Analisa Mengenai Pemberian Kredit Modal Kerja Oleh Bank Melalui Mekanisme “Take Over” (Kajian Mengenai Prosedur Dan Jaminan Pada Bank Swasta Di Medan)
ABSTRAK
Kredit Modal Kerja merupakan kredit untuk perseorangan atau badan usaha
sebagai tambahan permodalan untuk pengembangan usaha yang telah berjalan.
Pemerintah sangat mendorong,mendukung dan membantu sektor UKM (Usaha Kecil
Menengah atau SME “Small Medium Enterprise”), agar UKM menjadi penopang
tatanan perekonomian Indonesia. Maknanya, bahwa pemerintah menginginkan agar
perekonomian Indonesia berkembang terutama melalui sektor UKM. Salah satu
langkah yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam menjamin pengembangan UKM adalah
akses penjaminan dalam penyediaan pembiayaan yang meliputi kredit perbankan.
Bank selaku pemberi kredit saling bersaing secara terbuka dalam menawarkan jasa
kreditnya, salah satu strateginya adalah menarik debitur yang berasal dari bank lain
yang memiliki track record perkreditan yang baik, sehingga bank memiliki debitur
yang berkualitas dan dapat meminimalkan kemungkinan kredit bermasalah. Strategi
tersebut adalah peralihan kredit atau dalam praktek perbankan dilapangan dikenal
dengan istilah “take over”. Adapun rumusan masalah yang dibahas dalam penelitian
ini adalah bagaimana mekanisme peralihan kredit (take over) pada bank swasta
nasional dalam pemberian fasilitas modal kerja bagi pengusaha kecil maupun
menengah, bagaimana bank swasta nasional melakukan analisis terhadap kegiatan
usaha pengusaha kecil dan menengah yang layak untuk di take over dan bagaimana
solusi terhadap penurunan kinerja usaha pengusaha kecil maupun menengah terkait
pinjaman kreditnya kepada bank.
Penelitian ini bersifat desktiptif analitis. Penelitian ini menggunakan
pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan menggabungkan dua metode pengumpulan data
yaitu studi kepustakaan/studi dokumen dan penelitian lapangan yang kemudian
dianalisa dengan metode analisa kualitatif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prosedur pemberian kredit modal kerja
melalui mekanisme take over yaitu; dimulai dari permohonan kredit bersamaan
dengan pengumpulan data-data dan dokumen, selanjutnya data-data dan dokumen
tersebut dilakukan pengecekan (dengan kunjungan usaha,trade checking, dan bank
checking) juga appraisal jaminan, kemudian dilakukan analisa kualitatif dan
kuantitatif oleh Account Officer dan jika hasil analisa dinilai layak oleh Account
Officer tersebut maka dibuat Memo Rekomendasi Kredit / proposal yang diajukan
kepada Credit Risk Review dan Komite Kredit. Jika disetujui Komite Kredit maka
dibuatlah Offering Letter dan Surat Pemberitahuan Ambil Alih kepada Bank Take
Over. Dimana Surat Pemberitahuan Ambil Alih / Take Over Kredit yang diberikan
kepada Bank Take Over isinya bahwa akan dilakukan take over kredit dan memohon
kerjasamanya untuk dapat memastikan jumlah outstanding pinjaman,rincian jaminan
atas fasilitas yang akan diambil alih, status jaminan, serta apakah asli jaminan dan
surat roya dapat diserahkan pada hari yang sama dengan pelunasan. Tahap
selanjutnya dilakukan perjanjian kredit dan pengikatan jaminan, setelah selesai
pengikatan dilakukan pencairan kredit dan pelunasan ke Bank Take Over selanjutnya
i
pihak Account Officer bersama dengan debitur ke Bank Take Over untuk dilakukan
pengambilan dokumen jaminan asli di Bank Take Over dan wajib mengambil slip
atau bukti tanda pelunasan, Surat Roya dan bukti kepemilikan jaminan yang asli.
Objek jaminan di roya terlebih dahulu kemudian baru dibebani Hak Tanggungan.
Dalam pemberian kredit analisa kualitatif dan kuantitatif wajib dilakukan karena
prinsip yang terpenting dalam pemberian kredit modal kerja adalah cashflow dari
usaha debitur yang merupakan sumber utama pembayaran kembali pinjaman.
Komunikasi antara bank dengan debitur dan monitoring kredit harus terus dilakukan
setelah kredit modal kerja disalurkan. Hal ini penting agar bank dapat menggali
informasi terkini dari debitur terutama informasi mengenai usahanya sehingga jika
usaha debitur mengalami tanda- tanda penurunan dapat segera diatasi oleh debitur
dengan bantuan dan kerjasama dari bank. Dengan masih adanya kepercayaan dan
dukungan bank terhadap debitur biasanya dapat menenangkan para supplier atau
kreditur lain dalam bermitra usaha sehingga usaha debitur dapat terus berjalan dan
debitur dapat memenuhi kewajibannya kepada bank.
Bank hendaknya tetap memegang teguh profesionalisme dan service quality
karena kedua hal tersebutlah debitur dapat menetap pada suatu bank dan tidak dapat
di take over kreditnya oleh bank lain.Dalam memberikan kredit, bank harus teliti dan
tegas dalam melakukan analisa kredit karena kredit yang diberikan oleh bank
mempunyai resiko.Setelah kredit disalurkan, bank harus melakukan pemantauan
terhadap debitur dalam penggunaan fasilitas kredit dan kepatuhan memenuhi
kewajibannya.
Kata Kunci : Kredit Modal Kerja, Peralihan Kredit, Take Over
ii
ABSTRACT
Working capital is the credit for individual and business entity as te addtional
capital for developing the running business. The government encourages, supports,
and helps UKM ( Small and Medium Enterprise ) sector in order that it can support
the Indonesian economic system. It indicates that the government wants the
Indonesian economy to develop, especially through UKM sector. One of the efforts
made by the government is guaranteeing UKM development is the access to the
guarantee in providing financing wich includes banking credit. Bank as credit
provider competes openly in offering its credit; one of its stategies is attracting its
debtors who comes from other banks wich have track record in good credits so that
the banks has qualified debtors and can minimize nonperfoming loan. This strategy is
“take over” credit. The formal of the problem was about “take over”credit in the
national private bank in giving working capital credit to small and medium
enterprise, how national private bank does the analysis on the activity of small and
medium enterprise wich is appropriate to take over, and how about the solution the
deacrease in perfomance of small and medium enterprise,related its credit from bank.
This is the analytical descriptive research using normative juridical approach
by combining two methods of data collections, which are the study of literature/
documentary study and field study , then it is analysed by the qualitative analysis
method.
The result of the reseach showed that the procedure of giving working capital
credit through “take over”machanism began form a request for credit, along with
data collecting and documentation. The gathered data wee checked (by business
visits, trade checking, and bank checking), and secutity appraisal was performed.
They were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by an Account Officer or a Credit
Officer. Credit Recommendation Memo/proposal, filed to Credit Risk Review, was
made when the proposal was considered feaseable. When it was approved by the
Credit Commitee, an Offering letter and a Letter of Notification of Transfer was fiked
to the Take Over Bank wich stated that take over credit will be carried out and
requested their colaboration to make sure the amount of credit oustanding, guarantee
detail on the facilities which would be transferred, guarantee status, and whether the
guarantee and letter of cancellation could be submitted in at the same day with the
paying off. The next step was that credit contact and security binding were done.
After the binding was over, credit disbursement and the paying off to the Take Over
Bank were done. Then the Account Officer and the debtor went to the Take Over
Bank and transfer of original warranty in the Take Over Bank and credit voucher and
quittance, the Letter of Cancellation, and original warranty ownership document
were carried out. The collateral object was cancelled first before it was burdened wit
Mortgage Right. In giving credit, qualitative and quantitative analysis should be done
because the important principle in giving working capital credit is cash flow from the
debtors as the main source in repaying the credit. Communication and credit
iii
monitoring between bank and debtor must keep going, even after the working capital
credit is given. This is very important, so that the bank can get the newest information
about the debtor, mainly the information about his business. So if the debtor’s
business seems to deacrease, it can be handled sooner by the debtor with the help
and coorporation from the bank. By still having the trust and support from the bank
to the debtor, usually it can calm down the supplier or other crediturs on their
business partnership, so that the debtor’s business can keep going and the debtor
can fulfill his responsibility to the bank.
It is recommended that bank should be firm professionalism and service
quality since debtors will be loyal to a certain bank and their credit can’t be “taken
over” by other banks. In giving credits, a bank should use prudential principle or due
diligence in going credit analysis since the credit has its risk. After the credit has
been given, the bank should monitor the debtors in using credit facility and
compliance in fulfilling their obligation.
Keywords : Working Capital Credit, Credit Transfer, Take Over
iv
Kredit Modal Kerja merupakan kredit untuk perseorangan atau badan usaha
sebagai tambahan permodalan untuk pengembangan usaha yang telah berjalan.
Pemerintah sangat mendorong,mendukung dan membantu sektor UKM (Usaha Kecil
Menengah atau SME “Small Medium Enterprise”), agar UKM menjadi penopang
tatanan perekonomian Indonesia. Maknanya, bahwa pemerintah menginginkan agar
perekonomian Indonesia berkembang terutama melalui sektor UKM. Salah satu
langkah yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam menjamin pengembangan UKM adalah
akses penjaminan dalam penyediaan pembiayaan yang meliputi kredit perbankan.
Bank selaku pemberi kredit saling bersaing secara terbuka dalam menawarkan jasa
kreditnya, salah satu strateginya adalah menarik debitur yang berasal dari bank lain
yang memiliki track record perkreditan yang baik, sehingga bank memiliki debitur
yang berkualitas dan dapat meminimalkan kemungkinan kredit bermasalah. Strategi
tersebut adalah peralihan kredit atau dalam praktek perbankan dilapangan dikenal
dengan istilah “take over”. Adapun rumusan masalah yang dibahas dalam penelitian
ini adalah bagaimana mekanisme peralihan kredit (take over) pada bank swasta
nasional dalam pemberian fasilitas modal kerja bagi pengusaha kecil maupun
menengah, bagaimana bank swasta nasional melakukan analisis terhadap kegiatan
usaha pengusaha kecil dan menengah yang layak untuk di take over dan bagaimana
solusi terhadap penurunan kinerja usaha pengusaha kecil maupun menengah terkait
pinjaman kreditnya kepada bank.
Penelitian ini bersifat desktiptif analitis. Penelitian ini menggunakan
pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan menggabungkan dua metode pengumpulan data
yaitu studi kepustakaan/studi dokumen dan penelitian lapangan yang kemudian
dianalisa dengan metode analisa kualitatif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prosedur pemberian kredit modal kerja
melalui mekanisme take over yaitu; dimulai dari permohonan kredit bersamaan
dengan pengumpulan data-data dan dokumen, selanjutnya data-data dan dokumen
tersebut dilakukan pengecekan (dengan kunjungan usaha,trade checking, dan bank
checking) juga appraisal jaminan, kemudian dilakukan analisa kualitatif dan
kuantitatif oleh Account Officer dan jika hasil analisa dinilai layak oleh Account
Officer tersebut maka dibuat Memo Rekomendasi Kredit / proposal yang diajukan
kepada Credit Risk Review dan Komite Kredit. Jika disetujui Komite Kredit maka
dibuatlah Offering Letter dan Surat Pemberitahuan Ambil Alih kepada Bank Take
Over. Dimana Surat Pemberitahuan Ambil Alih / Take Over Kredit yang diberikan
kepada Bank Take Over isinya bahwa akan dilakukan take over kredit dan memohon
kerjasamanya untuk dapat memastikan jumlah outstanding pinjaman,rincian jaminan
atas fasilitas yang akan diambil alih, status jaminan, serta apakah asli jaminan dan
surat roya dapat diserahkan pada hari yang sama dengan pelunasan. Tahap
selanjutnya dilakukan perjanjian kredit dan pengikatan jaminan, setelah selesai
pengikatan dilakukan pencairan kredit dan pelunasan ke Bank Take Over selanjutnya
i
pihak Account Officer bersama dengan debitur ke Bank Take Over untuk dilakukan
pengambilan dokumen jaminan asli di Bank Take Over dan wajib mengambil slip
atau bukti tanda pelunasan, Surat Roya dan bukti kepemilikan jaminan yang asli.
Objek jaminan di roya terlebih dahulu kemudian baru dibebani Hak Tanggungan.
Dalam pemberian kredit analisa kualitatif dan kuantitatif wajib dilakukan karena
prinsip yang terpenting dalam pemberian kredit modal kerja adalah cashflow dari
usaha debitur yang merupakan sumber utama pembayaran kembali pinjaman.
Komunikasi antara bank dengan debitur dan monitoring kredit harus terus dilakukan
setelah kredit modal kerja disalurkan. Hal ini penting agar bank dapat menggali
informasi terkini dari debitur terutama informasi mengenai usahanya sehingga jika
usaha debitur mengalami tanda- tanda penurunan dapat segera diatasi oleh debitur
dengan bantuan dan kerjasama dari bank. Dengan masih adanya kepercayaan dan
dukungan bank terhadap debitur biasanya dapat menenangkan para supplier atau
kreditur lain dalam bermitra usaha sehingga usaha debitur dapat terus berjalan dan
debitur dapat memenuhi kewajibannya kepada bank.
Bank hendaknya tetap memegang teguh profesionalisme dan service quality
karena kedua hal tersebutlah debitur dapat menetap pada suatu bank dan tidak dapat
di take over kreditnya oleh bank lain.Dalam memberikan kredit, bank harus teliti dan
tegas dalam melakukan analisa kredit karena kredit yang diberikan oleh bank
mempunyai resiko.Setelah kredit disalurkan, bank harus melakukan pemantauan
terhadap debitur dalam penggunaan fasilitas kredit dan kepatuhan memenuhi
kewajibannya.
Kata Kunci : Kredit Modal Kerja, Peralihan Kredit, Take Over
ii
ABSTRACT
Working capital is the credit for individual and business entity as te addtional
capital for developing the running business. The government encourages, supports,
and helps UKM ( Small and Medium Enterprise ) sector in order that it can support
the Indonesian economic system. It indicates that the government wants the
Indonesian economy to develop, especially through UKM sector. One of the efforts
made by the government is guaranteeing UKM development is the access to the
guarantee in providing financing wich includes banking credit. Bank as credit
provider competes openly in offering its credit; one of its stategies is attracting its
debtors who comes from other banks wich have track record in good credits so that
the banks has qualified debtors and can minimize nonperfoming loan. This strategy is
“take over” credit. The formal of the problem was about “take over”credit in the
national private bank in giving working capital credit to small and medium
enterprise, how national private bank does the analysis on the activity of small and
medium enterprise wich is appropriate to take over, and how about the solution the
deacrease in perfomance of small and medium enterprise,related its credit from bank.
This is the analytical descriptive research using normative juridical approach
by combining two methods of data collections, which are the study of literature/
documentary study and field study , then it is analysed by the qualitative analysis
method.
The result of the reseach showed that the procedure of giving working capital
credit through “take over”machanism began form a request for credit, along with
data collecting and documentation. The gathered data wee checked (by business
visits, trade checking, and bank checking), and secutity appraisal was performed.
They were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by an Account Officer or a Credit
Officer. Credit Recommendation Memo/proposal, filed to Credit Risk Review, was
made when the proposal was considered feaseable. When it was approved by the
Credit Commitee, an Offering letter and a Letter of Notification of Transfer was fiked
to the Take Over Bank wich stated that take over credit will be carried out and
requested their colaboration to make sure the amount of credit oustanding, guarantee
detail on the facilities which would be transferred, guarantee status, and whether the
guarantee and letter of cancellation could be submitted in at the same day with the
paying off. The next step was that credit contact and security binding were done.
After the binding was over, credit disbursement and the paying off to the Take Over
Bank were done. Then the Account Officer and the debtor went to the Take Over
Bank and transfer of original warranty in the Take Over Bank and credit voucher and
quittance, the Letter of Cancellation, and original warranty ownership document
were carried out. The collateral object was cancelled first before it was burdened wit
Mortgage Right. In giving credit, qualitative and quantitative analysis should be done
because the important principle in giving working capital credit is cash flow from the
debtors as the main source in repaying the credit. Communication and credit
iii
monitoring between bank and debtor must keep going, even after the working capital
credit is given. This is very important, so that the bank can get the newest information
about the debtor, mainly the information about his business. So if the debtor’s
business seems to deacrease, it can be handled sooner by the debtor with the help
and coorporation from the bank. By still having the trust and support from the bank
to the debtor, usually it can calm down the supplier or other crediturs on their
business partnership, so that the debtor’s business can keep going and the debtor
can fulfill his responsibility to the bank.
It is recommended that bank should be firm professionalism and service
quality since debtors will be loyal to a certain bank and their credit can’t be “taken
over” by other banks. In giving credits, a bank should use prudential principle or due
diligence in going credit analysis since the credit has its risk. After the credit has
been given, the bank should monitor the debtors in using credit facility and
compliance in fulfilling their obligation.
Keywords : Working Capital Credit, Credit Transfer, Take Over
iv