Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Isolasi Senyawa Alkaloida Ekstrak Etanol Sponge Xestospongia sp de Laubenfels
KARAKTERISASI SIMPLISIA DAN ISOLASI SENYAWA
ALKALOIDA EKSTRAK ETANOL SPONGE
Xestospongia sp de Laubenfels
ABSTRAK
Sponge merupakan salah satu biota laut penyusun terumbu karang yang
belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Sponge terdapat di perairan pantai Labuhan Angin
Sibolga provinsi Sumatera Utara. Kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder utama
sponge adalah golongan alkaloida, steroida dan terpenoida dengan berbagai
aktivitas biologi sehingga berpotensi besar untuk dikembangkan dalam bidang
pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik simplisia dan
mengisolasi senyawa alkaloida dari ekstrak etanol sponge Xestospongia sp de
Laubenfels.
Ekstraksi dilakukan secara perkolasi menggunakan cairan penyari etanol.
Senyawa alkaloida diisolasi dari ekstrak etanol dengan metode pengocokan asam
basa dan dilanjutkan secara kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif menggunakan fase
gerak diklorometana-metanol (60:40). Kemurnian isolat diuji secara kromatografi
lapis tipis dua arah dan isolat yang diperoleh diidentifikasi secara spektrofotometri
ultraviolet dan sperktrofotometri inframerah.
Hasil karakterisasi simplisia sponge Xestospongia sp de Laubenfels
meliputi kadar air 6,98%, kadar sari yang larut dalam air 49,78%, kadar sari yang
larut dalam etanol 41,62%, kadar abu total 31,34% dan kadar abu yang tidak larut
asam 6,90%. Hasil pengocokan asam basa diperoleh ekstrak kasar alkaloida yang
memberikan hasil positif dengan pereaksi Mayer, Bouchardat dan Dragendorff.
Hasil analisis isolat secara kromatografi lapis tipis diperoleh senyawa golongan
alkaloida yang memberikan noda berwarna jingga dengan penampak bercak
Dragendorff. Hasil uji kemurnian isolat secara kromatografi lapis tipis dua arah
memberikan noda tunggal yang dapat dianggap murni. Hasil identifikasi isolat
secara spektrofotometri ultraviolet diperoleh absorbansi maksimum pada panjang
gelombang 206 nm yang menunjukkan adanya gugus kromofor dan secara
spektrofotometri inframerah menunjukkan adanya gugus O–H, C–H alifatis, C=C,
–CH2, –CH3, C–N dan C–O.
Kata kunci :
Sponge Xestospongia sp, Ekstrak etanol, Karakterisasi, Isolasi,
Alkaloida.
vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
SIMPLEX CHARACTERIZATION AND ISOLATION ALKALOID
COMPOUND FROM ETHANOL EXTRACT SPONGE
Xestospongia sp de Laubenfels
ABSTRACT
Sponge is one of the marine life that has not been widely used. Sponge
found in coastal waters Labuhan Angin Sibolga of North Sumatera province. The
main secondary metabolites content of sponge are group of alkaloids, steroids and
terpenoids with variety of biological activity thus has great potential to developed
in the field of medicine. The purpose of this research was to know characteristic
of simplex and isolated alkaloid compound of ethanol extract from sponge
Xestospongia sp de Laubenfels.
Extraction was accomplished by percolation method with ethanol as
solvent. Alkaloid compound was isolated from ethanol extract by acid-base shake
up and continued by preparative thin layer chromatography with mobile phase
dichloromethane-methanol (60:40). The purity of isolate was confirmed by twodimensional thin layer chromatography and the pure isolate was identified by
ultraviolet and infrared spectrophotometric methods.
The result of simplex characterization from sponge Xestospongia sp de
Laubenfels, the water content 6.98%, water-soluble extract 49.78%, ethanolsoluble extract 41.62%, total ash 31.34% and acid-insoluble ash 6.90%. The result
of acid-base shake up was obtained crude extract alkaloid that gave positive
results with Mayer, Bouchardat and Dragendorff reagents. Analysis of isolate with
thin layer chromatography was indicated that the isolate was alkaloid compound
which gave orange spot with Dragendorff reagent. The purity of isolate was
assessed with two-dimensional thin layer chromatography that gave one spot
which can considered pure. Identification of isolate with ultraviolet
spectrophotometric was obtained maximum absorption at wavelength 206 nm that
indicated the presence of chromophore and with infrared spectrophotometric were
indicated the presence of O–H, aliphatic C–H, C=C, –CH2, –CH3 , C–N and C–O
functional groups.
Keywords : Sponge Xestospongia sp, Ethanol extract, Characterization, Isolation,
Alkaloid.
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ALKALOIDA EKSTRAK ETANOL SPONGE
Xestospongia sp de Laubenfels
ABSTRAK
Sponge merupakan salah satu biota laut penyusun terumbu karang yang
belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Sponge terdapat di perairan pantai Labuhan Angin
Sibolga provinsi Sumatera Utara. Kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder utama
sponge adalah golongan alkaloida, steroida dan terpenoida dengan berbagai
aktivitas biologi sehingga berpotensi besar untuk dikembangkan dalam bidang
pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik simplisia dan
mengisolasi senyawa alkaloida dari ekstrak etanol sponge Xestospongia sp de
Laubenfels.
Ekstraksi dilakukan secara perkolasi menggunakan cairan penyari etanol.
Senyawa alkaloida diisolasi dari ekstrak etanol dengan metode pengocokan asam
basa dan dilanjutkan secara kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif menggunakan fase
gerak diklorometana-metanol (60:40). Kemurnian isolat diuji secara kromatografi
lapis tipis dua arah dan isolat yang diperoleh diidentifikasi secara spektrofotometri
ultraviolet dan sperktrofotometri inframerah.
Hasil karakterisasi simplisia sponge Xestospongia sp de Laubenfels
meliputi kadar air 6,98%, kadar sari yang larut dalam air 49,78%, kadar sari yang
larut dalam etanol 41,62%, kadar abu total 31,34% dan kadar abu yang tidak larut
asam 6,90%. Hasil pengocokan asam basa diperoleh ekstrak kasar alkaloida yang
memberikan hasil positif dengan pereaksi Mayer, Bouchardat dan Dragendorff.
Hasil analisis isolat secara kromatografi lapis tipis diperoleh senyawa golongan
alkaloida yang memberikan noda berwarna jingga dengan penampak bercak
Dragendorff. Hasil uji kemurnian isolat secara kromatografi lapis tipis dua arah
memberikan noda tunggal yang dapat dianggap murni. Hasil identifikasi isolat
secara spektrofotometri ultraviolet diperoleh absorbansi maksimum pada panjang
gelombang 206 nm yang menunjukkan adanya gugus kromofor dan secara
spektrofotometri inframerah menunjukkan adanya gugus O–H, C–H alifatis, C=C,
–CH2, –CH3, C–N dan C–O.
Kata kunci :
Sponge Xestospongia sp, Ekstrak etanol, Karakterisasi, Isolasi,
Alkaloida.
vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
SIMPLEX CHARACTERIZATION AND ISOLATION ALKALOID
COMPOUND FROM ETHANOL EXTRACT SPONGE
Xestospongia sp de Laubenfels
ABSTRACT
Sponge is one of the marine life that has not been widely used. Sponge
found in coastal waters Labuhan Angin Sibolga of North Sumatera province. The
main secondary metabolites content of sponge are group of alkaloids, steroids and
terpenoids with variety of biological activity thus has great potential to developed
in the field of medicine. The purpose of this research was to know characteristic
of simplex and isolated alkaloid compound of ethanol extract from sponge
Xestospongia sp de Laubenfels.
Extraction was accomplished by percolation method with ethanol as
solvent. Alkaloid compound was isolated from ethanol extract by acid-base shake
up and continued by preparative thin layer chromatography with mobile phase
dichloromethane-methanol (60:40). The purity of isolate was confirmed by twodimensional thin layer chromatography and the pure isolate was identified by
ultraviolet and infrared spectrophotometric methods.
The result of simplex characterization from sponge Xestospongia sp de
Laubenfels, the water content 6.98%, water-soluble extract 49.78%, ethanolsoluble extract 41.62%, total ash 31.34% and acid-insoluble ash 6.90%. The result
of acid-base shake up was obtained crude extract alkaloid that gave positive
results with Mayer, Bouchardat and Dragendorff reagents. Analysis of isolate with
thin layer chromatography was indicated that the isolate was alkaloid compound
which gave orange spot with Dragendorff reagent. The purity of isolate was
assessed with two-dimensional thin layer chromatography that gave one spot
which can considered pure. Identification of isolate with ultraviolet
spectrophotometric was obtained maximum absorption at wavelength 206 nm that
indicated the presence of chromophore and with infrared spectrophotometric were
indicated the presence of O–H, aliphatic C–H, C=C, –CH2, –CH3 , C–N and C–O
functional groups.
Keywords : Sponge Xestospongia sp, Ethanol extract, Characterization, Isolation,
Alkaloid.
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara