Fermentasi Gliserol Hasil Samping Pabrik Biodiesel Menjadi 1,3-Propanadiol dengan Menggunakan Bakteri Enterobacter Aerogenes

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan senyawa 1,3-propanadiol melalui
fermentasi gliserol hasil samping produksi biodiesel oleh bakteri Enterobacter
aerogenes. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Bioproses Pusat Penelitian
Kelapa Sawit, Medan. Penelitian ini diawali dengan melakukan pemurnian crude
gliserol untuk menghasilkan gliserol murni serta melakukan analisa terhadap
gliserol hasil pemurnian yang akan digunakan. Kemudian dilakukan proses
pengembangbiakan bakteri yang akan digunakan pada proses fermentasi.
Fermentasi dilakukan dengan volume gliserol tetap 50 ml dengan variabel uji
yaitu waktu fermentasi (1, 2, dan 3 hari) , volume inokulum (5, 7, dan 10 % dari
volume gliserol yang difermentasi), serta suhu fermentasi (25 dan◦C).
37 Hasil
fermentasi kemudian dianalisa dengan menggunakan Kromatografi Gas. Dari
hasil analisa gliserol didapatkan warna gliserol bening dengan densitas 1,2777
gr/ml, FFA 7,83 %, kadar air 1,298 %, kadar abu 6 % dan kadar gliserol sebesar
83,2572 %. Analisa Kromatografi Gas menunjukkan kemurnian 1,3-propanadiol
yang terbentuk dari hasil fermentasi, lalu dari data tersebut dihitung konsentrasi
yang terbentuk. Hasil fermentasi terbaik didapatkan pada waktu fermentasi 1 hari
dengan konsentrasi 1,3-Propanadiol yang tinggi sebesar 6,196 mol/ml, rasio
inokulum : substrat 0,07 dengan konsentrasi 1,3-Propanadiol yang tinggi sebesar
4,251 mol/ml, dan suhu 25◦C dengan konsentrasi 1,3 -Propanadiol yang tinggi

sebesar 6,433 mol/ml.
Kata Kunci : Gliserol, enterobacter aerogenes, 1,3-Propanadiol, kromatografi gas

vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to produce 1,3-Propanediol from fermentation of
glycerol as a byproduct of biodiesel production using Enterobacter aerogenes.
This study was done at the Laboratory of Bioprocess Research Center of Oil
Palm, Medan. This study was began with a purification of crude glycerol to
produce pure glycerol and the results of purification were analyzed. And the
process was continued with culture of bacteria for fermentation. Fermentation of
glycerol was done with volume of glycerol was setted 50 ml where variables such
fermentation time (1, 2, and 3 days), volume of inoculum (5, 7, and 10 % from the
volume of glycerol was fermented) and temperature of fermentation (25 and
37◦C) were studied. The results of fermentation were analyzed using Gas
Chromatography (GC). The results of glycerol was obtained that the color of
glycerol was clear, the density of glycerol was 1,2777 g / ml, FFA was 7,83 %,
moisture content was 1,298 %, ash content was 6 % and level of glycerol was

83,2572 %. Analysis of GC showed the purity of 1,3-Propanediol from
fermentation of glycerol, and then the concentration of 1,3-Propanediol was
calculated from that data. The best results of fermentation was obtained in
fermentation 1 day with concentration of 1,3-Propanediol was 6,196 mol/ml, ratio
inoculum : substrate 0,07 with concentration of 1,3-Propanediol was 4,251
mol/ml, and temperature 25 ◦C with concentration of 1,3-Propanediol was 6,433
mol/ml.
Keywords

:

glycerol, enterobacter
chromatography

aerogenes,

1,3-Propanediol,

gas

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Universitas Sumatera Utara