Iqbal As The Victim Of Poverty Portrayed In Francesco D’adamo’s “Iqbal”

IQBAL AS THE VICTIM OF POVERTY PORTRAYED IN FRANCESCO

D’ADAMO’S “IQBAL” A THESIS

BY: RENATHA SIBARANI REG. NO. 110705051

IQBAL AS THE VICTIM OF POVERTY PORTRAYED IN FRANCESCO

D’ADAMO’S “IQBAL”

A THESIS

RENATHA SIBARANI

REG. NO. 110705051

SUPERVISOR

CO-SUPERVISOR

Dr. Siti Norma Nasution,M.Hum. Drs. Siamir Marulafau M.Hum

NIP. 195707201983032001 NIP. 195612141986012001

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara Medan in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of

English

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2015

Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of

Sumatra Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head, Secretary, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D.

NIP. 195411171980031002 NIP. 197502092008121002

Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the

degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatra Utara,Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatra Utara on Thursday April 16, 2015 Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara Dr.H.Syahron Lubis, MA NIP.19511013 197603 1 001 Board of Examiners Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS. …………………………….. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D. …………………………….. Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum. …………………………….. Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S. …………………………….. Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum. ……………………………..

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, RENATHA SIBARANI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS

THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS

THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL, PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE

OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE

QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE, NO OTHER’S WORK

HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLWDGMWNTS IN THE MAIN TEXT

OF THIS THESIS, THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE

AWARDS OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION Signed: Date :

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : RENATHA SIBARANI

TITLE OF THESIS : IQBAL AS THE VICTIM OF POVERTY PORTRAYED

IN FRANCESCO D’ADAMO’S “IQBAL” QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISRECTION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATRA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed : Date :

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, Praise The Lord, in the name of my saviour Jesus Christ. I would like to thank God for His blessing and His guidance in my life. Thank God for giving me ability, guidance, patience, spirit and wise so I can complete this thesis as one of the requirements to get Scholar Certificate in English Department, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.

On this occasion, I would like to express my best and deepest gratitude is due to my great family. My beloved father, R. Sibarani and my beloved mother, A.R Ambarita, Spd, who always give me love, care, and support. I love you both Mom and Dad. My special thanks for my lovely grandmother, Alm, Timoria Siregar for all of your motivations to me at the past. My huge thanks for my beloved aunties and uncle, Ir. Bertha Sibarani and Ester Sibarani, Amd, and Lambertus Philips Sibarani, SE, for always giving me love and care during my life. I thank you also to my brother, Andreas Sibarani and my little sister, Cindy Kristania Sibarani. Then, I thank you to all of Ambarita and Sibarani’s family members.

I also would like to express a very special gratitude and high appreciation to my Supervisor, Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum, and my Co-Supervisor Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum for their willingness and assistances to guide me in writing and complete this thesis.

Further, I also would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to the Dean od Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. Drs. Syahron Lubis, M.A., the Head of English Department, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S., and the Secretary of English Department, Mr. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D and to all lecturers of English Department for everything they already taught me during my academic years.

I would like to give my special thanks to my darlings, Evcis Soniamiar, Ruth Martha and Greacia Febrianis for always understand, support and cheer up me. My huge thanks for Budi Parulian Purba, Raja Guntar, Aida Caroline for your time to correct my thesis’s grammar and Anggie, who always help me during the process of thesis making. I also give my thanks to my partner in doing thesis, Febby Priscilla. I thank you to Dedhat, Marshal, Yasir, Rinnah, and all my friends in English Department 2011. I am gratefull for being a part of our great friendship.

I would like to give a heap thank to all my best friends since my childhood, Dian Lingga, Novita Sianipar, Putri Silitonga, Betty Situmorang, and Santi Pakpahan for become my sister and all your prayer to my life. I thank you for your support that never end, I never forget about our sisterhood. I thank you to an auntie, Berliana Siahaan for your motivation and a bible’s verse that always reminds me to give thank to Jesus. I also thank you to my craziest sister, Christin Aurelia for always willing to do some crazies things and listen to all of my problems. I give my thanks to my little family in church, Anita Gultom, Andro Panjaitan, Frans Manullang, Heber Sianipar, Nora Panjaitan, Sabam Sibarani and others. For the last, my huge thanks for my moodbooster, Fedrik Steven Manullang. I am really grateful for being a part all of you.

Finally, I hope this thesis will be beneficial for all the readers. I realize this thesis is still far from being perfect and I welcome constructive criticism and sugestion. May God Almighty bless us all. Amen

Medan, 21 March 2015 The Writer Renatha Sibarani No.Reg: 110705051

ABSTRAK

Skripsi berjudul “Iqbal As The Victim Of Poverty Portrayed In Francesco D’adamo’s Iqbal” berisi kajian mengenai masalah kemiskinan dan eksploitasi anak yang terjadi di Pakistan pada tahun 1980 yang digambarkan oleh Francesco D’adamo didalam novelnya yang berjudul

Iqbal . Iqbal merupakan salah satu novel yang menentang exploitasi anak di Pakistan. Tujuan

utama dari analisis ini adalah untuk menggambarkan situasi kemiskinan dan eksploitasi anak di Pakistan. Analisis ini juga bertujuan untuk menemukan hubungan antara kemiskinan dan eksploitasi anak yang terjadi di Pakistan. Metode yang digunakan dalam menganalisis masalah adalah metode deskriptif. Buku yang digunakan untuk menganalisis masalah dalam skripsi ini dikutip dari buku Theory of Literature (1956) oleh Wellek dan Warren. Penulis juga menggunakan pendekatan sejarah untuk menemukan beberapa informasi pendukung yang tidak disebutkan didalam novel yang dikutip dari buku Sociology of Literature and

Drama: Selected Readings oleh Elizabeth and Tom Burns. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa

kemiskinan sangat berpengaruh dalam eksploitasi anak. Kemiskinan merupakan akar dari eksploitasi anak.

Kata Kunci: Poverty, Child Labour, Iqbal, Francesco D’Adamo

ABSTRACT The thesis that titled "Iqbal As The Victim Of Poverty Portrayed In Francesco D’adamo’s

Iqbal " examines about the issue of poverty and child labour that occurred in Pakistan in 1980

portrayed in Francesco D'adamo’s Iqbal. Iqbal is one of the novels that opposes child labour in Pakistan. The main objective of this analysis is to describe the situation of poverty and child labour in Pakistan. This analysis also aims to find the relationship between poverty and child labour that happened in Pakistan. The method that used in analyzing the problem is descriptive method. The book that used to analyze the problem in this thesis is quoted from the book of Theory of Literature (1956) by Wellek and Warren. The author also uses historical approach to find some informations that is not mentioned in the novel. It is quoted from the Sociology of Literature and Drama: Selected Readings by Elizabeth and Tom Burns. The result of the analysis shows that poverty very affects to the child labour. Poverty is the root of child labour.

Keywords: Poverty, Child Labour, Iqbal, Francesco D'Adamo

TABLE OF CONTENTS AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ..................................................................... v COPYRIGHT DECLARATION .................................................................. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................... vii ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...............................................................

1 1.1 Background of the Analysis .............................................

1 1.2 Problems of the Analysis .................................................

6 1.3 Objectives of the Analysis ...............................................

6 1.4 Scope of the Analysis.......................................................

7 1.5 Significance of the Analysis ............................................

7 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ........................

8 2.1 Sociology of Literature ....................................................

8 2.2 Novel and Society ............................................................

9 2.3 Historical Approach .........................................................

11 2.4 Poverty .............................................................................

12 2.5 Child Labour ....................................................................

13 2.6 Socio-Economic Factors Related to Child Labour ..........

2.7 Relationship between Chilf Labour, Family Income and Education .........................................................................

18 2.8 Poverty and Child Labour in Pakistan .............................

2.8.1 Poverty in Pakistan ................................................

20 2.8.2 Child Labour in Pakistan .......................................

22 CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH ...............................................

25 3.1 Research Design...............................................................

25 3.2 Data Collection ................................................................

28 3.3 Data Analysis ...................................................................

28 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING ...............................................

29 4.1 The Potrayal of Poverty in Iqbal .....................................

29 4.2 The Potrayal of Child Labour in Iqbal .............................

36 4.2.1 The Exploitation of Children in Iqbal ......................

4.2.2 The Physical Abuse Suffered by the Children in Iqbal 42

4.2.3 The Mental Abuse Suffered by the Children in Iqbal 43 4.2.4 Isolation in Iqbal ......................................................

4.2.5 The Presence of Bonded Labor Liberation Front Pakistan in Iqbal ....................................................................

46 4.3 The Connection between Poverty and Child Labour .......

50 4.5 Finding .............................................................................

52 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...............................

54 5.1 Conclusion .......................................................................

54 5.2 Suggestion ........................................................................

55 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................

60 APPENDICES: SUMMARY, MALALA YOUSAFAI’S SPEECH Appendix I Francesco D’Adamo’s Biography Summary of Iqbal............. xii Appendix II Malala Yousafzai’s Speech ...................................................... xiv

Iqbal As The Victim Of Poverty Portrayed In Francesco D’adamo’s “Iqbal”