SPEECH FUNCTION IN ‘YEAH MAHASISWA’ TWEETS.

SPEECH FUNCTION IN ‘YEAH MAHASISWA’ TWEETS

A THESIS

Submitted to the English Department of UNIMED Medan in Partial as Fulfillment of the Requirement for

The Degree of Sarjana Sastra

By:

Rondang Donna Berhnitha Manalu

Reg No: 2101220011

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2014

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, the writer would like to say thank to Jehovah for the blessing, guarding, guidance, and everything that have been given along her life until the writer accomplish this thesis.

This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the S1 degree of Sarjana Sastra at English Department in Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.

In completing this thesis, the writer has received a lot of assistance and academic support from some people. Therefore, the writer would like to express her sincere gratitude, love and special thanks to

 Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., as the Rector of State University of

Medan,

 Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts,

 Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., as the Head of English Department, Rika S.Pd, M.Hum., as Secretary of English Department, Dra. Meisuri, M.A., as

the Head of English Literature Department, and Dra. Masitowarni, M.Ed., as the Head of English Education Department,

 Drs. Elia Masa Gintings, M.Hum., as her Thesis Advisor,

 Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D., as her Academic Advisor,

 all the Lecturers throughout her academic years at State University of Medan that could not be mentioned one by one,

 her beloved parents; her father, Dohara Manalu and her mother, Yohana

Sitompul for the pray, love, moral and financial support. And thanks for the

love and support from her dearest sister and brother, Anggi Rosaulina

Manalu and Robinsar Fiezhardo Manalu,

 her uncle S. Silaban, her aunt N. Manalu and her beloved cousins Sonia

Maysarah Silaban and Bertha Manalu thanks for the place, pray, love and

support,

 all her beloved classmates of Applied Linguistics Regular 2010 especially

Hisarmauli Desi, Rizky Meiyani, Zahrina Putri, Sri Devi Arista, Bintang Nopita, Nurhafizha, Mariati Sembiring, Irwan Saputra, Ali Muis, Adi Putra Wijaya and others that cannot be mentioned all. Thank you for the

support, information, encouragement, and beautiful day spent together and  her another best friendsReni Anggraini, Lily Sitorus, Jeni Eria, Umul

Khairunisa, Liska Septiana, Tri Asrimta, Rizky Amelia, Melinda Lena Sianipar and Julius Efrata Tarigan. Thank you for thelove, support,

Finally, the writer admits that this thesis still far from perfect. Therefore, the writer would like to invite the readers to give suggestion for the improvement of this thesis later on.

Medan, August 2014 The writer,

ABSTRACT

Rondang Donna Berhnitha Manalu. 2014. Speech Function in ‘Yeah

Mahasiswa’ Tweets. A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan.

This study deals with speech function in ‘Yeah Mahasiswa’ tweets. The research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected from the twitter account of Yeah Mahasiswa which chosen purposively. The findings of the research show that there are 105 clauses which consists of 4 speech functions, Statement (84), Question (11), Command (6), and Offer (4). The most dominant type of speech function used by Yeah Mahasiswa is statement because it tend to give information in its interaction through its tweets. The occurrence of the dominant speech function due to the context of situation, covering field, tenor and mode.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... iv

LIST OF TABLES ... vi

LIST OF FIGURES ... vii

LIST OF APPENDICES ... viii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A. The Background of the Study ... 1

B. The Problem of the Study ... 4

C. The Objective of the Study ... 4

D. The Scope of the Study ... 5

E. The Significance of the Study ... 5

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE A. Systemic Functional Linguistics ... 6

B. Metafunctions ... 6

C. Interpersonal Meaning ... 9

D. Speech Function ... 10

1. Statement ... 12

2. Question ... 12

3. Offer ... 13

4. Command ... 13

E. Mood ... 15

F. Twitter ... 18

G. Yeah Mahasiswa ... 22

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Research Design… ... 26

B. The Source of Data ... 26

C. The Technique of Collecting Data ... 27

D. The Technique of Analyzing Data ... 27

CHAPTER IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS A. The Data… ... 28

B. The Data Analysis ... 28

C. Research Findings ... 35

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions… ... 40

B. Suggestions ... 41

REFERENCES ... 42

APPENDICES ... 44

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Speech Role & Commodities in Interaction ... 11

Table 2.2 Speech Function & Mood Realization ... 14

Table 2.3 Speech Function & Responses ... 15

Table 4.1 The Sample ... 28

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Speech Function ... 11 Figure 2 Mood ... 17

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Speech Function … ... 44 Appendix 2 List of Tweets … ... 49

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. The Background of the Study

Language is the basic need of human being to carry out their activities in every aspects of life. It is use to communicate to each other. Language is primarily spoken, although it can be transferred to another way, such as written. In other words, language is a communication system; therefore it as a means of

communication play important roles in human‟s life.

Communication means when people use language, they need not only to interact with others but also to get other persons to understand their thought and feeling. In general, communication can be divided into two forms; spoken and written communication. Spoken communication means the process of expressing ideas and feelings or giving information, which is done orally. Whereas, written communication is done in written form, such as; magazine, newspaper, brochure, letter, internet, etc.

In doing spoken or written communication, human, as socialized individuals, spend much of their live interacting to other people to make communication. Interacting is a process of making meaning. It is known as performing interpersonal meaning which studies the clause that concerns the

speaker‟s role in the speech function. Speech function is a way someone delivers ideas in communication to make the listener understand the ideas well. Speech function itself divided into four types, statement, question, offer, and command. These four kinds of interaction give important roles in communication either

spoken or written. Speaker may be giving something to listener or demanding something of him. Giving means inviting to receive and demanding means inviting to give. Realizing or not, people may be giving or demanding something in their interaction. Something here means commodity being exchanged; either information or goods and services.

Several studies on speech function have been done previously. Wanda

(2010) looks at “Speech Function in Facebook Users‟ Status”. He analyzed every

clauses in Facebook users‟ status to find the most dominant type of speech function which is statement. It means that Facebook users is mostly giving information through their status.

Sulistyowati (2011) analyzed the speech function in the conversations between the fourth semester English Department students of Muria Kudus University and some foreigners, the writer found that the opening speech functions are produced mostly by the students; it indicates that the students play as initiators. The foreigners show their respect and appreciation to the students as the respond to the student initiations b producing more responding and continuing moves. The number of turns and moves produced by the students and foreigners are quite similar; it indicates that both of the participants get the same chance to take their roles. The foreigners a s tourist show they interest to some tourism objects by describing to the students some objects they have visited and by comparing to their own country. Learning language cannot be separated from its culture, therefore speech functions and cultural understanding should be taught in the classroom as part of language discourse.

Tri (2011) analyzed speech function used in reality show “Uya Emang

Kuya” on SCTV, the writer found that the dominant speech function used in reality show “Uya Emang Kuya” on SCTV is question. It means hypnosis

utterances in that reality show tent to use question because the hypnotist asked some question to the person to get some information and questions deals with demanding information.

In this research, the writer would like to analysis speech function in ‘Yeah Mahasiswa’ tweets. It is the most popular twitter account through the Indonesian students. @yeahmahasiswa is the most funny and famous twitter account that mostly tweets about the other side of University-student‟s life while getting in trouble because of assignment from lecture, out of meal, and the loneliness caused by having no boy/girlfriend.

The writer choose twitter to be observed because twitter is a relatively recent phenomenon. According to its website, it is “a real time information network powered by people all around the world that lets you share and discover

what‟s happening now”. It is also an Internet based – messaging services

(although users are able to text their messages, or „tweets‟, to their profiles), with each messages displayed publicly rather than privately. Users then choose which other member of the Twitter community they wish to follow, and the website displays the messages posted by those people in an automatically updated chronological timeline. People do make the interaction in using this kind of medium to communicate. They also can give and demand information or goods and services in their interaction. It cannot be limited by time and space. In Twitter,

the speech functions; statement, question, offer and command are commonly used by the users to interact.

In order to have an understandable research, the writer use an underlying theory that explains the types of speech function based on what is proposed by Halliday (1994).

B. The Problems of the Study

The problems of study are formulated as the following.

1. What types of speech function are used in ‘Yeah Mahasiswa’ tweets? 2. What type of speech function is dominantly used in ‘Yeah Mahasiswa’

tweets?

3. In what context does the dominant type of speech function occur?

C. The Objectives of the Study

In line with the problem, the objectives of the study are

1. to derive the types of speech functions used in ‘Yeah Mahasiswa’ tweets, 2. to determine the most dominant type of speech functions used in ‘Yeah

Mahasiswa’ tweets, and

3. to reason for the dominant type of speech functions (findings) used in ‘Yeah Mahasiswa’ tweets.

D. The Scope of the Study

The subject matter of the study is focused on the types of speech function in @yeahmahasiswa‟s tweets. There are four primary speech functions; statement, question, command and offer which are realized in mood; declarative; interrogative and imperative. This study will analyze the speech functions that are found in @yeahmahasiswa‟s tweets.

E. The Significance of the Study

Finding of the study are expected to be useful for

1. students of the English Department particularly to improve their knowledge and develop their understanding of how speech function works in texts or online texts,

2. to help people to understand the theory of speech function easier, so that readers can have deeper understanding about speech function, and

3. other researchers who want to make further research of speech function on more types, especially in texts or online texts.

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

After analyzing the using of speech function in ‘Yeah Mahasiswa’ tweets, the conclusions can be drawn as follows:

1. There are four types of speech used in ‘Yeah Mahasiswa’ tweets with the occurrences of statement is 84 (80%), question is 11 (10.5%), command is 6 (5.7%), and offer is 4 (3.8%).

2. The dominant type of speech function used in ‘Yeah Mahasiswa’ tweets is statement 84 (80%), because @yeahmahasiswa tend to give information in its interaction through its tweets. When @yeahmahasiswa used giving, it actually invited viewers to receive something from them through its tweets, such as information of whereabouts, action, situation, condition, or anything else. And when it used demanding, it actually invited the viewers to give something the viewers have, such as information, response or reaction.

3. Statement as the dominant type occurs because of the context. The context are field, tenor and mode. For field are (-) institutionalized and (-) specialized, tenor are (-) formal situation, (+) interpersonal and (+) frequent, and the last mode are (-) planning.

B. Suggestion

Referring to the result of this research, the following suggestions are forwarding.

1. It is suggested to the students of English Department to learn more about speech function in order they can develop their understanding on how speech function works in texts or online texts.

2. For other researches, this thesis can be used as reference when they decide to discuss the same topic for their thesis.

REFERENCES

Arikunto, S. 2006. Prosedur Penelitian. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Astuti, Tri. 2011. Speech Function Used in Reality Show “Uya Emang Kuya” on SCTV. FBS. Unimed

Bell, Roger T. 1976. Sociolinguistics: Goals, Approaches and Problems. London: B. T. Batsford.

Bloor, M and Bloor, T. 1995. The Functional Analysis of English: A Hallidayan Approach. London: Edward Arnold.

Clark, E. V and Clark, H. H. 1997. Psychology and Language: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovic.

Gee J. P. 1999. An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method. London: Rouledge.

Gerot, L and Wignell, P. 1994. Making Sense of Functional Grammar. Sidney: Southwood Press.

Halliday, M. A. K. 1994. Functional Grammar, 2nd ed. London: Edward Arnold. _____ , M. A. K. 2002. Linguistics Studies of Text and Discourse. Peking: Peking

University Press.

Martin, J. R., Matthiessen, C. M. I. M., and Painter, C. 1997. Working With Functional Grammar. London: Arnold.

Morley, D. 2000. Syntax In Functional Grammar. London: Biddles.

Saragih, Amrin. 2013. Discourse Analysis. Medan, State University of Medan (Unpublished).

Sembiring, Wanda. 2010. Speech Function in Facebook User’s Status. FBS. Unimed.

Sulistyowati, Titis. 2011. The Speech Function in the Conversations between the Fourth Semester English Department Students of Muria Kudus University and Some Foreigners. Journal of Speech Function. Vol. 1. p 1.

http://community.spiceworks.com/how_to/show/700-understanding-the-language-of-twitter/ (retrieved on May, 2014)

http://eju-online.com/trapped-stuck-follow/ (retrieved on January, 2014) http://webtrends.about.com/od/glossary (retrieved on January, 2014)

the speech functions; statement, question, offer and command are commonly used by the users to interact.

In order to have an understandable research, the writer use an underlying theory that explains the types of speech function based on what is proposed by Halliday (1994).

B. The Problems of the Study

The problems of study are formulated as the following.

1. What types of speech function are used in ‘Yeah Mahasiswa’ tweets? 2. What type of speech function is dominantly used in ‘Yeah Mahasiswa’

tweets?

3. In what context does the dominant type of speech function occur?

C. The Objectives of the Study

In line with the problem, the objectives of the study are

1. to derive the types of speech functions used in ‘Yeah Mahasiswa’ tweets, 2. to determine the most dominant type of speech functions used in ‘Yeah

Mahasiswa’ tweets, and

3. to reason for the dominant type of speech functions (findings) used in ‘Yeah Mahasiswa’ tweets.

D. The Scope of the Study

The subject matter of the study is focused on the types of speech function in @yeahmahasiswa‟s tweets. There are four primary speech functions; statement, question, command and offer which are realized in mood; declarative; interrogative and imperative. This study will analyze the speech functions that are found in @yeahmahasiswa‟s tweets.

E. The Significance of the Study

Finding of the study are expected to be useful for

1. students of the English Department particularly to improve their knowledge and develop their understanding of how speech function works in texts or online texts,

2. to help people to understand the theory of speech function easier, so that readers can have deeper understanding about speech function, and

3. other researchers who want to make further research of speech function on more types, especially in texts or online texts.

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

After analyzing the using of speech function in ‘Yeah Mahasiswa’ tweets, the conclusions can be drawn as follows:

1. There are four types of speech used in ‘Yeah Mahasiswa’ tweets with the occurrences of statement is 84 (80%), question is 11 (10.5%), command is 6 (5.7%), and offer is 4 (3.8%).

2. The dominant type of speech function used in ‘Yeah Mahasiswa’ tweets is statement 84 (80%), because @yeahmahasiswa tend to give information in its interaction through its tweets. When @yeahmahasiswa used giving, it actually invited viewers to receive something from them through its tweets, such as information of whereabouts, action, situation, condition, or anything else. And when it used demanding, it actually invited the viewers to give something the viewers have, such as information, response or reaction.

3. Statement as the dominant type occurs because of the context. The context are field, tenor and mode. For field are (-) institutionalized and (-) specialized, tenor are (-) formal situation, (+) interpersonal and (+) frequent, and the last mode are (-) planning.

B. Suggestion

Referring to the result of this research, the following suggestions are forwarding.

1. It is suggested to the students of English Department to learn more about speech function in order they can develop their understanding on how speech function works in texts or online texts.

2. For other researches, this thesis can be used as reference when they decide to discuss the same topic for their thesis.

REFERENCES

Arikunto, S. 2006. Prosedur Penelitian. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Astuti, Tri. 2011. Speech Function Used in Reality Show “Uya Emang Kuya” on

SCTV. FBS. Unimed

Bell, Roger T. 1976. Sociolinguistics: Goals, Approaches and Problems. London: B. T. Batsford.

Bloor, M and Bloor, T. 1995. The Functional Analysis of English: A Hallidayan

Approach. London: Edward Arnold.

Clark, E. V and Clark, H. H. 1997. Psychology and Language: An Introduction to

Psycholinguistics. London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovic.

Gee J. P. 1999. An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method. London: Rouledge.

Gerot, L and Wignell, P. 1994. Making Sense of Functional Grammar. Sidney: Southwood Press.

Halliday, M. A. K. 1994. Functional Grammar, 2nd ed. London: Edward Arnold.

_____ , M. A. K. 2002. Linguistics Studies of Text and Discourse. Peking: Peking University Press.

Martin, J. R., Matthiessen, C. M. I. M., and Painter, C. 1997. Working With

Functional Grammar. London: Arnold.

Morley, D. 2000. Syntax In Functional Grammar. London: Biddles.

Saragih, Amrin. 2013. Discourse Analysis. Medan, State University of Medan (Unpublished).

Sembiring, Wanda. 2010. Speech Function in Facebook User’s Status. FBS. Unimed.

Sulistyowati, Titis. 2011. The Speech Function in the Conversations between the Fourth Semester English Department Students of Muria Kudus University and Some Foreigners. Journal of Speech Function. Vol. 1. p 1.

http://community.spiceworks.com/how_to/show/700-understanding-the-language-of-twitter/ (retrieved on May, 2014)

http://eju-online.com/trapped-stuck-follow/ (retrieved on January, 2014) http://webtrends.about.com/od/glossary (retrieved on January, 2014)