they directly
come to the cart from Baluwarti, not from Sitihinggil, they have to buy
ticket, which costs Rp 2.000,00. In addition, if they want to take the picture in this area by using digital camera, they should pay Rp 3.000,00 more, but if using camera of hand phone there is no charge for it. This is underlined because if the visitors use digital camera, they can make the documentation of this attraction in the form of video. After that administration, guide elaborates those carts and cars.
3. Keputren (Royal Family area)
In this place, guide will be accompanied by Abdi Dalem who is on duty at
that time. The turn is also scheduled. They dressed traditionally. Here, the
guide is to be a guard. Between area of palace yard and Keputren is a
boundary. Visitors are not allowed to pass this boundary. Actually, there have been three boards notifying the visitors to not pass this boundary. However, sometimes visitors who are too enjoyable to satisfy their curiosity do not read this warning. Then they just go by this boundary. The duty of guide as guard is to remind them. In addition, they who are in
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hanged around the neck as the sign of Karaton people. Inside this
Keputren, the woman is forbidden to wear trouser; they must wear skirt.
4. Entrance of Karaton Yard
In the next place, the writer is exactly placed in the entrance of palace yard. As the job trainee, we are only given the chance to accompany
guide to look around yard and the attractions inside such as Sasana
Handrawina, etc. Many foreign tourists come to this palace from Japan,
America, Canada, French, etc. Usually, the foreign tourists who cannot speak English are already accompanied by his own guide. Nevertheless,
there are also some of them coming without guide. In Karaton, there are
available guides for Japanese and English. Here, the job of trainee as a guide is not only to explain the historical buildings, but also to inform the visitors about the role to enter the palace yard such as visitors are forbidden to use hat or slipper/sandal, and dress impolitely, to honor the palace.
D.The Achievement During Job-Training
By doing the job training in Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat as guide for a month, the writer got many achievements that improve the ability and knowledge especially in becoming guide and generally in speaking and understanding English.
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1. Talking with Native Speaker
By talking with native speaker, the writer exactly knows the vocabularies they normally use, the phrase they use in expressing something, and the proper way they pronoun words. The writer can compare how difficult to understand English language spoken by the people which English as their mother language (native speaker) and the people which English as the second language (non-native speaker). The writer can also learn how to speak like native speaker and understand how they use slang and accent in daily conversation. The writer can put proper meaning of the words and phrase.
2. Applying the Lesson of Guiding
Beside of all those above, the writer can also apply the theory of guiding technique which has been taught in the class. The writer learns what she
will do to respond the tourist’s question. When in the field, unexpected
occurrences may happen. Therefore, we need to be smart to handle the problem soon. Moreover, the writer can also develop her skill of guiding.
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CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusions
From previous discussion, the writer concludes that the first potentials of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat are in the form of buildings including front complex
such as Bangsal Sasanasumewa, Bangsal Pangrawit, Bangsal Pacekotan, Bangsal
Pacikeran, Bangsal Martolulut, and Bangsal Singanegara. Sitihinggil area consists of
Bangsal Sewayana, Bangsal Manguntur Tangkil, Bangsal Witana, Bangsal
Manguneng, Bangsal Angun-Angun, Bangsal Gandhek Tengen, Bangsal Balebang,
and Bangsal Gandhek Kiwo. The museum of the palace involves room I, II, III, IV,
V, VI, VII, VIII, and IX. Karaton/Palace area includes Panggung Songgobuwono,
Sasana Sewaka, Bangsal Maligi, Sasana Handrawina, Sasana Pustoko, Bangal
Bujono, Bangsal Pradangga Kidul, and Bangsal Pradangga Lor.
The second potentials of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat are in the form of
cultural events including Bedhoyo Ketawang Dance, Gunungan Sekaten, Kirab 1
Suro, Jamasan, Tingalan Jumenengan, and Wayangan (Shadow Puppet
Performance).
B. Suggestions
During conducting the job training for a month in Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat, the writer observed that there are many components that should be improved. Therefore, the writer would like to recommend several things to consider.
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1. For Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat
a. Karaton management should train the employees who work there. The
services of those employees are very influential in satisfying the visitors. It is not recommended to let them disappointed because of bad service and wrong behavior done by employees. Visitors, who got good service, indirectly will have unforgettable memory and keep it until they return to their residence and even they may share their memorable experience to the people around them. This will be free effective promotion through words-of-mouth and has a very significant meaning.
b. Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat should consistently keep and reserve
the ancestor’s tradition to make the palace become most visited and
favored tourist attraction to increase tourist arrival.
c. Karaton Surakarta management should create leaflet, brochure, etc., as
the media promotion from its own management and fill it with a map completed with the detail sketch to make the tourist not confused about the location of Surakarta palace.
d. Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat needs to improve the facility of
Karaton, which also affects the tourist’s hospitality such as keeping the cleanliness of toilet to make them comfortable when visiting this site.
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2. For Tourism Department of Surakarta
Tourism Department of Surakarta could take a part in improving the effectiveness of promotion of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat by adding some promotion media such as by promoting this attraction through local television channel, local radio station, and press, or by making more interesting printed materials and holding a tourism exhibition. This department has this authority to make the region’s attractions known by people both local and non-local.
(1)
commit to user
2. Bangsal Gito Swandono (the ward of ancient carts and cars)
This place displays four ancient carts and two antique cars that are used by the kings and royal family in the past. There, the guide job is to check the tourist ticket, if they went from Sitihinggil. While, if they directly come to the cart from Baluwarti, not from Sitihinggil, they have to buy ticket, which costs Rp 2.000,00. In addition, if they want to take the picture in this area by using digital camera, they should pay Rp 3.000,00 more, but if using camera of hand phone there is no charge for it. This is underlined because if the visitors use digital camera, they can make the documentation of this attraction in the form of video. After that administration, guide elaborates those carts and cars.
3. Keputren (Royal Family area)
In this place, guide will be accompanied by Abdi Dalem who is on duty at that time. The turn is also scheduled. They dressed traditionally. Here, the guide is to be a guard. Between area of palace yard and Keputren is a boundary. Visitors are not allowed to pass this boundary. Actually, there have been three boards notifying the visitors to not pass this boundary. However, sometimes visitors who are too enjoyable to satisfy their curiosity do not read this warning. Then they just go by this boundary. The duty of guide as guard is to remind them. In addition, they who are in this place (except royal family) must wear Samir, a traditional scarf
(2)
hanged around the neck as the sign of Karaton people. Inside this Keputren, the woman is forbidden to wear trouser; they must wear skirt.
4. Entrance of Karaton Yard
In the next place, the writer is exactly placed in the entrance of palace yard. As the job trainee, we are only given the chance to accompany guide to look around yard and the attractions inside such as Sasana Handrawina, etc. Many foreign tourists come to this palace from Japan, America, Canada, French, etc. Usually, the foreign tourists who cannot speak English are already accompanied by his own guide. Nevertheless, there are also some of them coming without guide. In Karaton, there are available guides for Japanese and English. Here, the job of trainee as a guide is not only to explain the historical buildings, but also to inform the visitors about the role to enter the palace yard such as visitors are forbidden to use hat or slipper/sandal, and dress impolitely, to honor the palace.
D.The Achievement During Job-Training
By doing the job training in Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat as guide for a month, the writer got many achievements that improve the ability and knowledge especially in becoming guide and generally in speaking and understanding English.
(3)
commit to user 1. Talking with Native Speaker
By talking with native speaker, the writer exactly knows the vocabularies they normally use, the phrase they use in expressing something, and the proper way they pronoun words. The writer can compare how difficult to understand English language spoken by the people which English as their mother language (native speaker) and the people which English as the second language (non-native speaker). The writer can also learn how to speak like native speaker and understand how they use slang and accent in daily conversation. The writer can put proper meaning of the words and phrase.
2. Applying the Lesson of Guiding
Beside of all those above, the writer can also apply the theory of guiding technique which has been taught in the class. The writer learns what she will do to respond the tourist’s question. When in the field, unexpected occurrences may happen. Therefore, we need to be smart to handle the problem soon. Moreover, the writer can also develop her skill of guiding.
(4)
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusions
From previous discussion, the writer concludes that the first potentials of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat are in the form of buildings including front complex such as Bangsal Sasanasumewa, Bangsal Pangrawit, Bangsal Pacekotan, Bangsal Pacikeran, Bangsal Martolulut, and Bangsal Singanegara. Sitihinggil area consists of
Bangsal Sewayana, Bangsal Manguntur Tangkil, Bangsal Witana, Bangsal
Manguneng, Bangsal Angun-Angun, Bangsal Gandhek Tengen, Bangsal Balebang,
and Bangsal Gandhek Kiwo. The museum of the palace involves room I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, and IX. Karaton/Palace area includes Panggung Songgobuwono,
Sasana Sewaka, Bangsal Maligi, Sasana Handrawina, Sasana Pustoko, Bangal
Bujono, Bangsal Pradangga Kidul, and Bangsal Pradangga Lor.
The second potentials of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat are in the form of cultural events including Bedhoyo Ketawang Dance, Gunungan Sekaten, Kirab 1
Suro, Jamasan, Tingalan Jumenengan, and Wayangan (Shadow Puppet
Performance).
B. Suggestions
During conducting the job training for a month in Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat, the writer observed that there are many components that should be improved. Therefore, the writer would like to recommend several things to consider.
(5)
commit to user 1. For Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat
a. Karaton management should train the employees who work there. The services of those employees are very influential in satisfying the visitors. It is not recommended to let them disappointed because of bad service and wrong behavior done by employees. Visitors, who got good service, indirectly will have unforgettable memory and keep it until they return to their residence and even they may share their memorable experience to the people around them. This will be free effective promotion through words-of-mouth and has a very significant meaning.
b. Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat should consistently keep and reserve the ancestor’s tradition to make the palace become most visited and favored tourist attraction to increase tourist arrival.
c. Karaton Surakarta management should create leaflet, brochure, etc., as the media promotion from its own management and fill it with a map completed with the detail sketch to make the tourist not confused about the location of Surakarta palace.
d. Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat needs to improve the facility of Karaton, which also affects the tourist’s hospitality such as keeping the cleanliness of toilet to make them comfortable when visiting this site.
(6)
2. For Tourism Department of Surakarta
Tourism Department of Surakarta could take a part in improving the effectiveness of promotion of Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat by adding some promotion media such as by promoting this attraction through local television channel, local radio station, and press, or by making more interesting printed materials and holding a tourism exhibition. This department has this authority to make the region’s attractions known by people both local and non-local.