Pengaruh Karakteristik Pekerja dan Kualitas Udara terhadap Gangguan Pernafasan Pekerja di Pabrik Gula Sei Semayang Kabupaten Deli Serdang Tahun 2014

ABSTRAK

Debu merupakan partikel melayang yang memiliki kemampuan untuk
menurunkan fungsi paru. Berdasarkan survei awal yang dilakukan di Pabrik Gula Sei
Semayang banyak pekerja yang tidak menggunakan masker.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik
pekerja dan kualitas udara terhadap gangguan pernapasan yang diukur dengan fungsi
paru pekerja di Pabrik Gula Sei Semayang.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah explanatory research dengan desain Cross
Sectional. Populasi berjumlah 116 orang yang bekerja pada area produksi dan
diambil 53 orang sampel dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data diperoleh dari hasil
wawancara, pengukuran kadar debu, suhu dan kelembaban lingkungan kerja serta
pemeriksaan spirometri. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan uji
Chi-Square dan Fisher’s Exact Test serta multivariat dengan Regresi Logistik
Berganda (α = 0,05).
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan 15 orang pekerja mengalami gangguan
pernafasan. Kadar debu diarea kerja adalah 3,06 mg/m3 (>NAB). Umur (p=0,002),
jenis kelamin (p=0,658) masa kerja (p=0,020), penggunaan masker (p=0,0,658),
kebiasaan merokok (p=0,008), kadar debu (p=0,387), suhu (p=0,381), dan
kelembaban (p=0,381), lingkungan kerja berhubungan dengan gangguan pernafasan.
Faktor yang paling berpengaruh adalah kebiasaan merokok.

Disarankan setiap pekerja dan pihak manajemen PGSS Kabupaten Deli
Serdang agar senantiasa menggalakkan kampanye anti rokok di lingkungan
perusahaan dan melakukan pemantauan lingkungan kerja secara teratur sesuai
ketentuan.

Kata Kunci : Ganguan Pernapasan, Karakteristik Pekerja, Kualitas Udara

i

Universitas Sumatera Utara

ABSTRACT

Dust is floating particles which is able to decrase the function of lungs. Based
on the survey done in Pabrik Gula Sei Semayang (Sei Semayang Sugar Refinery), it
was found that many employees did not use maskers and the smoked in the work
place.
The objective of the research was to analyze the influence of employees’
characteristics and the quality of air on respiratory disorder, measured fom the
function of the employees’ lungs at Pabrik Gula Sei Semayang.

The research was an explanatory research with cross sectional design. The
population was 116 employees who worked at the production area, and 53 of them
were used as the samples, taken by using purposive sampling technique.The data
were analyzed by using univatriate analysis, bivatriate analysis with chi square test
or Fisher’s Exact Test, and univatriate analysis with multiple logistic regression tests
(α = 0.05).
The result of the analysis showed that 15 employees were affected by
respiratory disorder. Dust content in the work area was 3.06 mg/m3 ( > NAB). The
variables which had the most dominant influence on respiratory disorder were age (p
= 0.002), length of service (p = 0.020), and smoking habit (p = 0.008),dust content (p
= 0.387), temperature (p = 0.381), damp (p = 0.381), while the variable which had
the most dominant influence on respiratory disorder was smoking habit.
It is recommended that each employee and the management of the factory
encourage the campaign of Anti-Smoking, provide specific room for smoking, and
monitor work environment regularly according to the regulation.

Keywords: Respiratory Disorder, Employees’ Characteristics, Quality of Air

ii

Universitas Sumatera Utara