A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF HYPERBOLIC EXPRESSIONS IN THE NOVEL SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE BY KEITH R.A. DECANDIDO.
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A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF HYPERBOLIC EXPRESSIONS
IN THE NOVEL SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE
BY KEITH R.A. DECANDIDO
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Sarjana Degree
at English Department of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
University of Sebelas Maret
By:
ARYA WARDHANA
C0306014
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS
UNIVERSITY OF SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2013
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PRONOUNCEMENT
Name : Arya Wardhana
NIM
: C0306014
Stated whole-heartedly that this thesis entitled: A Translation Analysis of
Hyperbolic Expression in the Novel SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE by Keith
R.A. DeCandido is originally made by the researcher. It is neither a plagiarism,
nor made by others. The things related to other people’s works are written in
quotation and included within bibliography.
If it is then proved that the researcher cheats, the researcher is ready to take the
responsibility.
Surakarta,
The researcher
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MOTTOS
True friends never die
(Myme)
Do what you love, love what you do
(Anonymous)
Sometimes you don’t have to think, you just do
(Arya Wardhana)
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This thesis is dedicated to:
My beloved Ibu and Bapak
My inspiring friends
MYME
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrohmannirrohim
First of all, Alhamdulillah, I want to thank to Allah SWT, for everything
which make me what I am today. Thanks for every single breath in my life till I
can finally finish this thesis.
I also want to give my gratitude to all people who support me in finishing
this thesis. They are really great people I have ever met. I hope we are all blessed
with love and peace. They are:
1. The Dean of the Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Drs. Riyadi Santosa,
MEd.,Ph.D, for approving this thesis.
2. The Head of the English Department, Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, MA., Ph.D
for his permission to conduct this thesis.
3. My thesis advisor, Ardianna Nuraeni, S.S., M. Hum, for her advices and
assistance. She gives an opportunity to me to work in detail and
carefulness. I’m sorry for all my mistakes. Thank you very much.
4. My academic consultant, Drs. Rara Sugiarti, M.Tourism., for her
assistance during my study.
5. All the lecturers who have taught and given me precious knowledge
during my study. Thank you very much.
6. My informant, Yuyun Kusdiyanto, M.A, for validating the data.
7. My raters, Sumardiono S.S, Anita R. S.S, and Bayu Budiharjo S.S, for the
valuable contributions in this thesis.
8. My beloved Ibu and Bapak for loving and caring me. Thanks for your hard
work for my study. Thanks for everything. I can never repay it.
9. My brothers, Fadli and Andika, finally I finish my study bro! My brother
Wisnu and his little son, Vino, who is a very smart kid. I love you all.
10. My friends in ED06, I will never forget you all. Hermanto, Bowo,
Wahyudi, Aji, Vendra, Bimo, Hafid, Letiz, Nurfa, Yuliana, and all the rest
of ED06, let’s get “it” done!
commit to user
vii
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11. My friends in Myme, Sarjianto and Hendra. Sarjianto “menyeng”, thanks
for your dozen of words, Hendra, you are really inspiring me, you never
die bro. My friends in Boyolali lovely city, Isdianto “gembus”,Topo
“topeng”, Indra “gendul”, Totok, Fajar , Iwan, Dodo, Doyok, keep contact
ya ! mas Febri, don’t forget us.
I am really grateful that this thesis is done. However I also realize that this
thesis is far from being perfect. Any supporting criticism and suggestions are
welcomed.
Arya Wardhana
commit to user
viii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANT…………………………….. ii
THE APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS…………..……. iii
PRONOUNCEMENT…………………………………………………….. iv
MOTTOS…………………………………………………………………. v
DEDICATION……………………………………………………………. vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT…………………………………………….……. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………. ix
LIST OF TABLES………..……………………………………………….. xii
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………. xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION…………………………………...…….. 1
A. Research Background…………………………………………. 1
B. Research Limitation…………………………………………… 6
C. Problem Statements…………………………………………… 6
D. Research Objectives…………………………………………… 7
E. Research Benefits……………………………………………… 7
F. Thesis Organization…………………………………………… 8
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………..…….. 9
A. Definition of Translation……………………………………… 9
B. Difficulties of Translation…………………………………….. 10
C. Translation Techniques…………………………….........……
13
D. Translation Quality Assessment (TQA)……………….....…..
17
E. Figurative Language……………………………………...…… 20
F. Hyperbole…………………………………..........……….…… 23
G. Type of Hyperbole……………………………………….…… 24
H. Indonesian Hyperbole………………………………….……... 25
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………….…….. 27
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A. Research Type and Design
…………………………………….
27
ix
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B. Source of Data…………………………….…………………… 28
C. Sampling Technique…………………………………………… 30
D. Method of Data Collection……………………………….…… 31
E. Technique of Data Analysis……………………………...…… 33
F. Research Procedures……………………………………..…… 35
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS………………………………..…….. 36
A. Introduction…………………………………………………… 36
B. Analysis…………………………………………………..…… 36
1. Types of Hyperbole………………………………………..
36
1.1. Noun…………………………………………………… 37
1.2. Adjective………………………………………………. 39
1.3. Adverb……………………………………………...….
40
1.4. Verb……………………………………………………
41
1.5. Numerical Expression…………………………………
43
1.6. Superlative Degree…………………………………..… 44
1.7. Idiom…………………………………………………... 45
1.8. Simile…………………………………………………... 46
1.9. Whole Sentence/ Clause……………………………….. 47
2. Technique of Translating Hyperbole…………………..….. 51
2.1. Hyperbole Translated into Hyperbole…………………. 51
2.1.1. Literal …………………..…………………………. 51
2.1.2. Adaptation………………………………………... 53
2.1.3. Established Equivalent………………………….... 54
2.1.4. Transposition……………………………………... 56
2.1.5. Modulation……………………………………….. 57
2.1.6. Amplification……………………………………..
59
2.1.7. Variation………………………………………….. 60
2.1.8. Compensation…………………………………….. 62
2.1.9. Reduction…………………………………………. 63
2.1.10. Linguistic Compression + Discursive Creation…
to user+ Reduction………......
2.1.11. Linguistic commit
Amplification
x
63
64
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2.1.12. Literal + Borrowing…………………………….... 65
2.1.13. Literal + Generalization………………………..... 66
2.1.14. Adaptation + Amplification + Borrowing……..... 67
2.2. Hyperbole Translated into Non Hyperbole…………....
67
2.2.1. Generalization………………………………….… 68
2.2.2. Adaptation………………………………………... 69
2.2.3. Transposition……………………………………... 71
2.2.4. Modulation……………………………………….. 71
2.2.5. Amplification……………………………………..
72
2.2.6. Compensation…………………………………….
73
2.2.7. Variation………………………………………….. 74
2.2.8. Reduction………………………………………....
75
2.2.9. Particularization…………………………………..
76
3. Translation Quality Assessment…………………………... 80
3.1. Accuracy………………………………………………. 80
3.1.1. Classification A (Accurate) ……………………… 81
3.1.2. Classification B (less Accurate) …………………. 86
3.1.3. Classification C (Inaccurate) …………………….. 89
3.2. Acceptability…………………………………………… 91
3.1.1. Classification A (Acceptable) ……………………. 92
3.1.2. Classification B (less Acceptable) ……………….
95
C. Discussion…………………………………………………….. 98
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION...........……….…..
109
A. Conclusion……………………………………………….…… 109
B. Suggestion……………………………………………….…….. 112
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………… 113
APPENDICES
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1: Table of Accuracy
Table 3.2: Table of Acceptability
Table 4.1: Visual data of hyperbolic expression based on the distribution of
hyperbolic items over lexical and grammatical categories
Table 4.2: Table of Translation Technique Data
Table 4.3: Table of Accuracy Scale
Table 4.4: Table of Acceptability Scale
Table 4.5: Discussion Accuracy and Acceptability
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ABSTRACT
Arya Wardhana C0306014. 2013. A Translation Analysis of Hyperbolic
Expressions in the Novel SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE By Keith R.A.
DeCandido. Undergraduate Thesis, Surakarta. English Department, Faculty
of Letters and Fine Arts. University of Sebelas Maret.
This research focuses on the analysis of hyperbolic expressions in the
novel SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE by Keith R.A. DeCandido and their
translation. The objectives of this research are to find out: (1) the types of
hyperbolic expressions in the novel SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE by Keith
R.A. DeCandido, (2) the translation techniques used in translating the hyperbolic
expressions, (3) the impact of those techniques to the accuracy and acceptability
of the translation.
This research applied a descriptive qualitative method. To collect the
data, purposive sampling technique was applied to analyze the data based on the
researcher’s criteria. In this research, 92 data were collected from the novel
SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE in English and Bahasa Indonesia. Three
methods of data collection were applied; content analysis, a close and open-ended
questionnaire and in-depth interview that was done with the three raters.
The result of the data analysis shows that there are 9 types of
hyperbolic expressions in the novel, i.e. noun (21 data), whole sentence/ clause
(19 data), numerical expression (17 data), adverb (12 data), adjective (7 data),
superlative degree (6 data), idiom (5 data), verb (4 data) and simile (1 datum).
Those types of hyperbolic expressions are translated into Bahasa Indonesia by
using 16 translation techniques: literal (28 data), generalization (14 data),
adaptation (13 data), transposition (7 data), established equivalent (6 data),
amplification (6 data), modulation (4 data), variation (3 data), compensation (2
data), reduction (2 data), particularization (1 datum), linguistic amplification +
reduction (2 data), linguistic compression + discursive creation (1 datum), literal +
borrowing (1 datum), literal + generalization (1 datum) and adaptation +
amplification + borrowing (1 datum). Dealing with accuracy, literal technique
contributes to the producing of accurate translation, while generalization
contributes to the producing of less accurate translation. Dealing with
acceptability, there is no significant impact of the use of certain technique to the
acceptability level. Dealing with expressive meaning, there are 30 data which are
translated less expressively, while 62 data are equally translated.
It is recommended that in the future research, there will be a research
discussing the type of hyperbolic expressions in different perspective such as the
semantic-based classification or the extremity of exaggeration-based
classification. Hopefully, this research will be a consideration for the future
translators to do a translation project related to hyperbolic expression. It is
important since two dominant translation techniques applied in this research
produce a contrast result; they are literal technique which tends to produce
accurate translation, and generalization technique which tends to produce less
commit to user
accurate translation.
xiii
digilib.uns.ac.id
A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF HYPERBOLIC EXPRESSIONS
IN THE NOVEL SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE
BY KEITH R.A. DECANDIDO
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Sarjana Degree
at English Department of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
University of Sebelas Maret
By:
ARYA WARDHANA
C0306014
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS
UNIVERSITY OF SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2013
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ii
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iii
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PRONOUNCEMENT
Name : Arya Wardhana
NIM
: C0306014
Stated whole-heartedly that this thesis entitled: A Translation Analysis of
Hyperbolic Expression in the Novel SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE by Keith
R.A. DeCandido is originally made by the researcher. It is neither a plagiarism,
nor made by others. The things related to other people’s works are written in
quotation and included within bibliography.
If it is then proved that the researcher cheats, the researcher is ready to take the
responsibility.
Surakarta,
The researcher
commit to user
iv
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
MOTTOS
True friends never die
(Myme)
Do what you love, love what you do
(Anonymous)
Sometimes you don’t have to think, you just do
(Arya Wardhana)
commit to user
v
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
This thesis is dedicated to:
My beloved Ibu and Bapak
My inspiring friends
MYME
commit to user
vi
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrohmannirrohim
First of all, Alhamdulillah, I want to thank to Allah SWT, for everything
which make me what I am today. Thanks for every single breath in my life till I
can finally finish this thesis.
I also want to give my gratitude to all people who support me in finishing
this thesis. They are really great people I have ever met. I hope we are all blessed
with love and peace. They are:
1. The Dean of the Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Drs. Riyadi Santosa,
MEd.,Ph.D, for approving this thesis.
2. The Head of the English Department, Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, MA., Ph.D
for his permission to conduct this thesis.
3. My thesis advisor, Ardianna Nuraeni, S.S., M. Hum, for her advices and
assistance. She gives an opportunity to me to work in detail and
carefulness. I’m sorry for all my mistakes. Thank you very much.
4. My academic consultant, Drs. Rara Sugiarti, M.Tourism., for her
assistance during my study.
5. All the lecturers who have taught and given me precious knowledge
during my study. Thank you very much.
6. My informant, Yuyun Kusdiyanto, M.A, for validating the data.
7. My raters, Sumardiono S.S, Anita R. S.S, and Bayu Budiharjo S.S, for the
valuable contributions in this thesis.
8. My beloved Ibu and Bapak for loving and caring me. Thanks for your hard
work for my study. Thanks for everything. I can never repay it.
9. My brothers, Fadli and Andika, finally I finish my study bro! My brother
Wisnu and his little son, Vino, who is a very smart kid. I love you all.
10. My friends in ED06, I will never forget you all. Hermanto, Bowo,
Wahyudi, Aji, Vendra, Bimo, Hafid, Letiz, Nurfa, Yuliana, and all the rest
of ED06, let’s get “it” done!
commit to user
vii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
11. My friends in Myme, Sarjianto and Hendra. Sarjianto “menyeng”, thanks
for your dozen of words, Hendra, you are really inspiring me, you never
die bro. My friends in Boyolali lovely city, Isdianto “gembus”,Topo
“topeng”, Indra “gendul”, Totok, Fajar , Iwan, Dodo, Doyok, keep contact
ya ! mas Febri, don’t forget us.
I am really grateful that this thesis is done. However I also realize that this
thesis is far from being perfect. Any supporting criticism and suggestions are
welcomed.
Arya Wardhana
commit to user
viii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANT…………………………….. ii
THE APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS…………..……. iii
PRONOUNCEMENT…………………………………………………….. iv
MOTTOS…………………………………………………………………. v
DEDICATION……………………………………………………………. vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT…………………………………………….……. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………. ix
LIST OF TABLES………..……………………………………………….. xii
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………. xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION…………………………………...…….. 1
A. Research Background…………………………………………. 1
B. Research Limitation…………………………………………… 6
C. Problem Statements…………………………………………… 6
D. Research Objectives…………………………………………… 7
E. Research Benefits……………………………………………… 7
F. Thesis Organization…………………………………………… 8
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………..…….. 9
A. Definition of Translation……………………………………… 9
B. Difficulties of Translation…………………………………….. 10
C. Translation Techniques…………………………….........……
13
D. Translation Quality Assessment (TQA)……………….....…..
17
E. Figurative Language……………………………………...…… 20
F. Hyperbole…………………………………..........……….…… 23
G. Type of Hyperbole……………………………………….…… 24
H. Indonesian Hyperbole………………………………….……... 25
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………….…….. 27
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to user
A. Research Type and Design
…………………………………….
27
ix
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B. Source of Data…………………………….…………………… 28
C. Sampling Technique…………………………………………… 30
D. Method of Data Collection……………………………….…… 31
E. Technique of Data Analysis……………………………...…… 33
F. Research Procedures……………………………………..…… 35
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS………………………………..…….. 36
A. Introduction…………………………………………………… 36
B. Analysis…………………………………………………..…… 36
1. Types of Hyperbole………………………………………..
36
1.1. Noun…………………………………………………… 37
1.2. Adjective………………………………………………. 39
1.3. Adverb……………………………………………...….
40
1.4. Verb……………………………………………………
41
1.5. Numerical Expression…………………………………
43
1.6. Superlative Degree…………………………………..… 44
1.7. Idiom…………………………………………………... 45
1.8. Simile…………………………………………………... 46
1.9. Whole Sentence/ Clause……………………………….. 47
2. Technique of Translating Hyperbole…………………..….. 51
2.1. Hyperbole Translated into Hyperbole…………………. 51
2.1.1. Literal …………………..…………………………. 51
2.1.2. Adaptation………………………………………... 53
2.1.3. Established Equivalent………………………….... 54
2.1.4. Transposition……………………………………... 56
2.1.5. Modulation……………………………………….. 57
2.1.6. Amplification……………………………………..
59
2.1.7. Variation………………………………………….. 60
2.1.8. Compensation…………………………………….. 62
2.1.9. Reduction…………………………………………. 63
2.1.10. Linguistic Compression + Discursive Creation…
to user+ Reduction………......
2.1.11. Linguistic commit
Amplification
x
63
64
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digilib.uns.ac.id
2.1.12. Literal + Borrowing…………………………….... 65
2.1.13. Literal + Generalization………………………..... 66
2.1.14. Adaptation + Amplification + Borrowing……..... 67
2.2. Hyperbole Translated into Non Hyperbole…………....
67
2.2.1. Generalization………………………………….… 68
2.2.2. Adaptation………………………………………... 69
2.2.3. Transposition……………………………………... 71
2.2.4. Modulation……………………………………….. 71
2.2.5. Amplification……………………………………..
72
2.2.6. Compensation…………………………………….
73
2.2.7. Variation………………………………………….. 74
2.2.8. Reduction………………………………………....
75
2.2.9. Particularization…………………………………..
76
3. Translation Quality Assessment…………………………... 80
3.1. Accuracy………………………………………………. 80
3.1.1. Classification A (Accurate) ……………………… 81
3.1.2. Classification B (less Accurate) …………………. 86
3.1.3. Classification C (Inaccurate) …………………….. 89
3.2. Acceptability…………………………………………… 91
3.1.1. Classification A (Acceptable) ……………………. 92
3.1.2. Classification B (less Acceptable) ……………….
95
C. Discussion…………………………………………………….. 98
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION...........……….…..
109
A. Conclusion……………………………………………….…… 109
B. Suggestion……………………………………………….…….. 112
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………… 113
APPENDICES
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digilib.uns.ac.id
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1: Table of Accuracy
Table 3.2: Table of Acceptability
Table 4.1: Visual data of hyperbolic expression based on the distribution of
hyperbolic items over lexical and grammatical categories
Table 4.2: Table of Translation Technique Data
Table 4.3: Table of Accuracy Scale
Table 4.4: Table of Acceptability Scale
Table 4.5: Discussion Accuracy and Acceptability
commit to user
xii
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digilib.uns.ac.id
ABSTRACT
Arya Wardhana C0306014. 2013. A Translation Analysis of Hyperbolic
Expressions in the Novel SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE By Keith R.A.
DeCandido. Undergraduate Thesis, Surakarta. English Department, Faculty
of Letters and Fine Arts. University of Sebelas Maret.
This research focuses on the analysis of hyperbolic expressions in the
novel SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE by Keith R.A. DeCandido and their
translation. The objectives of this research are to find out: (1) the types of
hyperbolic expressions in the novel SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE by Keith
R.A. DeCandido, (2) the translation techniques used in translating the hyperbolic
expressions, (3) the impact of those techniques to the accuracy and acceptability
of the translation.
This research applied a descriptive qualitative method. To collect the
data, purposive sampling technique was applied to analyze the data based on the
researcher’s criteria. In this research, 92 data were collected from the novel
SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE in English and Bahasa Indonesia. Three
methods of data collection were applied; content analysis, a close and open-ended
questionnaire and in-depth interview that was done with the three raters.
The result of the data analysis shows that there are 9 types of
hyperbolic expressions in the novel, i.e. noun (21 data), whole sentence/ clause
(19 data), numerical expression (17 data), adverb (12 data), adjective (7 data),
superlative degree (6 data), idiom (5 data), verb (4 data) and simile (1 datum).
Those types of hyperbolic expressions are translated into Bahasa Indonesia by
using 16 translation techniques: literal (28 data), generalization (14 data),
adaptation (13 data), transposition (7 data), established equivalent (6 data),
amplification (6 data), modulation (4 data), variation (3 data), compensation (2
data), reduction (2 data), particularization (1 datum), linguistic amplification +
reduction (2 data), linguistic compression + discursive creation (1 datum), literal +
borrowing (1 datum), literal + generalization (1 datum) and adaptation +
amplification + borrowing (1 datum). Dealing with accuracy, literal technique
contributes to the producing of accurate translation, while generalization
contributes to the producing of less accurate translation. Dealing with
acceptability, there is no significant impact of the use of certain technique to the
acceptability level. Dealing with expressive meaning, there are 30 data which are
translated less expressively, while 62 data are equally translated.
It is recommended that in the future research, there will be a research
discussing the type of hyperbolic expressions in different perspective such as the
semantic-based classification or the extremity of exaggeration-based
classification. Hopefully, this research will be a consideration for the future
translators to do a translation project related to hyperbolic expression. It is
important since two dominant translation techniques applied in this research
produce a contrast result; they are literal technique which tends to produce
accurate translation, and generalization technique which tends to produce less
commit to user
accurate translation.
xiii