Untitled Document VISI Speech Acts
VISI
Majalah Ilmiah
Universitas HKBP Nommensen
Izin Penerbitan dari Departemen Penerangan Republik Indonesia
STT No. 1541/SK/DITJEN PPG/STT/1990
7 Pebruari 1990
Penerbit: Universitas HKBP Nommensen
Penasehat: Ketua BPH Yayasan
Rektor
Pembina: Wakil Rektor I
Wakil Rektor IV
Ketua Pengarah: Ketua Lembaga Penelitian
Ketua Penyunting: Prof.Dr.Monang Sitorus, M.Si
Anggota Penyunting: Prof.Dr. Monang Sitorus, M.Si.
Dr. Richard Napitupulu,ST., MT.
Dr. Jadongan Sijabat, SE., MSi
Dr. Samse Pandiangan, M.Sc.
Dr.Ir. Parulian Simanjuntak, MA.
Dr. Budiman Sinaga, SH., MH.
Dr. Hilman Pardede, MPd.
Lay out: Jadihar Sipayung
Tata Usaha: Melli Banjarnahor
Alamat Redaksi:
Majalah Ilmiah “VISI”
Universitas HKBP Nommensen
Jalan Sutomo No.4A Medan 20234
Sumatera Utara – Medan
Majalah ini diterbitkan tiga kali setahun: Pebruari, Juni dan Oktober
Biaya langganan satu tahun untuk wilayah Indonesia
Rp 30.000 dan US$ 5 untuk pelanggan luar negeri (tidak termasuk ongkos kirim)
Biaya langganan dikirim dengan pos wesel, yang ditujukan kepada Pimimpin Redaksi
Petunjuk penulisan naskah dicantumkan pada halaman dalam
Sampul belakang majalah ini
E-mail : visi @ yahoo.co.id
ISSN 0853 – 0203
STT NO. 1541/SK/DITJEN PPG/STT/1990
VISI
_____________________________________________________________
Volume 22
Nomor 3
Oktober 2014
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Benika Naibaho
Pengaruh Jenis Minyak Goreng dan Lama 1857-1869
Penyimpanan terhadap Mutu Emping Melinjo
(Gnetum gnemon)
Fenty Debora
Napitupulu
The Speech Of Marhusip (A Case Study of Pre- 1870-1881
Wedding Conversation of Toba Batak Society)
Mariana Br Surbakti
Analisa Fisika Pada Air Sumur Warga Di Sekitar 1882-1890
Lokasi Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Namo
Bintang
Ance Juliet
Panggabean
Mengenal Aspek Kompositoris dalam Komposisi 1891-1906
Sumatran Fiesta Karya Ben M. Pasaribu
Karina M. Brahmana
Hubungan Antara Burnout dengan Persepsi 1907-1919
Terhadap Lingkungan Kerja Psikologis pada
Pegawai Administrasi dan Keuangan di Universitas
HKBP Nommensen Medan
Friska B. Siahaan dan
Agusmanto J.B.
Hutauruk
Inovasi Model Pembelajaran Pencapaian Konsep 1920-1927
untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman dan
Kreativitas Matematika Mahasiswa Program Studi
Pendidikan Matematika di FKIP Universitas HKBP
Nommensen Medan Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014
Monang Sitorus
Pengaruh Perilaku Individu Untuk Meningkatkan 1928-1944
Kualitas Pelayanan Publik (Kajian teoritis dari sudut
prespektif Ilmu Administrasi)
Leo Simanjuntak
Preeklampsia
Peranan
Faktor
Imunologis. 1945-1962
___________________________________________________________________
Majalah Ilmiah
Universitas HKBP Nommensen
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, oleh kasih dan ridhoNya
majalah ilmiah Universitas HKBP Nommensen “VISI” Volume 22, Nomor 3,
Oktober 2014 dapat terbit.
Pada kesempatan ini, kami mengucapkan terimakasih kepada Saudara yang
telah mengirimkan artikel untuk dimuat di majalah ini. Dalam rangka
pengembangan kualitas tulisan dan penerbitan serta terjalinnya komunikasi dalam
pertukaran informasi ilmiah, kami akan senang hati apabila Saudara berkenan
memberikan masukan dan mengirimkan tulisannya untuk dimuat pada edisi
selanjutnya.
Akhirnya, kami berharap semoga tulisan-tulisan yang dimuat pada edisi ini
bermanfaat bagi para pembaca.
Pro Deo et Patria
Redaksi
PEDOMAN PENULISAN ARTIKEL
Majalah Ilmiah “Visi”, UHN adalah salah satu sarana/media bagi ilmuan dalam
menyebarluaskan ilmu pengetahuan, baik untuk pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan itu sendiri
maupun untuk kepentingan pembangunan secara umum. Redaksi mengundang ilmuan dari
berbagai bidang ilmu pengetahuan untuk berperan serta dalam mengisi majalah ini.
Naskah yang dikirim ke redaksi ditulis mengikuti tata cara penulisan ilmiah yang baku
secara umum, baik dalam bahasa Indonesia maupun bahasa Inggris, dengan spesifikasi:
- Ukuran kertas
: A4 atau letter
- Ketikan
: 2 spasi
- Jumlah halaman
: maksimum 24 halaman, dan
- Software
: Microsoft Words
Format dan Pedoman Penulisan
Judul
Nama Penulis
Abstrak (maksimum ¾ halaman). Memuat tujuan, metode dan kesimpulan hasil
penelitian, disertai kata kunci. Abstrak dalam bahasa Inggris bila naskah dalam bahasa
Indonesia atau sebaliknya.
I. Pendahuluan (maks. 4 hal.), memuat latar belakang, masalah, tinjauan pustaka,
tujuan dan hipotesis (bila ada).
II. Metodologi penelitian (maks. 3 hal), memuat tempat dan waktu penelitian, bahan
dan alat atau objek penelitian, perlakuan (bila ada) dan metode (mis.: kriteria
sampel, uji statistik).
III. Hasil penelitian dan Pembahasan (maks. 12 halaman). Memuat hasil penelitian dan
kemukakan secara menarik dan mudah dimengerti, hindari tabel lampiran.
Pembahasan memuat interpretasi hasil yang didukung oleh tinjauan pustaka, dan
bila perlu pembahasan kelemahan dan kekuatan metode (penelitian) yang
digunakan.
IV. Kesimpulan dan saran (maks. 2 halaman). Memuat kesimpulan yang relevan
dengan judul dan saran (bila ada) yang relevan dengan penelitian.
Daftar Pustaka (maks. 2 halaman). Memuat daftar pustaka secara alfabetis dan hanya
yang dikutip saja, dengan susunan.
Untuk buku: nama belakang. Nama depan (tahun), Judul, kota tempat penerbitan.
Penerbit.
Untuk penerbitan periodikal: nama belakang, nama depan, (tahun). Judul tulisan,
Nama Periodikal, Vol. (nomor), nomor halaman.
Prosedur pengiriman naskah:
- Kirimkan 1 (satu) eksemplar manuskrip naskah, file naskah dalam disket 31/2,
serta riwayat hidup penulis ke alamat Redaksi Majalah VISI UHN.
- Naskah belum pernah diterbitkan atau sedang dalam proses penerbitan pada media
lain.
- Naskah yang dikrim ke redaksi sepenuhnya menjadi milik redaksi.
Redaksi berwewenang menyunting artikel tanpa mengubah isi dan tujuannya.
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
THE SPEECH ACTS OF MARHUSIP
(A Case Study of Pre-Wedding Conversation of Toba Batak Society)
Fenty Debora Napitupulu
ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan tindak tutur dalam
percakapan masyarakat Batak Toba ketika percakapan awal sebelum acara
pernikahan dimulai. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode
penelitian deskriptif kwalitatif. Data penelitian ini adalah ujaran-ujaran penutur
Batak Toba ketika percakapan awal yang disebut acara marhusip berlangsung.
Penelitian ini mengelaborasi ujaran-ujaran yang mengandung tindak tutur
illokusionari. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa tindak tutur yang muncul dalam
acara marhusip adalah asertif sebanyak 33%, direktif 42 %, komisif 18%, ekspresif
4%, dan deklaratif 3%. Tindakan yang muncul adalah meminta sesuatu,
mengingatkan, memohon, memerintah, menyetujui, merencanakan, berterimakasih,
dan pernyataan. Tindak tutur ilokusionari yang paling dominan adalah direktif.
Kebanyakan ujaran-ujaran tersebut berasal dari penutur dari pihak pengantin
perempuan.
-----------Keywords: speech acts, assertive, directives, commissive, expressive, declaratives
I. INTRODUCTION
Language has many functions in use. One of them is as the social interaction
tool or human communication. By language, all of the communication process can
be recorded. The importance of language is to deliver the information. Besides,
people can change information one each others to fulfill their needs. The
interaction of the dialog is able to describe the basic social relationship in daily life
The experts of sociology and sociolinguistic gave attention in daily language use
to form and to keep social relation. In the sociolinguistic, language is not only as
the sign, but also as the social system of the certain culture on society. On society,
language is influenced by the some factors; they are social status, the level of
education, age, the level of economic, genre, etc. Meanwhile, the language form is
influenced by situational factors. They are who is speaking, how the language
form is, to whom they are talking, when they are talking, where they are talking,
and what the problem is. Not so many of Toba Batak people have motivation to
make an interaction and not many people are able to speak Toba Batak language
well. For young generation of Toba Batak, Toba Batak language or the other
traditional language are not so popular.
Speaking is the basic activity form done by the people to make a relation. By
doing conversation, people can create their minds and feelings. Speaking cannot
be separated from units of social activity. One of the unit activities becomes the
topic of this research, namely the speech act on Marhusip in Toba Batak society.
1870
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
The study of speech act is assessed by Austin (1962). Pardede (2012: 9) says that
speech acts is a range of other actions that can be indicated in the performance of
the utterances itself. Scheffrin (1994:365) says that people can do many things to
perform speech acts because the rules through with speech acts are realized are
part of communicative competence. Competence is formed early, from childhood
to adulthood, developed in accordance with the rules of the language as
convention in every human community. Grass (1996:127) says that human
communication is fundamental to the notion of speech act. While Cohen (1996:
384) said that a speech act is functional unit in communication. Nowadays, some
of the young Toba Batak people do not know Toba Batak language well especially
those who live in Medan. Even, they cannot pronounce it in a good structure on
their daily conversation. They chose to speak each other in Indonesia language for
daily conversation although their mother language is Toba Batak language. Of
course this cannot maintain the Toba Batak culture in the future. How can they
understand Batak Toba culture if they do not know how to speak in Toba Batak
language well? Toba Batak society is one of the Batak sub-ethnics. The others are
Simalungun, Karo, Mandailing and Pakpak. One of the distinguishing
characteristics between the sub-ethnic languages is the existence of dalihan na
tolu. In Dalihan na Tolu, it is not the same how people speak as a boru, hula-hula,
or dongan sabutuha. The speech act is more often used by hula-hula in a phrase to
bless and use a polite expression. While, the speech act of boru refers to request.
Boru must obey what hula-hula commands in the certain situation of Toba Batak
events. As Dongan sabutuha, they must keep a good relationship and use the good
speech act in their daily life. The writer is interested in analyzing how the
expression of speech acts used by the Toba Batak society on communicating in
Marhusip as prewedding party.
Toba Batak society has certain customs system based on Dalihan na Tolu
"three-legged stone”. Dalihan na Tolu is the basic life of Batak Toba. Any
member of the public act according to the customs of Dalihan na Tolu. Marriage
in Toba Batak society is very strong so it is not easy to get a divorce because in the
marriage there are a lot of people involved and responsible in it. Normally, one of
Toba Batak’s wedding procedure is Marhusip.
In Toba Batak culture, Marhusip is one step that must be done in the
traditional wedding procession. The literal sense of the Marhusip is "whispering".
Marhusip is closed, the results of the negotiations should not be declared even if
negotiations failed. In marhata sinamot, the conversation is about the amount of
dowry that will be discussed in more detail. In Marhusip not all elements of
Dalihan na Tolu attend it. Hula-hula from the two sides usually do not come, but
dongan tubu, boru, and dongan sahuta actively participate in the procession.
As we know marhusip means as whispering. In this situation people make
negotiation between two sides that never know each other. The relation among two
side usually connect when their children has loved each other and make a relation
to be serious, called wedding party. On Marhusip, usually talked about
1871
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
negoitiation of donwry after they are agree for the decision how much the the
money will give to hula-hula where it will be given by parboru. There are so many
negotiation will be done on Marhusip and how the party will be done is also talked
on Marhusip if there is no relation happen between the two sides before. In other
hand, there are so many negotiation will happen on the their dialog. But, if
marhusip is held by the two side that ever know before where the prospective bride
parents are hula-hula of prospective bridegroom parents where on Batak culture
prospective bride is pariban of prospective bridegroom, the relation is very closed.
Of course the negotiation will be less than usual Marhusip that Toba Batak society
is done. Many of negotiation are less. The dialog focuses on what techniques and
how the next event will be done after Marhusip. This is the interesting of the
writer to identify the speech acts that occur in Marhusip on Toba Batak society.
Most of the young of Toba Batak generation in held the Batak ceremony people
who master the Toba Batak language and culture on their ceremony. They just
choose to keep silent and better to listen only without trying to take apart in the
conversation that occured in that ceremony. Even, they do not understand what
Dalihan na Tolu means. They do not know whether they must speak or not, use
the umpasa of Batak Toba well and implement Toba Batak language in polite and
formal situation, even use the right speech act in the certain situation.
The theory of speech act is identified by Austin (1962) and Searle (1969)
including:
1. Locutionary Act
Locutionary act is the act of uttering a sentence within certain meaning like:
It is hot here.
Cohen (1996:184) says that the act of locutionary is connected with the water
temperature on that place.
2. Illocutionary act
Illocutionary act is an act of doing something. The speaker utterances the
sentence "it is hot here".
3. Perlocutionary act
Perlocutinary act is what is done by uttering the word; it is the effect on the
listener, the listener's reaction. The above sentence depends on certain context,
the result or action maybe the window will open largely or doing nothing at all.
Searle (1969) has set up the following classification of illocutionary acts:
1. Assertive
A speech act that commits a speaker to the truth of the proposition is expressed,
e.g. reciting a cree
2. Directives
A speech act that causes the hearer to take a particular action.
e.g requests, commands, advise, etc
3. Commissives
Aspeech act that commits a speaker to some future action
e.g . promises, oaths, bargains, etc.
1872
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
4. Expressives
A speech act that express the speaker's attitudes and emotions towards the
proposition
e.g congratulation, excuses and thanks
5. Declaratives
A speech act that changes the reality in accord with the proposition of the
declaration
e.g babtisms, pronouncing someone guilty or pronouncing someone's husband
and wife.
2. METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
The data of this research are utterances of speakers when the conversation
of pre-weddding of Toba Batak society called marhusip went on. The data
analyzed are the transcript of the conversation. The instrument used in this study is
Video Camera to observe the participants doing the conversation and their
behavior in speech act of Marhusip in Toba Batak society.
The data are collected using the theory of Miles and Huberman’s (1988: 23)
model. The two theories are used to analyze the data descriptively. The data are
collected through recording the conventional sound of speech act used by the Toba
Batak society in Marhusip. Then, the data were converted into a written
transcription. There are three steps of collecting the data applied in this study,
namely; record the participant’s conversation, transcribe the conversation, and
confirm the data as revealed.
The data are collected by recording. After that the writer listens to the
recording and repeats it more times so it can be understood clearly. The data is
reduced by analyzing it into the good transcript and display the data. Here, the data
is presented in tables. It aims to present the analysis of how the speech acts are
used and more dominant in Marhusip on Toba Batak society.
3. DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
In analyzing the data, the writer uses pragmatic method to analyze the
utterances of illocutionary acts by using Searle’s theory. The utterances are
identified based on the type of the illocutionary acts. The following are the
analysis of some utterances in the conversation:
Data 1 :
Nuaeng raja dongan sahuta nami, huboto hami sian hula-hula nanidapot muna do
angka dongan sahuta nami dison, nga dison be hami amangboru. Boha hamuna
dohot rombongan mu, on na ma?
1873
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
English Equivalence :
Now, our village community kings, our hula-hula has informed us that you have
found our village community here, we are here now amangboru. How about your
group, are these all?
Data 1 shows directive in a form of asking. The prospective bridegroom
speaker asks the prospective bride to get attention to start the conversation and to
make sure that the prospective bride groups are ready to start the conversation.
Data 2 :
Mauliate ma di hamu raja nami hula-hula Marga Sianturi Ianggo hami nunga
singkop be hami.
English Equivalence:
We say thanks to all of you our hula-hula. We are here all now.
The types of speech act in the utterance above is expressive in a form of
thanking. It show that the prospective bride say thanks to prospective bridegroom
groups for they are ready to begin the conversation.
Data 3:
Mauliate ma amangboru. Jadi dison do hamu nuaeng dongan sahuta nami. Nga
tangkas tabereng naeng haroro ni pamoruon nami na ro mandapothon hita tu
tonga ni bagasan on. Hupasahat hami ma tu hamu raja dongan sahuta nami
songon dia ma angka na biasa taulahon namardongan sahuta hita di luat tambak
ta on.
English Equivalence:
Thanks to our amangboru
You are here now our village friends. We have seen exactly that our boru has
come to visit us in this house. We give the time to our king village friends to
explain about our habbit’s doing as village friends on our community.
The types of speech acts in data 3 is directive. It can be seen from the
utterance “Hupasahat hami ma tu hamu raja dongan sahuta nami songon dia ma
angka na biasa taulahon namardongan sahuta hita di luat tambak ta on. We give
the time to our king village friends to explain about our habbit’s doing as village
friends on our community. The speaker gives suggestion to village friends speaker.
It is a direction what the village friend speaker will do.
Data 4 :
Jadi mauliate ma di hamu dongan sahuta. On pe tu hamu angka amang boru
dohot namboru nami, nunga tangkas dibege hamu soara ni dongan sahuta nami.
patangkas hamuma haroro muna songon dia do na naeng sihatahon muna.
English Equivalence:
Thanks to our village friend. And now to our amangboru and namboru, you have
heard the suggestion of our village friends. Please explain us what is your purpose
and tell us what do you want to tell about.
1874
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
From the types of speech acts, it is directive in this utterance “patangkas
hamuma haroro muna songon dia do na naeng sihatahon muna. Please explain us
what is your purpose and tell us what you want to tell about “suggests the
prospective bride speaker to explain what is their purpose.
Data 5 :
Jadi andorang so huhatahon hami haroro nami, asa tangkas. jadi boha do,
dongan sahuta majo nian?
English Equivalence:
Before we tell about our purpose tocome here, we want to know is the turn of
village friend the first ?
This utterance is directive. The utterance tells that the prospective broom
ask whose turn to talk at first.
Data 6 :
Eh..eh… eh…..Ai so adong dope silehonon muna nuaeng. Jadi haduanma.
English Equivalence:
Eh..eh..eh.. there is no one that you will give now. It is for the next.
From the types of speech acts, it is assertive. The village community’s
speaker says the truth to the the prospective broom about the right one that they
must do on next step.
Data 7 :
Oh ido ate. Jadi mauliate ma. Hula-hula nami, ia hami tung las roha nami,
marhahipason hamu dapot hami, songon i nang hami marhahipason. Alai songon
dalan nami tiur mandapothon raja i, adong na laho sihusiphonon tu Raja i. Raja
nami! Adong hata ni pandohan ni natua-tua “Sai jolo ni nangnang ninna asa ni
nungnung ba jolo pinangan ma jolo disungkkun”. Songon singkap ni lampet Raja
nami adong dison huboan hami. Ba jolo tapangan ma ra Raja nami ra baru pe
anon muse hita manghatai. Songoni ma boa-boa sian hami.
English Equivalence:
Oh, I see. Thanks. Our hula-hula, we are glad, for we meet you health, like us
health too. But as our light way to meet the king, there are something that we want
to whisper to our king. Our king! As the parents proverb “ the first is nangnang
and then nungnung , eat first and then you ask”. Like the substitute of lappet, here
our jing, there is something we bring. So we eat it the first after that we continue to
talk, our king. Here is our information.
The speech acts in the utterance above is assertive. The utterance “Songon
singkap ni lampet Rajanami adong dison huboan hami. Ba jolo tapangan ma ra
Raja nami ra baru pe anon muse hita manghatai. ”. Like the substitute of lappet,
here our jing, there is something we bring. So we eat it the first after that we
continue to talk, our king” suggests the audience to eat first before they begin to
talk in Marhusip.
1875
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
Data 8 :
Gabe jala horas ma amang boru. Memang ido. Nga marsitandaan hita nasaleleng
on. Nauli na denggan ma amang boru. Jadi ima ate. Inama ra, ate. Jolo pasahaton
muna ma, anon ma dipatupa.
English Equivalence:
Many descendant and be health for us amangboru. It is true. We have known each
other for several times. It is good amangboru. It is the time. Give it first, and then
it will be serve.
From the types of speech acts, it is directive. The utterance “Gabe jala
horas ma amangboru. Memang ido. Nga marsitandaan hita nasaleleng on. Nauli
na denggan ma amang boru. Jadi ima ate. Inama ra, ate. Jolo pasahaton muna
ma, anon ma dipatupa. Many descendant and be health for us amangboru. It is
true. We have known each other for several times. It is good amangboru. It is the
time. Give it first, and then it will serve “ confirms that the relationship between
two sides is good and the speaker from the women side suggests the man side to
give their tudu-tudu sipanganon.
Data 9 :
Ba dos rohanta Raja nami. Ba songon dia ma hira na masa.
English Equivalence:
We are agree each other our king. How will it happen?
The types of speech acts is directive. The utterance “Ba dos rohanta Raja
nami. Ba songon dia ma hira na masa. We are agree each other our king. How
will it happen? shows that the man side asks the habbits that happened on that
location from the village friends speaker.
Data 10 :
Jolo dipatupa ma, ganti ni lampet doi, ba diboan ma tu ahai.
English Equivalence:
It serves first, the changes of lappet, take it now.
From the types of speech acts, it is assertive. The utterance “Jolo dipatupa
ma, ganti nilampet doi, ba diboan ma tu ahai. It serves first, the changes of lappet,
take it now” shows village friends speaker states their request.
Data 11 :
Jadi mauliate ma di Tuhanta, mauliate di hita. Tangkas do songon na nidokmuna i
pinampul andohor bontar gotana, sada anak sada boru do namardongan sahuta
nangpe asing-asing margana iala madabu jarum tu napoppop ndang niida ni
mata niida ni roha. Marhite hata ni tondongta nangkinan hira dapot roha do
saotik maksud dan tujuan, alai annon pe dipatangkas nasida. Jadi sian i tarida
rupani ulaon on ulaon di jabu. Bangkona mai molo ulaon di jabu, molo boi tutu
molo tolap sai dongan sahuta do namanungkun. Jadi di hamu tutur nami, ito ma
hudok ate. Nunga marpungu hita di jabu namarampang marjual on sigomgom
1876
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
pangisina on, jala nunga butong mangan hita sada paloppa na tabo. Pamurnas tu
daging mai, saudara tu bohi pasindak panaili mai sipaniangkon lobi tuhoron nami
ma songon daulat ni sipanganon ni bagot ni namarhalto ma narobean horas ma
hami antong namanghon tung gandana ma hamu namangalehon.
English Equivalence:
Thanks for God, and for us too. It is clear that you say the wood cuts the liquid.
We have the same son dan daughter as friend’s community although we are
different on sure name. if needle falled in plenty of bushes, in cannot be seen by
eyes. Through the statement that our family have just told, we have know its
meaning and purpose eventhough it will be explained by them next. From their
utterance, we can see the describing of home events. If it is held in house, the
friend’s community will asked it. Now on for our family, that is all what I want to
say. We have together in this house. We have so full for eat te delicious foods that
you have brought. Hoping it will become a good health for our body. Big thanks
for you that served these foods. May God blesses you.
The utterances above contain expressive. The utterances above show that
the village’s friend speaker explain about what the woman side ask and then
village community feel satisfied for the foods that has been brought to make a
blessing words for that situation to show their thanking.
After analyzing all the utterances occurring in the conversation of
marhusip, then the result of the illocutionary analysis are tabulated as follows:
Table 3.1 The Illocutionary Acts of Conversation in the agenda of Marhusip
Data
Types of Illocutionary Acts
Assertive
Directive Commisive Expessive Declarative
1
√
2
√
3
√
4
√
5
√
6
√
7
√
8
√
9
√
10
√
11
√
12
√
13
√
14
√
15
√
16
√
17
√
18
√
1877
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
1878
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
1879
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
Total
%
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
41
33%
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
52
42
√
27
18%
4
4%
3
3%
Based on the table above, it can be seen that all the illocutionary acts are
used by the speakers of Toba Batak speaker in the conversation of pre-wedding
called marhusip, namely assertives, directives, commisives, expressives, and
declaratives. The most dominant is the directive (42%).
4. CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings above some conclusion can be drawn as followings:
1. The speakers of Toba Batak when interacting with the people from the
two sides (man and woman) in the pre-wedding conversation apply the
five types of illocutionary acts, i.e assertives, directives, commisives,
expressives, and declaratives.
1880
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
2. The most dominant type is directives, then followed by assertives,
commissives, expressive, and declaratives. The directives that occurred
are asking for something, making warnings, requesting, commandin;
assertive are suggesting and explaining; commissive are agreement and
planning; expressive is thanking; and declarative is declaration. It means
that directive especially asking for something is the most dominat coming
from the woman’s side to the man’s side.
REFERENCES
Austin, John L. 1962. How to do Things with Words. Oxford: Cornell University
Press.
Cohen, A. D. 1996. “Speech Acts”. S.L. McKay & N.H. Hornberger (Eds).
Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Grass & Susan.M. 1996. Speech Acts Across Cultures. New York : Mountun de
Ciruyter.
Miles, M. B. and Huberman, A. M. 1988. Qualitative Data Analysis. London:
Sage Publication.
Pardede, Hilman. 2012. The Analysis of Toba Batak Conversation. Singapore:
Singapore International Press.
Schiffrin, Deborah. 1994. Approaches discourse. Massa Chusetts: Blackwell.
Publisher.
Searle, J. 1969. “Indirect Speech Acts”. P.Cole & J. Morgan. (Ed). Syntax and
Semantics. New York: Academic Press.
1881
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
1882
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
Majalah Ilmiah
Universitas HKBP Nommensen
Izin Penerbitan dari Departemen Penerangan Republik Indonesia
STT No. 1541/SK/DITJEN PPG/STT/1990
7 Pebruari 1990
Penerbit: Universitas HKBP Nommensen
Penasehat: Ketua BPH Yayasan
Rektor
Pembina: Wakil Rektor I
Wakil Rektor IV
Ketua Pengarah: Ketua Lembaga Penelitian
Ketua Penyunting: Prof.Dr.Monang Sitorus, M.Si
Anggota Penyunting: Prof.Dr. Monang Sitorus, M.Si.
Dr. Richard Napitupulu,ST., MT.
Dr. Jadongan Sijabat, SE., MSi
Dr. Samse Pandiangan, M.Sc.
Dr.Ir. Parulian Simanjuntak, MA.
Dr. Budiman Sinaga, SH., MH.
Dr. Hilman Pardede, MPd.
Lay out: Jadihar Sipayung
Tata Usaha: Melli Banjarnahor
Alamat Redaksi:
Majalah Ilmiah “VISI”
Universitas HKBP Nommensen
Jalan Sutomo No.4A Medan 20234
Sumatera Utara – Medan
Majalah ini diterbitkan tiga kali setahun: Pebruari, Juni dan Oktober
Biaya langganan satu tahun untuk wilayah Indonesia
Rp 30.000 dan US$ 5 untuk pelanggan luar negeri (tidak termasuk ongkos kirim)
Biaya langganan dikirim dengan pos wesel, yang ditujukan kepada Pimimpin Redaksi
Petunjuk penulisan naskah dicantumkan pada halaman dalam
Sampul belakang majalah ini
E-mail : visi @ yahoo.co.id
ISSN 0853 – 0203
STT NO. 1541/SK/DITJEN PPG/STT/1990
VISI
_____________________________________________________________
Volume 22
Nomor 3
Oktober 2014
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Benika Naibaho
Pengaruh Jenis Minyak Goreng dan Lama 1857-1869
Penyimpanan terhadap Mutu Emping Melinjo
(Gnetum gnemon)
Fenty Debora
Napitupulu
The Speech Of Marhusip (A Case Study of Pre- 1870-1881
Wedding Conversation of Toba Batak Society)
Mariana Br Surbakti
Analisa Fisika Pada Air Sumur Warga Di Sekitar 1882-1890
Lokasi Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Namo
Bintang
Ance Juliet
Panggabean
Mengenal Aspek Kompositoris dalam Komposisi 1891-1906
Sumatran Fiesta Karya Ben M. Pasaribu
Karina M. Brahmana
Hubungan Antara Burnout dengan Persepsi 1907-1919
Terhadap Lingkungan Kerja Psikologis pada
Pegawai Administrasi dan Keuangan di Universitas
HKBP Nommensen Medan
Friska B. Siahaan dan
Agusmanto J.B.
Hutauruk
Inovasi Model Pembelajaran Pencapaian Konsep 1920-1927
untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman dan
Kreativitas Matematika Mahasiswa Program Studi
Pendidikan Matematika di FKIP Universitas HKBP
Nommensen Medan Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014
Monang Sitorus
Pengaruh Perilaku Individu Untuk Meningkatkan 1928-1944
Kualitas Pelayanan Publik (Kajian teoritis dari sudut
prespektif Ilmu Administrasi)
Leo Simanjuntak
Preeklampsia
Peranan
Faktor
Imunologis. 1945-1962
___________________________________________________________________
Majalah Ilmiah
Universitas HKBP Nommensen
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, oleh kasih dan ridhoNya
majalah ilmiah Universitas HKBP Nommensen “VISI” Volume 22, Nomor 3,
Oktober 2014 dapat terbit.
Pada kesempatan ini, kami mengucapkan terimakasih kepada Saudara yang
telah mengirimkan artikel untuk dimuat di majalah ini. Dalam rangka
pengembangan kualitas tulisan dan penerbitan serta terjalinnya komunikasi dalam
pertukaran informasi ilmiah, kami akan senang hati apabila Saudara berkenan
memberikan masukan dan mengirimkan tulisannya untuk dimuat pada edisi
selanjutnya.
Akhirnya, kami berharap semoga tulisan-tulisan yang dimuat pada edisi ini
bermanfaat bagi para pembaca.
Pro Deo et Patria
Redaksi
PEDOMAN PENULISAN ARTIKEL
Majalah Ilmiah “Visi”, UHN adalah salah satu sarana/media bagi ilmuan dalam
menyebarluaskan ilmu pengetahuan, baik untuk pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan itu sendiri
maupun untuk kepentingan pembangunan secara umum. Redaksi mengundang ilmuan dari
berbagai bidang ilmu pengetahuan untuk berperan serta dalam mengisi majalah ini.
Naskah yang dikirim ke redaksi ditulis mengikuti tata cara penulisan ilmiah yang baku
secara umum, baik dalam bahasa Indonesia maupun bahasa Inggris, dengan spesifikasi:
- Ukuran kertas
: A4 atau letter
- Ketikan
: 2 spasi
- Jumlah halaman
: maksimum 24 halaman, dan
- Software
: Microsoft Words
Format dan Pedoman Penulisan
Judul
Nama Penulis
Abstrak (maksimum ¾ halaman). Memuat tujuan, metode dan kesimpulan hasil
penelitian, disertai kata kunci. Abstrak dalam bahasa Inggris bila naskah dalam bahasa
Indonesia atau sebaliknya.
I. Pendahuluan (maks. 4 hal.), memuat latar belakang, masalah, tinjauan pustaka,
tujuan dan hipotesis (bila ada).
II. Metodologi penelitian (maks. 3 hal), memuat tempat dan waktu penelitian, bahan
dan alat atau objek penelitian, perlakuan (bila ada) dan metode (mis.: kriteria
sampel, uji statistik).
III. Hasil penelitian dan Pembahasan (maks. 12 halaman). Memuat hasil penelitian dan
kemukakan secara menarik dan mudah dimengerti, hindari tabel lampiran.
Pembahasan memuat interpretasi hasil yang didukung oleh tinjauan pustaka, dan
bila perlu pembahasan kelemahan dan kekuatan metode (penelitian) yang
digunakan.
IV. Kesimpulan dan saran (maks. 2 halaman). Memuat kesimpulan yang relevan
dengan judul dan saran (bila ada) yang relevan dengan penelitian.
Daftar Pustaka (maks. 2 halaman). Memuat daftar pustaka secara alfabetis dan hanya
yang dikutip saja, dengan susunan.
Untuk buku: nama belakang. Nama depan (tahun), Judul, kota tempat penerbitan.
Penerbit.
Untuk penerbitan periodikal: nama belakang, nama depan, (tahun). Judul tulisan,
Nama Periodikal, Vol. (nomor), nomor halaman.
Prosedur pengiriman naskah:
- Kirimkan 1 (satu) eksemplar manuskrip naskah, file naskah dalam disket 31/2,
serta riwayat hidup penulis ke alamat Redaksi Majalah VISI UHN.
- Naskah belum pernah diterbitkan atau sedang dalam proses penerbitan pada media
lain.
- Naskah yang dikrim ke redaksi sepenuhnya menjadi milik redaksi.
Redaksi berwewenang menyunting artikel tanpa mengubah isi dan tujuannya.
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
THE SPEECH ACTS OF MARHUSIP
(A Case Study of Pre-Wedding Conversation of Toba Batak Society)
Fenty Debora Napitupulu
ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan tindak tutur dalam
percakapan masyarakat Batak Toba ketika percakapan awal sebelum acara
pernikahan dimulai. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode
penelitian deskriptif kwalitatif. Data penelitian ini adalah ujaran-ujaran penutur
Batak Toba ketika percakapan awal yang disebut acara marhusip berlangsung.
Penelitian ini mengelaborasi ujaran-ujaran yang mengandung tindak tutur
illokusionari. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa tindak tutur yang muncul dalam
acara marhusip adalah asertif sebanyak 33%, direktif 42 %, komisif 18%, ekspresif
4%, dan deklaratif 3%. Tindakan yang muncul adalah meminta sesuatu,
mengingatkan, memohon, memerintah, menyetujui, merencanakan, berterimakasih,
dan pernyataan. Tindak tutur ilokusionari yang paling dominan adalah direktif.
Kebanyakan ujaran-ujaran tersebut berasal dari penutur dari pihak pengantin
perempuan.
-----------Keywords: speech acts, assertive, directives, commissive, expressive, declaratives
I. INTRODUCTION
Language has many functions in use. One of them is as the social interaction
tool or human communication. By language, all of the communication process can
be recorded. The importance of language is to deliver the information. Besides,
people can change information one each others to fulfill their needs. The
interaction of the dialog is able to describe the basic social relationship in daily life
The experts of sociology and sociolinguistic gave attention in daily language use
to form and to keep social relation. In the sociolinguistic, language is not only as
the sign, but also as the social system of the certain culture on society. On society,
language is influenced by the some factors; they are social status, the level of
education, age, the level of economic, genre, etc. Meanwhile, the language form is
influenced by situational factors. They are who is speaking, how the language
form is, to whom they are talking, when they are talking, where they are talking,
and what the problem is. Not so many of Toba Batak people have motivation to
make an interaction and not many people are able to speak Toba Batak language
well. For young generation of Toba Batak, Toba Batak language or the other
traditional language are not so popular.
Speaking is the basic activity form done by the people to make a relation. By
doing conversation, people can create their minds and feelings. Speaking cannot
be separated from units of social activity. One of the unit activities becomes the
topic of this research, namely the speech act on Marhusip in Toba Batak society.
1870
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
The study of speech act is assessed by Austin (1962). Pardede (2012: 9) says that
speech acts is a range of other actions that can be indicated in the performance of
the utterances itself. Scheffrin (1994:365) says that people can do many things to
perform speech acts because the rules through with speech acts are realized are
part of communicative competence. Competence is formed early, from childhood
to adulthood, developed in accordance with the rules of the language as
convention in every human community. Grass (1996:127) says that human
communication is fundamental to the notion of speech act. While Cohen (1996:
384) said that a speech act is functional unit in communication. Nowadays, some
of the young Toba Batak people do not know Toba Batak language well especially
those who live in Medan. Even, they cannot pronounce it in a good structure on
their daily conversation. They chose to speak each other in Indonesia language for
daily conversation although their mother language is Toba Batak language. Of
course this cannot maintain the Toba Batak culture in the future. How can they
understand Batak Toba culture if they do not know how to speak in Toba Batak
language well? Toba Batak society is one of the Batak sub-ethnics. The others are
Simalungun, Karo, Mandailing and Pakpak. One of the distinguishing
characteristics between the sub-ethnic languages is the existence of dalihan na
tolu. In Dalihan na Tolu, it is not the same how people speak as a boru, hula-hula,
or dongan sabutuha. The speech act is more often used by hula-hula in a phrase to
bless and use a polite expression. While, the speech act of boru refers to request.
Boru must obey what hula-hula commands in the certain situation of Toba Batak
events. As Dongan sabutuha, they must keep a good relationship and use the good
speech act in their daily life. The writer is interested in analyzing how the
expression of speech acts used by the Toba Batak society on communicating in
Marhusip as prewedding party.
Toba Batak society has certain customs system based on Dalihan na Tolu
"three-legged stone”. Dalihan na Tolu is the basic life of Batak Toba. Any
member of the public act according to the customs of Dalihan na Tolu. Marriage
in Toba Batak society is very strong so it is not easy to get a divorce because in the
marriage there are a lot of people involved and responsible in it. Normally, one of
Toba Batak’s wedding procedure is Marhusip.
In Toba Batak culture, Marhusip is one step that must be done in the
traditional wedding procession. The literal sense of the Marhusip is "whispering".
Marhusip is closed, the results of the negotiations should not be declared even if
negotiations failed. In marhata sinamot, the conversation is about the amount of
dowry that will be discussed in more detail. In Marhusip not all elements of
Dalihan na Tolu attend it. Hula-hula from the two sides usually do not come, but
dongan tubu, boru, and dongan sahuta actively participate in the procession.
As we know marhusip means as whispering. In this situation people make
negotiation between two sides that never know each other. The relation among two
side usually connect when their children has loved each other and make a relation
to be serious, called wedding party. On Marhusip, usually talked about
1871
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
negoitiation of donwry after they are agree for the decision how much the the
money will give to hula-hula where it will be given by parboru. There are so many
negotiation will be done on Marhusip and how the party will be done is also talked
on Marhusip if there is no relation happen between the two sides before. In other
hand, there are so many negotiation will happen on the their dialog. But, if
marhusip is held by the two side that ever know before where the prospective bride
parents are hula-hula of prospective bridegroom parents where on Batak culture
prospective bride is pariban of prospective bridegroom, the relation is very closed.
Of course the negotiation will be less than usual Marhusip that Toba Batak society
is done. Many of negotiation are less. The dialog focuses on what techniques and
how the next event will be done after Marhusip. This is the interesting of the
writer to identify the speech acts that occur in Marhusip on Toba Batak society.
Most of the young of Toba Batak generation in held the Batak ceremony people
who master the Toba Batak language and culture on their ceremony. They just
choose to keep silent and better to listen only without trying to take apart in the
conversation that occured in that ceremony. Even, they do not understand what
Dalihan na Tolu means. They do not know whether they must speak or not, use
the umpasa of Batak Toba well and implement Toba Batak language in polite and
formal situation, even use the right speech act in the certain situation.
The theory of speech act is identified by Austin (1962) and Searle (1969)
including:
1. Locutionary Act
Locutionary act is the act of uttering a sentence within certain meaning like:
It is hot here.
Cohen (1996:184) says that the act of locutionary is connected with the water
temperature on that place.
2. Illocutionary act
Illocutionary act is an act of doing something. The speaker utterances the
sentence "it is hot here".
3. Perlocutionary act
Perlocutinary act is what is done by uttering the word; it is the effect on the
listener, the listener's reaction. The above sentence depends on certain context,
the result or action maybe the window will open largely or doing nothing at all.
Searle (1969) has set up the following classification of illocutionary acts:
1. Assertive
A speech act that commits a speaker to the truth of the proposition is expressed,
e.g. reciting a cree
2. Directives
A speech act that causes the hearer to take a particular action.
e.g requests, commands, advise, etc
3. Commissives
Aspeech act that commits a speaker to some future action
e.g . promises, oaths, bargains, etc.
1872
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
4. Expressives
A speech act that express the speaker's attitudes and emotions towards the
proposition
e.g congratulation, excuses and thanks
5. Declaratives
A speech act that changes the reality in accord with the proposition of the
declaration
e.g babtisms, pronouncing someone guilty or pronouncing someone's husband
and wife.
2. METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
The data of this research are utterances of speakers when the conversation
of pre-weddding of Toba Batak society called marhusip went on. The data
analyzed are the transcript of the conversation. The instrument used in this study is
Video Camera to observe the participants doing the conversation and their
behavior in speech act of Marhusip in Toba Batak society.
The data are collected using the theory of Miles and Huberman’s (1988: 23)
model. The two theories are used to analyze the data descriptively. The data are
collected through recording the conventional sound of speech act used by the Toba
Batak society in Marhusip. Then, the data were converted into a written
transcription. There are three steps of collecting the data applied in this study,
namely; record the participant’s conversation, transcribe the conversation, and
confirm the data as revealed.
The data are collected by recording. After that the writer listens to the
recording and repeats it more times so it can be understood clearly. The data is
reduced by analyzing it into the good transcript and display the data. Here, the data
is presented in tables. It aims to present the analysis of how the speech acts are
used and more dominant in Marhusip on Toba Batak society.
3. DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
In analyzing the data, the writer uses pragmatic method to analyze the
utterances of illocutionary acts by using Searle’s theory. The utterances are
identified based on the type of the illocutionary acts. The following are the
analysis of some utterances in the conversation:
Data 1 :
Nuaeng raja dongan sahuta nami, huboto hami sian hula-hula nanidapot muna do
angka dongan sahuta nami dison, nga dison be hami amangboru. Boha hamuna
dohot rombongan mu, on na ma?
1873
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
English Equivalence :
Now, our village community kings, our hula-hula has informed us that you have
found our village community here, we are here now amangboru. How about your
group, are these all?
Data 1 shows directive in a form of asking. The prospective bridegroom
speaker asks the prospective bride to get attention to start the conversation and to
make sure that the prospective bride groups are ready to start the conversation.
Data 2 :
Mauliate ma di hamu raja nami hula-hula Marga Sianturi Ianggo hami nunga
singkop be hami.
English Equivalence:
We say thanks to all of you our hula-hula. We are here all now.
The types of speech act in the utterance above is expressive in a form of
thanking. It show that the prospective bride say thanks to prospective bridegroom
groups for they are ready to begin the conversation.
Data 3:
Mauliate ma amangboru. Jadi dison do hamu nuaeng dongan sahuta nami. Nga
tangkas tabereng naeng haroro ni pamoruon nami na ro mandapothon hita tu
tonga ni bagasan on. Hupasahat hami ma tu hamu raja dongan sahuta nami
songon dia ma angka na biasa taulahon namardongan sahuta hita di luat tambak
ta on.
English Equivalence:
Thanks to our amangboru
You are here now our village friends. We have seen exactly that our boru has
come to visit us in this house. We give the time to our king village friends to
explain about our habbit’s doing as village friends on our community.
The types of speech acts in data 3 is directive. It can be seen from the
utterance “Hupasahat hami ma tu hamu raja dongan sahuta nami songon dia ma
angka na biasa taulahon namardongan sahuta hita di luat tambak ta on. We give
the time to our king village friends to explain about our habbit’s doing as village
friends on our community. The speaker gives suggestion to village friends speaker.
It is a direction what the village friend speaker will do.
Data 4 :
Jadi mauliate ma di hamu dongan sahuta. On pe tu hamu angka amang boru
dohot namboru nami, nunga tangkas dibege hamu soara ni dongan sahuta nami.
patangkas hamuma haroro muna songon dia do na naeng sihatahon muna.
English Equivalence:
Thanks to our village friend. And now to our amangboru and namboru, you have
heard the suggestion of our village friends. Please explain us what is your purpose
and tell us what do you want to tell about.
1874
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
From the types of speech acts, it is directive in this utterance “patangkas
hamuma haroro muna songon dia do na naeng sihatahon muna. Please explain us
what is your purpose and tell us what you want to tell about “suggests the
prospective bride speaker to explain what is their purpose.
Data 5 :
Jadi andorang so huhatahon hami haroro nami, asa tangkas. jadi boha do,
dongan sahuta majo nian?
English Equivalence:
Before we tell about our purpose tocome here, we want to know is the turn of
village friend the first ?
This utterance is directive. The utterance tells that the prospective broom
ask whose turn to talk at first.
Data 6 :
Eh..eh… eh…..Ai so adong dope silehonon muna nuaeng. Jadi haduanma.
English Equivalence:
Eh..eh..eh.. there is no one that you will give now. It is for the next.
From the types of speech acts, it is assertive. The village community’s
speaker says the truth to the the prospective broom about the right one that they
must do on next step.
Data 7 :
Oh ido ate. Jadi mauliate ma. Hula-hula nami, ia hami tung las roha nami,
marhahipason hamu dapot hami, songon i nang hami marhahipason. Alai songon
dalan nami tiur mandapothon raja i, adong na laho sihusiphonon tu Raja i. Raja
nami! Adong hata ni pandohan ni natua-tua “Sai jolo ni nangnang ninna asa ni
nungnung ba jolo pinangan ma jolo disungkkun”. Songon singkap ni lampet Raja
nami adong dison huboan hami. Ba jolo tapangan ma ra Raja nami ra baru pe
anon muse hita manghatai. Songoni ma boa-boa sian hami.
English Equivalence:
Oh, I see. Thanks. Our hula-hula, we are glad, for we meet you health, like us
health too. But as our light way to meet the king, there are something that we want
to whisper to our king. Our king! As the parents proverb “ the first is nangnang
and then nungnung , eat first and then you ask”. Like the substitute of lappet, here
our jing, there is something we bring. So we eat it the first after that we continue to
talk, our king. Here is our information.
The speech acts in the utterance above is assertive. The utterance “Songon
singkap ni lampet Rajanami adong dison huboan hami. Ba jolo tapangan ma ra
Raja nami ra baru pe anon muse hita manghatai. ”. Like the substitute of lappet,
here our jing, there is something we bring. So we eat it the first after that we
continue to talk, our king” suggests the audience to eat first before they begin to
talk in Marhusip.
1875
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
Data 8 :
Gabe jala horas ma amang boru. Memang ido. Nga marsitandaan hita nasaleleng
on. Nauli na denggan ma amang boru. Jadi ima ate. Inama ra, ate. Jolo pasahaton
muna ma, anon ma dipatupa.
English Equivalence:
Many descendant and be health for us amangboru. It is true. We have known each
other for several times. It is good amangboru. It is the time. Give it first, and then
it will be serve.
From the types of speech acts, it is directive. The utterance “Gabe jala
horas ma amangboru. Memang ido. Nga marsitandaan hita nasaleleng on. Nauli
na denggan ma amang boru. Jadi ima ate. Inama ra, ate. Jolo pasahaton muna
ma, anon ma dipatupa. Many descendant and be health for us amangboru. It is
true. We have known each other for several times. It is good amangboru. It is the
time. Give it first, and then it will serve “ confirms that the relationship between
two sides is good and the speaker from the women side suggests the man side to
give their tudu-tudu sipanganon.
Data 9 :
Ba dos rohanta Raja nami. Ba songon dia ma hira na masa.
English Equivalence:
We are agree each other our king. How will it happen?
The types of speech acts is directive. The utterance “Ba dos rohanta Raja
nami. Ba songon dia ma hira na masa. We are agree each other our king. How
will it happen? shows that the man side asks the habbits that happened on that
location from the village friends speaker.
Data 10 :
Jolo dipatupa ma, ganti ni lampet doi, ba diboan ma tu ahai.
English Equivalence:
It serves first, the changes of lappet, take it now.
From the types of speech acts, it is assertive. The utterance “Jolo dipatupa
ma, ganti nilampet doi, ba diboan ma tu ahai. It serves first, the changes of lappet,
take it now” shows village friends speaker states their request.
Data 11 :
Jadi mauliate ma di Tuhanta, mauliate di hita. Tangkas do songon na nidokmuna i
pinampul andohor bontar gotana, sada anak sada boru do namardongan sahuta
nangpe asing-asing margana iala madabu jarum tu napoppop ndang niida ni
mata niida ni roha. Marhite hata ni tondongta nangkinan hira dapot roha do
saotik maksud dan tujuan, alai annon pe dipatangkas nasida. Jadi sian i tarida
rupani ulaon on ulaon di jabu. Bangkona mai molo ulaon di jabu, molo boi tutu
molo tolap sai dongan sahuta do namanungkun. Jadi di hamu tutur nami, ito ma
hudok ate. Nunga marpungu hita di jabu namarampang marjual on sigomgom
1876
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
pangisina on, jala nunga butong mangan hita sada paloppa na tabo. Pamurnas tu
daging mai, saudara tu bohi pasindak panaili mai sipaniangkon lobi tuhoron nami
ma songon daulat ni sipanganon ni bagot ni namarhalto ma narobean horas ma
hami antong namanghon tung gandana ma hamu namangalehon.
English Equivalence:
Thanks for God, and for us too. It is clear that you say the wood cuts the liquid.
We have the same son dan daughter as friend’s community although we are
different on sure name. if needle falled in plenty of bushes, in cannot be seen by
eyes. Through the statement that our family have just told, we have know its
meaning and purpose eventhough it will be explained by them next. From their
utterance, we can see the describing of home events. If it is held in house, the
friend’s community will asked it. Now on for our family, that is all what I want to
say. We have together in this house. We have so full for eat te delicious foods that
you have brought. Hoping it will become a good health for our body. Big thanks
for you that served these foods. May God blesses you.
The utterances above contain expressive. The utterances above show that
the village’s friend speaker explain about what the woman side ask and then
village community feel satisfied for the foods that has been brought to make a
blessing words for that situation to show their thanking.
After analyzing all the utterances occurring in the conversation of
marhusip, then the result of the illocutionary analysis are tabulated as follows:
Table 3.1 The Illocutionary Acts of Conversation in the agenda of Marhusip
Data
Types of Illocutionary Acts
Assertive
Directive Commisive Expessive Declarative
1
√
2
√
3
√
4
√
5
√
6
√
7
√
8
√
9
√
10
√
11
√
12
√
13
√
14
√
15
√
16
√
17
√
18
√
1877
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
1878
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
1879
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
Total
%
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
41
33%
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
52
42
√
27
18%
4
4%
3
3%
Based on the table above, it can be seen that all the illocutionary acts are
used by the speakers of Toba Batak speaker in the conversation of pre-wedding
called marhusip, namely assertives, directives, commisives, expressives, and
declaratives. The most dominant is the directive (42%).
4. CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings above some conclusion can be drawn as followings:
1. The speakers of Toba Batak when interacting with the people from the
two sides (man and woman) in the pre-wedding conversation apply the
five types of illocutionary acts, i.e assertives, directives, commisives,
expressives, and declaratives.
1880
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
2. The most dominant type is directives, then followed by assertives,
commissives, expressive, and declaratives. The directives that occurred
are asking for something, making warnings, requesting, commandin;
assertive are suggesting and explaining; commissive are agreement and
planning; expressive is thanking; and declarative is declaration. It means
that directive especially asking for something is the most dominat coming
from the woman’s side to the man’s side.
REFERENCES
Austin, John L. 1962. How to do Things with Words. Oxford: Cornell University
Press.
Cohen, A. D. 1996. “Speech Acts”. S.L. McKay & N.H. Hornberger (Eds).
Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Grass & Susan.M. 1996. Speech Acts Across Cultures. New York : Mountun de
Ciruyter.
Miles, M. B. and Huberman, A. M. 1988. Qualitative Data Analysis. London:
Sage Publication.
Pardede, Hilman. 2012. The Analysis of Toba Batak Conversation. Singapore:
Singapore International Press.
Schiffrin, Deborah. 1994. Approaches discourse. Massa Chusetts: Blackwell.
Publisher.
Searle, J. 1969. “Indirect Speech Acts”. P.Cole & J. Morgan. (Ed). Syntax and
Semantics. New York: Academic Press.
1881
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203
VISI (2014) 22 (3) 1870-1881
1882
_____________
ISSN 0853-0203