The Utilization of Lidar Data for Directive Land Use in City of Dili.
THESIS
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
MANUEL DA COSTA XAVIER
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
THESIS
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
MANUEL DA COSTA XAVIER
NIM 1491261017
MASTER DEGREE PROGRAM
STUDY PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
i
THESIS
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
MANUEL DA COSTA XAVIER
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
THESIS
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
MANUEL DA COSTA XAVIER
NIM 1491261017
MASTER DEGREE PROGRAM
STUDY PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
i
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
Thesis to Get Master Degree
At Master Program on Environmental Science
Postgraduate Program Udayana University
MANUEL DA COSTA XAVIER
NIM 1491261017
MASTER DEGREE PROGRAM
STUDY PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
ii
AGREEMENT SHEET
THIS THESIS HAS BEEN APPROVED
ON JULY 19TH, 2016
First Supervisor,
Second Supervisor,
Ass. Prof. Dr. Takahiro Osawa
Dr. Ir. I Made Adhika, MSP
NIP.195912311986011003
Knowing,
Head of Graduate Study
on Environmental Science
Postgraduate Program
Udayana University
Prof.Dr.Ir.I Wayan Nuarsa,M.Si.
NIP. 196805111993031003
Director of
Postgraduate Program
Udayana University
Prof.Dr.dr.A.A.Raka Sudewi, Sp.S.(K)
NIP. 195902151985102001
iii
Thesis Has Been Examined and Assessed By the
Examiner Committees of Postgraduate Program
Udayana University on July 14th, 2016
Based on the Letter of Agreement from Rector Udayana University
Number
Date
: 3108/UN.14.4/HK/2016
: July 1th, 2016
The Examiner Committees are:
Head of Examiner
: Ass. Prof. Dr.Takahiro Osawa
Members
:
1. Dr. Ir. I Made Adhika, MSP.
2. Prof. Dr. Ir. I Nyoman Rai, MS.
3. Prof. Dr. Ir. I Wayan Nuarsa, M.Si.
iv
STATEMENT FREE FROM PLAGIARISM
The undersigned below:
Name
: Manuel Da Costa Xavier
NIM
: 1491261017
Date of Birth : Lospalos, April 16th 1981
Address
: Jl. Waturenggong no 64, Denpasar
Thesis Title
: LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR DATA
IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
Hereby declare that the scientific work is plagiarism free. If in the future
prove to have plagiarism in scientific work, and then I am willing to accept
sanctions in accordance with the regulations of the Minister of Republic Indonesia
number 17 in 2010 and regulations applicable in the Republic of Indonesia.
Denpasar, July 2016
I respectfully,
Manuel Da Costa Xavier
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Praise to Almighty God for Blessing the author in finishing this thesis. The
title of this thesis is “LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE”.
In this opportunity, the author would like to acknowledge:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Prof. Dr. dr.Ketut Suastika, Sp.PD-KEMD. as Rector of Udayana
University.
Prof. Dr. dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi, Sp.S (K). as Director of Postgraduate
Program Udayana University.
Prof. Dr. Ir. I Wayan Nuarsa, M.Si. as Head of Graduate Study of
Environmental Science Udayana University.
Prof. Tasuku Tanaka as Director of Centre on Remote Sensing and ocean
Science (CreSOS) Udayana University for the Support and Suggestions.
Ass. Prof. Dr. Takahiro Osawa, Dr. Ir. I Made Adhika, MSP, Prof. Dr. Ir. I
Nyoman Rai, MS and Prof. Dr. Ir. I Wayan Nuarsa, M.Si. as an
examination committee members for the correction and suggestions to
improve this thesis.
The Government of Timor-Leste which support the author for given a
Scholarship to Study in Postgraduate Program of Environmental Sciences,
University of Udayana, in Environmental Remote Sensing Concentration.
Parents, family, and friends who praying, helping, supporting, and
encouraging the author until this thesis can be finished.
Finally, especially my wife, my daughter ‘PANARATU’ and my son
‘ZEIS’
The author realized that this thesis is far from perfection and need to be
improved. Therefore the author will appreciate all of the constructive criticism
and suggestion to report thesis more perfect.
Denpasar, July 2016
Author
vi
ABSTRAK
PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN MENGGUNAKAN
DATA LIDAR DI KOTA DILI, TIMOR-LESTE
Kota Dili sebagai ibu kota Negara Timor-Leste, dengan penggunaan perubahan
lahan yang cukup pesat, sementara itu Kota Dili lahannya terbatas dan belum ada
rencana tata ruang kota. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk identifikasi perubahan
lahan pada tahun 2001-2014 dan klasifikasi penggunaan lahan secara detail tahun
2014. Metode penelitian ini memanfaatkan data Lidar (foto udara, 2014) dengan
digitasi dan pendekatan system informasi geografis (SIG), untuk data yang
digunakan adalah peta penggunaan lahan tahun 2001 dengan skala 1:50.000 dan
interpretasi foto aerial 2014. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan di kota Dili selama
2001-2014 dari 5 klasifikasi sebagai berikut: peningkatan luas kawasan bukan
lahan pertanian (251.22 ha, 19.35%), untuk kawasan lahan yang berkurang yaitu
kawasan hijau (-140.17 ha, 24.34% ), kawasan pasir (-4.92 ha, 58.22%), Kawasan
pertanian (-47.97 ha , 54.14%), dan penyebaran pepohonan (58.16 ha, 1.87%).
Untuk hasil detail dari klasifikasi bukan lahan pertanian adalah pola pemukiman
(56.46 ha, 3.79%), kawasan kantor pemerintahan (9.17 ha, 0.61%), kawasan
pendidikan (56.46 ha, 3.64%), kawasan kesehatan (7.50 ha, 0.50%), kawasan
perdagangan dan jasa (15.90 ha, 1.07%), kawasan warisan sejarah (49.26 ha,
3.38%) dan pemukiman selama kemerdekaan (1,405.53 ha, 90.71%) Penyebab
dari perubahan lahan karena kota Dili sebagai ibu kota negara, pusat
pemerintahan, perdagangan dan jasa, pendidikan, pariwisata. Oleh karena itu
dengan memanfaatkan data Lidar dapat menidentifikasi perubahan penggunaan
lahan dan detail penggunaan lahan yang tidak sesuai pemanfaatannya dan
memberikan penataan yang lebih baik di masa yang akan datang.
Kata Kunci: Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan, Data Lidar, Sistem Informasi
Geografis (SIG)
vii
ABSTRACT
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
Dili city as the capital of the State of Timor-Leste, with a fairly rapid land use
change, while in Dili city land is limited and there has been no the city spatial
plans. This study was conducted to identify land use change in 2001-2014 and
land use classification in detail in 2014. This research method used with digital
image to display on the screen and interpretation of aerial photographs in 2014 as
well as the approach of the geographical information system (GIS), for the data
used is the land use map in 2001 with a scale of 1:50,000. These results indicate
the city of Dili during in 2001-2014 for five classifications as follows: increase
the area of the settlement (251.22 ha, 19.35%), for the region decreased by a green
area (-140.17 ha, 2.344 %), sand area (-4.92 ha, 58.22%), agriculture land (-47.97
ha, 54.14 %), and scattered trees (-58.16 ha, 1.87%). The detailed results of the
classification are not agricultural land: settlement pattern (5.61 ha, 0.38 %),
government offices area (9.17 ha, 0.61%), education area (56.46 ha, 3.79%),
health area (7.50 ha, 0.50%), commerce and services area (15.90 ha, 1.07%),
historical heritages area (49.26 ha, 3.30%) as well as residencies area after
independence time (1,405.53 ha, 90.71%). The cause of the change of land for the
city of Dili, the state capital, the center of government, trade and services center,
an education center and a tourism center. Therefore, by utilizing Lidar data can
identify land use changes and land use detail not in accordance utilization and
provide arrangement in the future.
Keywords: Land Use Change, Lidar Data, and Geographical Information System
(GIS)
viii
SUMMARY
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
Timor-Leste, as a new nation has experienced rapid development and
growth of urban population in the past few years. There are two things which
cause the resident come and lived in urban areas: pull factors and push factors.
Pull factor involves high level of service in urban public facilities, high income
levels, accessibilities, and size of opportunities to improve the self-identity. Push
factor of rural areas includes the low level of public services, low income, the
difficulty of economic development, and the reduction in productive agricultural
land as submitted. Dili is one of the cities in Timor-Leste that consists of 4 Subdistricts/Administrative post consisting of 22 villages.
This study is remote sensing (Lidar data) and geographic information
system (GIS) methods were employed. The identification and interpretation
manual can also be made to the digital image to display on the screen with the
GIS approach and map of land use in 2001 and also aerial photos in 2014, by five
categories. Remote Sensing and GIS can be processed and mapped according to
land use change (2001-2014) and detail classification land use in 2014. The data
used in this research are land use inventory map which was collected by The
relevant agencies such as the Ministry of Public Works (National Director of
Housing and Urban Planning), Ministry of Justice (National Land Agency),
Ministry of Energy Natural Resources (Institute of Petroleum and Geology),
Ministry of Education and reports of study of the Dili Urban Master Plan for the
city and several studies on land use performed by Universities, Private Institutions
and Government Agencies. With those mentioned above in mind, the objective of
this study are: (1) To identify the land use change and area in 2001-2014 using
Lidar data in Dili city.(2)To detect land use classification in 2014 using Lidar data
in Dili city.
The result of this research shown that based on the land use change, there
is an increased non-agriculture land by 251.22 ha (19.35%), decreased areas of
evergreens by (-) 140.17 ha (24.34%), sand area by (-) 4.92 ha (58.22%),
agriculture land by (-) 47.97 ha (54.14%) and scattered trees by (-) 58.16 ha
(1.87%). The detail classifications that are non-agricultural land are as follows:
settlement pattern area (5.61 ha, 0.38%), government office area (9.17 ha, 0.61%),
education area (56.46 ha, 3.79%), health area (7.50 ha, 0.50%), commerce and
services area (15.90 ha, 1.07%), historical heritages area (49.26 ha, 3.30%) and
residencies area after independence time 1,405.53 ha 90.71%)
To use Lidar data of 2014 is very important to identify land use change
and detail classification for the area of agriculture and non-agriculture land. Dili is
the capital of Timor-Leste. Therefore it needs rules, supervision and
comprehensive plan as well as improvements or arrangement in accordance with
the land use zoning.
ix
LIST OF CONTENTS
Pages
INSIDE COVER…………………………………………………………………...i
PREREQUISITES DEGREE……………………………………………………..ii
AGREEMENT SHEET…………………………………………………………..iii
APPROVED BY COMMITTEES………………………………………………..iv
STATEMENT FREE FROM PLAGIARISM…………………………………….v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………………………………….vi
ABSTRAK……………………………………………………………………….vii
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………….viii
SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………....ix
LIST OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………….x
LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………………...xii
LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………..xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS…………………………………………………...xiv
LIST OF APPENDIXS…………………………………………………………..xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION………………………………………...............1
1.1
Background………………………………………………..1
1.2
Problems Formulation..........................................................4
1.3
Objectives of Research…………………………………….5
1.4
Benefits of Research..……………………………………..5
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................6
2.1
Land Use…………………………………………………..6
2.1 Remote Sensing and Lidar Data…………………………....7
2.2.1 Remote Sensing……………………………….…...7
2.2.2 Lidar Data………………………………………….8
2.3
GIS (Geography Information System)…...........................10
2.4
Previous Research…………………………………..……12
CHAPTER III FRAMEWORK OF RESEARCH………………………….…....14
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH METHODS………………………………………..16
4.1 General Description of the Research Location…………..16
4.2 Research Methods………………………..........................19
4.3 Data Sources……………………………………………...19
4.4.1 Primary Data Sources…………………………….19
4.4.2 Secondary Data Sources……………………….....19
4.4 Tools of Research………………………………….……..20
4.5 Procedures of Research…………………..........................20
4.6 Data Analysis…………………………………………….21
x
CHAPTER V RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS………………………..……..22
5.1 Land Use………………………………………………....22
5.1.1 Non Agriculture Land…….……………………...22
5.1.2 Evergreen Area…………………………………..23
5.1.3 Sand Area………………………………………...24
5.1.4 Agriculture Land…………………………….…...24
5.1.5 Scattered Trees...………………………………....25
5.2
Land Use Change………………………………………...27
5.2.1 Change of Non Agriculture Land (2014-2001)…..27
5.2.2 Change of Evergreen Area (2014-2001)…….…...28
5.2.3 Change of Sand Area (2014-2001)..................…...29
5.2.4 Change of Agriculture Land (2014-2001)………..29
5.2.5 Change of Scattered Trees (2014-2001)…….…....30
5.3 Detail Classifications in 2014……………………………35
5.3.1 Non Agriculture …...…………………………….36
5.3.1.1 Settlement Pattern………………………..36
5.3.1.2 Public Facilities and Services……………40
5.3.1.3 Commerce and Service…………………..48
5.3.1.4 Historical and Cultural Heritages………...50
5.3.2 Agriculture Land…………………………………53
5.3.3 Protect Area………………………………………55
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS……………….………58
5.1 Conclusions..................................................................…...58
5.2 Suggestions……………………………………….............59
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………...60
APPENDIXS……………………………………………………………………..63
xi
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
4.1
4.2
4.3
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
Sub-Districts, Villages, and Aldeias……………………………………...17
Data Sources of Research……………………………………………........20
Tools of Research………………………………………….. …………....20
Change of Land Use (2014-2001)………………………………………...34
Detail Classification in 2014……………………………………………...35
Typical Settlement Pattern by Two Areas Based on
Different Historical……………………………………………………….36
Unplanned Settlement of Independence Time……………………............39
Government Administrative Facilities in Dili City.……………………....42
Number of Schools by Administrative Post…………………………........44
Health Service Facilities………………………………………………….47
Environmental Protected Area in Dili City.…………………………........56
Land Use Improvement/arrange ...………………………………………..57
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
1.1
3.1
4.1
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
5.21
5.22
5.23
5.24
5.25
5.26
5.27
5.28
5.29
Pages
Zonation (Environment and Urban Planning Dili,
Master plan in 1972)……………………………………….. ……………..1
Framework of Research………………………………………………….15
Map of Research Location……………………………………………….18
Map of Land Use in 2001……………………………...............................22
Map of Non Agriculture Land in 2001…………………………………..23
Map of Evergreen Area in 2001………………..……………………….. 23
Map of Sand Area in 2001..................................................................…...24
Map of Agriculture Land in 2001……….……………………………….25
Map of Scattered Trees in 2001…………………………………….…....25
Map of Land Use in 2001………………………………………………...26
Lidar Data (Aerial Photo, 2014)…….……………………………………27
Change of Non Agriculture Land in 2014…………………..……………28
Change of Evergreen Area in 2014………………………………………28
Change of Sand Area in 2014……………………………………………29
Change of Agriculture Land in 2014………………………………….…30
Change of Scattered Trees in 2014……………………………………....31
Map of Land Use in 2014………………………………………………...32
Map of Land Use Change in 2014-2001…………………………………33
Location of Settlement Pattern…………………………………………...40
Identification & National Offices, District & Sub Districts……………...41
Identification Village Offices…………………………………………….41
Identification of Ministerial Offices……………………………………..42
Direction of Arrangement Government Administration Facilities………43
School Buildings (Basic, Primary, Secondary and Technical)…………..44
Identification of University and Institution………………………………46
Distribution of the Health Facilities……………………………………...47
Location of Commerce’s and Services…………………………………..49
Historical and Culture Heritages…………………………………………51
Arrange to Historical Center Conservation Zone………………………...53
Identification of Agriculture Land……………………………………….54
Direction of Agriculture and Plantation Area……………………………55
Map of Protect Area………...……………………………………………56
xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CBD
: Central Business District
DEM
: Digital Elevation Models
DSM
: Digital Surface Models
DTM
: Digital Terrain Models
DNE
: National Directorate of Environment
ESRI
: Environment System Research Institute
FAO
: Food and Agriculture Organization
GPS
: Global Positioning System
IFC
: International Finance Corporation
JICA
: Japan International Cooperation Agency
LIDAR
: Light Detection and Ranging
MOTAC
: Ministry of Tourism, Arts, and Culture
NESP
: National Education Strategic Plan 2011-2030
NHSSP
: National Health Sector strategic Plan 2011-2030
SEAC
: State Secretariat of Arts and Culture
SDP
: Strategic Development Plan 2011-2030
SIG
: Geographic Information System
SRTM
: Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission
RTRWK
: City Spatial Planning
UTM
: Universal Transverse Mercator
UNTAET
: United Nationals Transitional Administration in East Timor
xiv
LIST OF APPENDIXS
Pages
Appendix 1 Non Agriculture Land in 2001………..…………………………….63
Appendix 2 Evergreen Area in 2001……………………………………………..70
Appendix 3 Sand Area in 2001…………………………………………………..72
Appendix 4 Agriculture Land in 2001…………………………………………...72
Appendix 5 Scattered Trees in 2001……………………………..………………73
Appendix 6 Non Agriculture Land in 2014………………...……………………75
Appendix 7 Change of Evergreen Area in 2014…………………………….…...76
Appendix 8 Change of Sand Area in 2014……………………………………….76
Appendix 9 Change of Agriculture Land in 2014………………………….….…76
Appendix 10 Change of Scattered Trees in 2014……………….……….……….77
Appendix 11 Classifications in Detail (2014)……………………………………7
xv
1
1
THESIS
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
MANUEL DA COSTA XAVIER
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
THESIS
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
MANUEL DA COSTA XAVIER
NIM 1491261017
MASTER DEGREE PROGRAM
STUDY PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
i
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
Thesis to Get Master Degree
At Master Program on Environmental Science
Postgraduate Program Udayana University
MANUEL DA COSTA XAVIER
NIM 1491261017
MASTER DEGREE PROGRAM
STUDY PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
ii
AGREEMENT SHEET
THIS THESIS HAS BEEN APPROVED
ON JULY 19TH, 2016
First Supervisor,
Second Supervisor,
Ass. Prof. Dr. Takahiro Osawa
Dr. Ir. I Made Adhika, MSP
NIP.195912311986011003
Knowing,
Head of Graduate Study
on Environmental Science
Postgraduate Program
Udayana University
Prof.Dr.Ir.I Wayan Nuarsa,M.Si.
NIP. 196805111993031003
Director of
Postgraduate Program
Udayana University
Prof.Dr.dr.A.A.Raka Sudewi, Sp.S.(K)
NIP. 195902151985102001
iii
Thesis Has Been Examined and Assessed By the
Examiner Committees of Postgraduate Program
Udayana University on July 14th, 2016
Based on the Letter of Agreement from Rector Udayana University
Number
Date
: 3108/UN.14.4/HK/2016
: July 1th, 2016
The Examiner Committees are:
Head of Examiner
: Ass. Prof. Dr.Takahiro Osawa
Members
:
1. Dr. Ir. I Made Adhika, MSP.
2. Prof. Dr. Ir. I Nyoman Rai, MS.
3. Prof. Dr. Ir. I Wayan Nuarsa, M.Si.
iv
STATEMENT FREE FROM PLAGIARISM
The undersigned below:
Name
: Manuel Da Costa Xavier
NIM
: 1491261017
Date of Birth : Lospalos, April 16th 1981
Address
: Jl. Waturenggong no 64, Denpasar
Thesis Title
: LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR DATA
IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
Hereby declare that the scientific work is plagiarism free. If in the future
prove to have plagiarism in scientific work, and then I am willing to accept
sanctions in accordance with the regulations of the Minister of Republic Indonesia
number 17 in 2010 and regulations applicable in the Republic of Indonesia.
Denpasar, July 2016
I respectfully,
Manuel Da Costa Xavier
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Praise to Almighty God for Blessing the author in finishing this thesis. The
title of this thesis is “LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE”.
In this opportunity, the author would like to acknowledge:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Prof. Dr. dr.Ketut Suastika, Sp.PD-KEMD. as Rector of Udayana
University.
Prof. Dr. dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi, Sp.S (K). as Director of Postgraduate
Program Udayana University.
Prof. Dr. Ir. I Wayan Nuarsa, M.Si. as Head of Graduate Study of
Environmental Science Udayana University.
Prof. Tasuku Tanaka as Director of Centre on Remote Sensing and ocean
Science (CreSOS) Udayana University for the Support and Suggestions.
Ass. Prof. Dr. Takahiro Osawa, Dr. Ir. I Made Adhika, MSP, Prof. Dr. Ir. I
Nyoman Rai, MS and Prof. Dr. Ir. I Wayan Nuarsa, M.Si. as an
examination committee members for the correction and suggestions to
improve this thesis.
The Government of Timor-Leste which support the author for given a
Scholarship to Study in Postgraduate Program of Environmental Sciences,
University of Udayana, in Environmental Remote Sensing Concentration.
Parents, family, and friends who praying, helping, supporting, and
encouraging the author until this thesis can be finished.
Finally, especially my wife, my daughter ‘PANARATU’ and my son
‘ZEIS’
The author realized that this thesis is far from perfection and need to be
improved. Therefore the author will appreciate all of the constructive criticism
and suggestion to report thesis more perfect.
Denpasar, July 2016
Author
vi
ABSTRAK
PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN MENGGUNAKAN
DATA LIDAR DI KOTA DILI, TIMOR-LESTE
Kota Dili sebagai ibu kota Negara Timor-Leste, dengan penggunaan perubahan
lahan yang cukup pesat, sementara itu Kota Dili lahannya terbatas dan belum ada
rencana tata ruang kota. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk identifikasi perubahan
lahan pada tahun 2001-2014 dan klasifikasi penggunaan lahan secara detail tahun
2014. Metode penelitian ini memanfaatkan data Lidar (foto udara, 2014) dengan
digitasi dan pendekatan system informasi geografis (SIG), untuk data yang
digunakan adalah peta penggunaan lahan tahun 2001 dengan skala 1:50.000 dan
interpretasi foto aerial 2014. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan di kota Dili selama
2001-2014 dari 5 klasifikasi sebagai berikut: peningkatan luas kawasan bukan
lahan pertanian (251.22 ha, 19.35%), untuk kawasan lahan yang berkurang yaitu
kawasan hijau (-140.17 ha, 24.34% ), kawasan pasir (-4.92 ha, 58.22%), Kawasan
pertanian (-47.97 ha , 54.14%), dan penyebaran pepohonan (58.16 ha, 1.87%).
Untuk hasil detail dari klasifikasi bukan lahan pertanian adalah pola pemukiman
(56.46 ha, 3.79%), kawasan kantor pemerintahan (9.17 ha, 0.61%), kawasan
pendidikan (56.46 ha, 3.64%), kawasan kesehatan (7.50 ha, 0.50%), kawasan
perdagangan dan jasa (15.90 ha, 1.07%), kawasan warisan sejarah (49.26 ha,
3.38%) dan pemukiman selama kemerdekaan (1,405.53 ha, 90.71%) Penyebab
dari perubahan lahan karena kota Dili sebagai ibu kota negara, pusat
pemerintahan, perdagangan dan jasa, pendidikan, pariwisata. Oleh karena itu
dengan memanfaatkan data Lidar dapat menidentifikasi perubahan penggunaan
lahan dan detail penggunaan lahan yang tidak sesuai pemanfaatannya dan
memberikan penataan yang lebih baik di masa yang akan datang.
Kata Kunci: Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan, Data Lidar, Sistem Informasi
Geografis (SIG)
vii
ABSTRACT
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
Dili city as the capital of the State of Timor-Leste, with a fairly rapid land use
change, while in Dili city land is limited and there has been no the city spatial
plans. This study was conducted to identify land use change in 2001-2014 and
land use classification in detail in 2014. This research method used with digital
image to display on the screen and interpretation of aerial photographs in 2014 as
well as the approach of the geographical information system (GIS), for the data
used is the land use map in 2001 with a scale of 1:50,000. These results indicate
the city of Dili during in 2001-2014 for five classifications as follows: increase
the area of the settlement (251.22 ha, 19.35%), for the region decreased by a green
area (-140.17 ha, 2.344 %), sand area (-4.92 ha, 58.22%), agriculture land (-47.97
ha, 54.14 %), and scattered trees (-58.16 ha, 1.87%). The detailed results of the
classification are not agricultural land: settlement pattern (5.61 ha, 0.38 %),
government offices area (9.17 ha, 0.61%), education area (56.46 ha, 3.79%),
health area (7.50 ha, 0.50%), commerce and services area (15.90 ha, 1.07%),
historical heritages area (49.26 ha, 3.30%) as well as residencies area after
independence time (1,405.53 ha, 90.71%). The cause of the change of land for the
city of Dili, the state capital, the center of government, trade and services center,
an education center and a tourism center. Therefore, by utilizing Lidar data can
identify land use changes and land use detail not in accordance utilization and
provide arrangement in the future.
Keywords: Land Use Change, Lidar Data, and Geographical Information System
(GIS)
viii
SUMMARY
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
Timor-Leste, as a new nation has experienced rapid development and
growth of urban population in the past few years. There are two things which
cause the resident come and lived in urban areas: pull factors and push factors.
Pull factor involves high level of service in urban public facilities, high income
levels, accessibilities, and size of opportunities to improve the self-identity. Push
factor of rural areas includes the low level of public services, low income, the
difficulty of economic development, and the reduction in productive agricultural
land as submitted. Dili is one of the cities in Timor-Leste that consists of 4 Subdistricts/Administrative post consisting of 22 villages.
This study is remote sensing (Lidar data) and geographic information
system (GIS) methods were employed. The identification and interpretation
manual can also be made to the digital image to display on the screen with the
GIS approach and map of land use in 2001 and also aerial photos in 2014, by five
categories. Remote Sensing and GIS can be processed and mapped according to
land use change (2001-2014) and detail classification land use in 2014. The data
used in this research are land use inventory map which was collected by The
relevant agencies such as the Ministry of Public Works (National Director of
Housing and Urban Planning), Ministry of Justice (National Land Agency),
Ministry of Energy Natural Resources (Institute of Petroleum and Geology),
Ministry of Education and reports of study of the Dili Urban Master Plan for the
city and several studies on land use performed by Universities, Private Institutions
and Government Agencies. With those mentioned above in mind, the objective of
this study are: (1) To identify the land use change and area in 2001-2014 using
Lidar data in Dili city.(2)To detect land use classification in 2014 using Lidar data
in Dili city.
The result of this research shown that based on the land use change, there
is an increased non-agriculture land by 251.22 ha (19.35%), decreased areas of
evergreens by (-) 140.17 ha (24.34%), sand area by (-) 4.92 ha (58.22%),
agriculture land by (-) 47.97 ha (54.14%) and scattered trees by (-) 58.16 ha
(1.87%). The detail classifications that are non-agricultural land are as follows:
settlement pattern area (5.61 ha, 0.38%), government office area (9.17 ha, 0.61%),
education area (56.46 ha, 3.79%), health area (7.50 ha, 0.50%), commerce and
services area (15.90 ha, 1.07%), historical heritages area (49.26 ha, 3.30%) and
residencies area after independence time 1,405.53 ha 90.71%)
To use Lidar data of 2014 is very important to identify land use change
and detail classification for the area of agriculture and non-agriculture land. Dili is
the capital of Timor-Leste. Therefore it needs rules, supervision and
comprehensive plan as well as improvements or arrangement in accordance with
the land use zoning.
ix
LIST OF CONTENTS
Pages
INSIDE COVER…………………………………………………………………...i
PREREQUISITES DEGREE……………………………………………………..ii
AGREEMENT SHEET…………………………………………………………..iii
APPROVED BY COMMITTEES………………………………………………..iv
STATEMENT FREE FROM PLAGIARISM…………………………………….v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………………………………….vi
ABSTRAK……………………………………………………………………….vii
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………….viii
SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………....ix
LIST OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………….x
LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………………...xii
LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………..xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS…………………………………………………...xiv
LIST OF APPENDIXS…………………………………………………………..xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION………………………………………...............1
1.1
Background………………………………………………..1
1.2
Problems Formulation..........................................................4
1.3
Objectives of Research…………………………………….5
1.4
Benefits of Research..……………………………………..5
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................6
2.1
Land Use…………………………………………………..6
2.1 Remote Sensing and Lidar Data…………………………....7
2.2.1 Remote Sensing……………………………….…...7
2.2.2 Lidar Data………………………………………….8
2.3
GIS (Geography Information System)…...........................10
2.4
Previous Research…………………………………..……12
CHAPTER III FRAMEWORK OF RESEARCH………………………….…....14
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH METHODS………………………………………..16
4.1 General Description of the Research Location…………..16
4.2 Research Methods………………………..........................19
4.3 Data Sources……………………………………………...19
4.4.1 Primary Data Sources…………………………….19
4.4.2 Secondary Data Sources……………………….....19
4.4 Tools of Research………………………………….……..20
4.5 Procedures of Research…………………..........................20
4.6 Data Analysis…………………………………………….21
x
CHAPTER V RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS………………………..……..22
5.1 Land Use………………………………………………....22
5.1.1 Non Agriculture Land…….……………………...22
5.1.2 Evergreen Area…………………………………..23
5.1.3 Sand Area………………………………………...24
5.1.4 Agriculture Land…………………………….…...24
5.1.5 Scattered Trees...………………………………....25
5.2
Land Use Change………………………………………...27
5.2.1 Change of Non Agriculture Land (2014-2001)…..27
5.2.2 Change of Evergreen Area (2014-2001)…….…...28
5.2.3 Change of Sand Area (2014-2001)..................…...29
5.2.4 Change of Agriculture Land (2014-2001)………..29
5.2.5 Change of Scattered Trees (2014-2001)…….…....30
5.3 Detail Classifications in 2014……………………………35
5.3.1 Non Agriculture …...…………………………….36
5.3.1.1 Settlement Pattern………………………..36
5.3.1.2 Public Facilities and Services……………40
5.3.1.3 Commerce and Service…………………..48
5.3.1.4 Historical and Cultural Heritages………...50
5.3.2 Agriculture Land…………………………………53
5.3.3 Protect Area………………………………………55
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS……………….………58
5.1 Conclusions..................................................................…...58
5.2 Suggestions……………………………………….............59
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………...60
APPENDIXS……………………………………………………………………..63
xi
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
4.1
4.2
4.3
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
Sub-Districts, Villages, and Aldeias……………………………………...17
Data Sources of Research……………………………………………........20
Tools of Research………………………………………….. …………....20
Change of Land Use (2014-2001)………………………………………...34
Detail Classification in 2014……………………………………………...35
Typical Settlement Pattern by Two Areas Based on
Different Historical……………………………………………………….36
Unplanned Settlement of Independence Time……………………............39
Government Administrative Facilities in Dili City.……………………....42
Number of Schools by Administrative Post…………………………........44
Health Service Facilities………………………………………………….47
Environmental Protected Area in Dili City.…………………………........56
Land Use Improvement/arrange ...………………………………………..57
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
1.1
3.1
4.1
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
5.21
5.22
5.23
5.24
5.25
5.26
5.27
5.28
5.29
Pages
Zonation (Environment and Urban Planning Dili,
Master plan in 1972)……………………………………….. ……………..1
Framework of Research………………………………………………….15
Map of Research Location……………………………………………….18
Map of Land Use in 2001……………………………...............................22
Map of Non Agriculture Land in 2001…………………………………..23
Map of Evergreen Area in 2001………………..……………………….. 23
Map of Sand Area in 2001..................................................................…...24
Map of Agriculture Land in 2001……….……………………………….25
Map of Scattered Trees in 2001…………………………………….…....25
Map of Land Use in 2001………………………………………………...26
Lidar Data (Aerial Photo, 2014)…….……………………………………27
Change of Non Agriculture Land in 2014…………………..……………28
Change of Evergreen Area in 2014………………………………………28
Change of Sand Area in 2014……………………………………………29
Change of Agriculture Land in 2014………………………………….…30
Change of Scattered Trees in 2014……………………………………....31
Map of Land Use in 2014………………………………………………...32
Map of Land Use Change in 2014-2001…………………………………33
Location of Settlement Pattern…………………………………………...40
Identification & National Offices, District & Sub Districts……………...41
Identification Village Offices…………………………………………….41
Identification of Ministerial Offices……………………………………..42
Direction of Arrangement Government Administration Facilities………43
School Buildings (Basic, Primary, Secondary and Technical)…………..44
Identification of University and Institution………………………………46
Distribution of the Health Facilities……………………………………...47
Location of Commerce’s and Services…………………………………..49
Historical and Culture Heritages…………………………………………51
Arrange to Historical Center Conservation Zone………………………...53
Identification of Agriculture Land……………………………………….54
Direction of Agriculture and Plantation Area……………………………55
Map of Protect Area………...……………………………………………56
xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CBD
: Central Business District
DEM
: Digital Elevation Models
DSM
: Digital Surface Models
DTM
: Digital Terrain Models
DNE
: National Directorate of Environment
ESRI
: Environment System Research Institute
FAO
: Food and Agriculture Organization
GPS
: Global Positioning System
IFC
: International Finance Corporation
JICA
: Japan International Cooperation Agency
LIDAR
: Light Detection and Ranging
MOTAC
: Ministry of Tourism, Arts, and Culture
NESP
: National Education Strategic Plan 2011-2030
NHSSP
: National Health Sector strategic Plan 2011-2030
SEAC
: State Secretariat of Arts and Culture
SDP
: Strategic Development Plan 2011-2030
SIG
: Geographic Information System
SRTM
: Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission
RTRWK
: City Spatial Planning
UTM
: Universal Transverse Mercator
UNTAET
: United Nationals Transitional Administration in East Timor
xiv
LIST OF APPENDIXS
Pages
Appendix 1 Non Agriculture Land in 2001………..…………………………….63
Appendix 2 Evergreen Area in 2001……………………………………………..70
Appendix 3 Sand Area in 2001…………………………………………………..72
Appendix 4 Agriculture Land in 2001…………………………………………...72
Appendix 5 Scattered Trees in 2001……………………………..………………73
Appendix 6 Non Agriculture Land in 2014………………...……………………75
Appendix 7 Change of Evergreen Area in 2014…………………………….…...76
Appendix 8 Change of Sand Area in 2014……………………………………….76
Appendix 9 Change of Agriculture Land in 2014………………………….….…76
Appendix 10 Change of Scattered Trees in 2014……………….……….……….77
Appendix 11 Classifications in Detail (2014)……………………………………7
xv
1
1
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
MANUEL DA COSTA XAVIER
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
THESIS
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
MANUEL DA COSTA XAVIER
NIM 1491261017
MASTER DEGREE PROGRAM
STUDY PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
i
THESIS
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
MANUEL DA COSTA XAVIER
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
THESIS
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
MANUEL DA COSTA XAVIER
NIM 1491261017
MASTER DEGREE PROGRAM
STUDY PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
i
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
Thesis to Get Master Degree
At Master Program on Environmental Science
Postgraduate Program Udayana University
MANUEL DA COSTA XAVIER
NIM 1491261017
MASTER DEGREE PROGRAM
STUDY PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
ii
AGREEMENT SHEET
THIS THESIS HAS BEEN APPROVED
ON JULY 19TH, 2016
First Supervisor,
Second Supervisor,
Ass. Prof. Dr. Takahiro Osawa
Dr. Ir. I Made Adhika, MSP
NIP.195912311986011003
Knowing,
Head of Graduate Study
on Environmental Science
Postgraduate Program
Udayana University
Prof.Dr.Ir.I Wayan Nuarsa,M.Si.
NIP. 196805111993031003
Director of
Postgraduate Program
Udayana University
Prof.Dr.dr.A.A.Raka Sudewi, Sp.S.(K)
NIP. 195902151985102001
iii
Thesis Has Been Examined and Assessed By the
Examiner Committees of Postgraduate Program
Udayana University on July 14th, 2016
Based on the Letter of Agreement from Rector Udayana University
Number
Date
: 3108/UN.14.4/HK/2016
: July 1th, 2016
The Examiner Committees are:
Head of Examiner
: Ass. Prof. Dr.Takahiro Osawa
Members
:
1. Dr. Ir. I Made Adhika, MSP.
2. Prof. Dr. Ir. I Nyoman Rai, MS.
3. Prof. Dr. Ir. I Wayan Nuarsa, M.Si.
iv
STATEMENT FREE FROM PLAGIARISM
The undersigned below:
Name
: Manuel Da Costa Xavier
NIM
: 1491261017
Date of Birth : Lospalos, April 16th 1981
Address
: Jl. Waturenggong no 64, Denpasar
Thesis Title
: LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR DATA
IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
Hereby declare that the scientific work is plagiarism free. If in the future
prove to have plagiarism in scientific work, and then I am willing to accept
sanctions in accordance with the regulations of the Minister of Republic Indonesia
number 17 in 2010 and regulations applicable in the Republic of Indonesia.
Denpasar, July 2016
I respectfully,
Manuel Da Costa Xavier
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Praise to Almighty God for Blessing the author in finishing this thesis. The
title of this thesis is “LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE”.
In this opportunity, the author would like to acknowledge:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Prof. Dr. dr.Ketut Suastika, Sp.PD-KEMD. as Rector of Udayana
University.
Prof. Dr. dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi, Sp.S (K). as Director of Postgraduate
Program Udayana University.
Prof. Dr. Ir. I Wayan Nuarsa, M.Si. as Head of Graduate Study of
Environmental Science Udayana University.
Prof. Tasuku Tanaka as Director of Centre on Remote Sensing and ocean
Science (CreSOS) Udayana University for the Support and Suggestions.
Ass. Prof. Dr. Takahiro Osawa, Dr. Ir. I Made Adhika, MSP, Prof. Dr. Ir. I
Nyoman Rai, MS and Prof. Dr. Ir. I Wayan Nuarsa, M.Si. as an
examination committee members for the correction and suggestions to
improve this thesis.
The Government of Timor-Leste which support the author for given a
Scholarship to Study in Postgraduate Program of Environmental Sciences,
University of Udayana, in Environmental Remote Sensing Concentration.
Parents, family, and friends who praying, helping, supporting, and
encouraging the author until this thesis can be finished.
Finally, especially my wife, my daughter ‘PANARATU’ and my son
‘ZEIS’
The author realized that this thesis is far from perfection and need to be
improved. Therefore the author will appreciate all of the constructive criticism
and suggestion to report thesis more perfect.
Denpasar, July 2016
Author
vi
ABSTRAK
PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN MENGGUNAKAN
DATA LIDAR DI KOTA DILI, TIMOR-LESTE
Kota Dili sebagai ibu kota Negara Timor-Leste, dengan penggunaan perubahan
lahan yang cukup pesat, sementara itu Kota Dili lahannya terbatas dan belum ada
rencana tata ruang kota. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk identifikasi perubahan
lahan pada tahun 2001-2014 dan klasifikasi penggunaan lahan secara detail tahun
2014. Metode penelitian ini memanfaatkan data Lidar (foto udara, 2014) dengan
digitasi dan pendekatan system informasi geografis (SIG), untuk data yang
digunakan adalah peta penggunaan lahan tahun 2001 dengan skala 1:50.000 dan
interpretasi foto aerial 2014. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan di kota Dili selama
2001-2014 dari 5 klasifikasi sebagai berikut: peningkatan luas kawasan bukan
lahan pertanian (251.22 ha, 19.35%), untuk kawasan lahan yang berkurang yaitu
kawasan hijau (-140.17 ha, 24.34% ), kawasan pasir (-4.92 ha, 58.22%), Kawasan
pertanian (-47.97 ha , 54.14%), dan penyebaran pepohonan (58.16 ha, 1.87%).
Untuk hasil detail dari klasifikasi bukan lahan pertanian adalah pola pemukiman
(56.46 ha, 3.79%), kawasan kantor pemerintahan (9.17 ha, 0.61%), kawasan
pendidikan (56.46 ha, 3.64%), kawasan kesehatan (7.50 ha, 0.50%), kawasan
perdagangan dan jasa (15.90 ha, 1.07%), kawasan warisan sejarah (49.26 ha,
3.38%) dan pemukiman selama kemerdekaan (1,405.53 ha, 90.71%) Penyebab
dari perubahan lahan karena kota Dili sebagai ibu kota negara, pusat
pemerintahan, perdagangan dan jasa, pendidikan, pariwisata. Oleh karena itu
dengan memanfaatkan data Lidar dapat menidentifikasi perubahan penggunaan
lahan dan detail penggunaan lahan yang tidak sesuai pemanfaatannya dan
memberikan penataan yang lebih baik di masa yang akan datang.
Kata Kunci: Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan, Data Lidar, Sistem Informasi
Geografis (SIG)
vii
ABSTRACT
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
Dili city as the capital of the State of Timor-Leste, with a fairly rapid land use
change, while in Dili city land is limited and there has been no the city spatial
plans. This study was conducted to identify land use change in 2001-2014 and
land use classification in detail in 2014. This research method used with digital
image to display on the screen and interpretation of aerial photographs in 2014 as
well as the approach of the geographical information system (GIS), for the data
used is the land use map in 2001 with a scale of 1:50,000. These results indicate
the city of Dili during in 2001-2014 for five classifications as follows: increase
the area of the settlement (251.22 ha, 19.35%), for the region decreased by a green
area (-140.17 ha, 2.344 %), sand area (-4.92 ha, 58.22%), agriculture land (-47.97
ha, 54.14 %), and scattered trees (-58.16 ha, 1.87%). The detailed results of the
classification are not agricultural land: settlement pattern (5.61 ha, 0.38 %),
government offices area (9.17 ha, 0.61%), education area (56.46 ha, 3.79%),
health area (7.50 ha, 0.50%), commerce and services area (15.90 ha, 1.07%),
historical heritages area (49.26 ha, 3.30%) as well as residencies area after
independence time (1,405.53 ha, 90.71%). The cause of the change of land for the
city of Dili, the state capital, the center of government, trade and services center,
an education center and a tourism center. Therefore, by utilizing Lidar data can
identify land use changes and land use detail not in accordance utilization and
provide arrangement in the future.
Keywords: Land Use Change, Lidar Data, and Geographical Information System
(GIS)
viii
SUMMARY
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
Timor-Leste, as a new nation has experienced rapid development and
growth of urban population in the past few years. There are two things which
cause the resident come and lived in urban areas: pull factors and push factors.
Pull factor involves high level of service in urban public facilities, high income
levels, accessibilities, and size of opportunities to improve the self-identity. Push
factor of rural areas includes the low level of public services, low income, the
difficulty of economic development, and the reduction in productive agricultural
land as submitted. Dili is one of the cities in Timor-Leste that consists of 4 Subdistricts/Administrative post consisting of 22 villages.
This study is remote sensing (Lidar data) and geographic information
system (GIS) methods were employed. The identification and interpretation
manual can also be made to the digital image to display on the screen with the
GIS approach and map of land use in 2001 and also aerial photos in 2014, by five
categories. Remote Sensing and GIS can be processed and mapped according to
land use change (2001-2014) and detail classification land use in 2014. The data
used in this research are land use inventory map which was collected by The
relevant agencies such as the Ministry of Public Works (National Director of
Housing and Urban Planning), Ministry of Justice (National Land Agency),
Ministry of Energy Natural Resources (Institute of Petroleum and Geology),
Ministry of Education and reports of study of the Dili Urban Master Plan for the
city and several studies on land use performed by Universities, Private Institutions
and Government Agencies. With those mentioned above in mind, the objective of
this study are: (1) To identify the land use change and area in 2001-2014 using
Lidar data in Dili city.(2)To detect land use classification in 2014 using Lidar data
in Dili city.
The result of this research shown that based on the land use change, there
is an increased non-agriculture land by 251.22 ha (19.35%), decreased areas of
evergreens by (-) 140.17 ha (24.34%), sand area by (-) 4.92 ha (58.22%),
agriculture land by (-) 47.97 ha (54.14%) and scattered trees by (-) 58.16 ha
(1.87%). The detail classifications that are non-agricultural land are as follows:
settlement pattern area (5.61 ha, 0.38%), government office area (9.17 ha, 0.61%),
education area (56.46 ha, 3.79%), health area (7.50 ha, 0.50%), commerce and
services area (15.90 ha, 1.07%), historical heritages area (49.26 ha, 3.30%) and
residencies area after independence time 1,405.53 ha 90.71%)
To use Lidar data of 2014 is very important to identify land use change
and detail classification for the area of agriculture and non-agriculture land. Dili is
the capital of Timor-Leste. Therefore it needs rules, supervision and
comprehensive plan as well as improvements or arrangement in accordance with
the land use zoning.
ix
LIST OF CONTENTS
Pages
INSIDE COVER…………………………………………………………………...i
PREREQUISITES DEGREE……………………………………………………..ii
AGREEMENT SHEET…………………………………………………………..iii
APPROVED BY COMMITTEES………………………………………………..iv
STATEMENT FREE FROM PLAGIARISM…………………………………….v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………………………………….vi
ABSTRAK……………………………………………………………………….vii
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………….viii
SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………....ix
LIST OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………….x
LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………………...xii
LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………..xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS…………………………………………………...xiv
LIST OF APPENDIXS…………………………………………………………..xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION………………………………………...............1
1.1
Background………………………………………………..1
1.2
Problems Formulation..........................................................4
1.3
Objectives of Research…………………………………….5
1.4
Benefits of Research..……………………………………..5
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................6
2.1
Land Use…………………………………………………..6
2.1 Remote Sensing and Lidar Data…………………………....7
2.2.1 Remote Sensing……………………………….…...7
2.2.2 Lidar Data………………………………………….8
2.3
GIS (Geography Information System)…...........................10
2.4
Previous Research…………………………………..……12
CHAPTER III FRAMEWORK OF RESEARCH………………………….…....14
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH METHODS………………………………………..16
4.1 General Description of the Research Location…………..16
4.2 Research Methods………………………..........................19
4.3 Data Sources……………………………………………...19
4.4.1 Primary Data Sources…………………………….19
4.4.2 Secondary Data Sources……………………….....19
4.4 Tools of Research………………………………….……..20
4.5 Procedures of Research…………………..........................20
4.6 Data Analysis…………………………………………….21
x
CHAPTER V RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS………………………..……..22
5.1 Land Use………………………………………………....22
5.1.1 Non Agriculture Land…….……………………...22
5.1.2 Evergreen Area…………………………………..23
5.1.3 Sand Area………………………………………...24
5.1.4 Agriculture Land…………………………….…...24
5.1.5 Scattered Trees...………………………………....25
5.2
Land Use Change………………………………………...27
5.2.1 Change of Non Agriculture Land (2014-2001)…..27
5.2.2 Change of Evergreen Area (2014-2001)…….…...28
5.2.3 Change of Sand Area (2014-2001)..................…...29
5.2.4 Change of Agriculture Land (2014-2001)………..29
5.2.5 Change of Scattered Trees (2014-2001)…….…....30
5.3 Detail Classifications in 2014……………………………35
5.3.1 Non Agriculture …...…………………………….36
5.3.1.1 Settlement Pattern………………………..36
5.3.1.2 Public Facilities and Services……………40
5.3.1.3 Commerce and Service…………………..48
5.3.1.4 Historical and Cultural Heritages………...50
5.3.2 Agriculture Land…………………………………53
5.3.3 Protect Area………………………………………55
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS……………….………58
5.1 Conclusions..................................................................…...58
5.2 Suggestions……………………………………….............59
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………...60
APPENDIXS……………………………………………………………………..63
xi
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
4.1
4.2
4.3
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
Sub-Districts, Villages, and Aldeias……………………………………...17
Data Sources of Research……………………………………………........20
Tools of Research………………………………………….. …………....20
Change of Land Use (2014-2001)………………………………………...34
Detail Classification in 2014……………………………………………...35
Typical Settlement Pattern by Two Areas Based on
Different Historical……………………………………………………….36
Unplanned Settlement of Independence Time……………………............39
Government Administrative Facilities in Dili City.……………………....42
Number of Schools by Administrative Post…………………………........44
Health Service Facilities………………………………………………….47
Environmental Protected Area in Dili City.…………………………........56
Land Use Improvement/arrange ...………………………………………..57
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
1.1
3.1
4.1
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
5.21
5.22
5.23
5.24
5.25
5.26
5.27
5.28
5.29
Pages
Zonation (Environment and Urban Planning Dili,
Master plan in 1972)……………………………………….. ……………..1
Framework of Research………………………………………………….15
Map of Research Location……………………………………………….18
Map of Land Use in 2001……………………………...............................22
Map of Non Agriculture Land in 2001…………………………………..23
Map of Evergreen Area in 2001………………..……………………….. 23
Map of Sand Area in 2001..................................................................…...24
Map of Agriculture Land in 2001……….……………………………….25
Map of Scattered Trees in 2001…………………………………….…....25
Map of Land Use in 2001………………………………………………...26
Lidar Data (Aerial Photo, 2014)…….……………………………………27
Change of Non Agriculture Land in 2014…………………..……………28
Change of Evergreen Area in 2014………………………………………28
Change of Sand Area in 2014……………………………………………29
Change of Agriculture Land in 2014………………………………….…30
Change of Scattered Trees in 2014……………………………………....31
Map of Land Use in 2014………………………………………………...32
Map of Land Use Change in 2014-2001…………………………………33
Location of Settlement Pattern…………………………………………...40
Identification & National Offices, District & Sub Districts……………...41
Identification Village Offices…………………………………………….41
Identification of Ministerial Offices……………………………………..42
Direction of Arrangement Government Administration Facilities………43
School Buildings (Basic, Primary, Secondary and Technical)…………..44
Identification of University and Institution………………………………46
Distribution of the Health Facilities……………………………………...47
Location of Commerce’s and Services…………………………………..49
Historical and Culture Heritages…………………………………………51
Arrange to Historical Center Conservation Zone………………………...53
Identification of Agriculture Land……………………………………….54
Direction of Agriculture and Plantation Area……………………………55
Map of Protect Area………...……………………………………………56
xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CBD
: Central Business District
DEM
: Digital Elevation Models
DSM
: Digital Surface Models
DTM
: Digital Terrain Models
DNE
: National Directorate of Environment
ESRI
: Environment System Research Institute
FAO
: Food and Agriculture Organization
GPS
: Global Positioning System
IFC
: International Finance Corporation
JICA
: Japan International Cooperation Agency
LIDAR
: Light Detection and Ranging
MOTAC
: Ministry of Tourism, Arts, and Culture
NESP
: National Education Strategic Plan 2011-2030
NHSSP
: National Health Sector strategic Plan 2011-2030
SEAC
: State Secretariat of Arts and Culture
SDP
: Strategic Development Plan 2011-2030
SIG
: Geographic Information System
SRTM
: Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission
RTRWK
: City Spatial Planning
UTM
: Universal Transverse Mercator
UNTAET
: United Nationals Transitional Administration in East Timor
xiv
LIST OF APPENDIXS
Pages
Appendix 1 Non Agriculture Land in 2001………..…………………………….63
Appendix 2 Evergreen Area in 2001……………………………………………..70
Appendix 3 Sand Area in 2001…………………………………………………..72
Appendix 4 Agriculture Land in 2001…………………………………………...72
Appendix 5 Scattered Trees in 2001……………………………..………………73
Appendix 6 Non Agriculture Land in 2014………………...……………………75
Appendix 7 Change of Evergreen Area in 2014…………………………….…...76
Appendix 8 Change of Sand Area in 2014……………………………………….76
Appendix 9 Change of Agriculture Land in 2014………………………….….…76
Appendix 10 Change of Scattered Trees in 2014……………….……….……….77
Appendix 11 Classifications in Detail (2014)……………………………………7
xv
1
1
THESIS
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
MANUEL DA COSTA XAVIER
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
THESIS
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
MANUEL DA COSTA XAVIER
NIM 1491261017
MASTER DEGREE PROGRAM
STUDY PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
i
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
Thesis to Get Master Degree
At Master Program on Environmental Science
Postgraduate Program Udayana University
MANUEL DA COSTA XAVIER
NIM 1491261017
MASTER DEGREE PROGRAM
STUDY PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
ii
AGREEMENT SHEET
THIS THESIS HAS BEEN APPROVED
ON JULY 19TH, 2016
First Supervisor,
Second Supervisor,
Ass. Prof. Dr. Takahiro Osawa
Dr. Ir. I Made Adhika, MSP
NIP.195912311986011003
Knowing,
Head of Graduate Study
on Environmental Science
Postgraduate Program
Udayana University
Prof.Dr.Ir.I Wayan Nuarsa,M.Si.
NIP. 196805111993031003
Director of
Postgraduate Program
Udayana University
Prof.Dr.dr.A.A.Raka Sudewi, Sp.S.(K)
NIP. 195902151985102001
iii
Thesis Has Been Examined and Assessed By the
Examiner Committees of Postgraduate Program
Udayana University on July 14th, 2016
Based on the Letter of Agreement from Rector Udayana University
Number
Date
: 3108/UN.14.4/HK/2016
: July 1th, 2016
The Examiner Committees are:
Head of Examiner
: Ass. Prof. Dr.Takahiro Osawa
Members
:
1. Dr. Ir. I Made Adhika, MSP.
2. Prof. Dr. Ir. I Nyoman Rai, MS.
3. Prof. Dr. Ir. I Wayan Nuarsa, M.Si.
iv
STATEMENT FREE FROM PLAGIARISM
The undersigned below:
Name
: Manuel Da Costa Xavier
NIM
: 1491261017
Date of Birth : Lospalos, April 16th 1981
Address
: Jl. Waturenggong no 64, Denpasar
Thesis Title
: LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR DATA
IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
Hereby declare that the scientific work is plagiarism free. If in the future
prove to have plagiarism in scientific work, and then I am willing to accept
sanctions in accordance with the regulations of the Minister of Republic Indonesia
number 17 in 2010 and regulations applicable in the Republic of Indonesia.
Denpasar, July 2016
I respectfully,
Manuel Da Costa Xavier
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Praise to Almighty God for Blessing the author in finishing this thesis. The
title of this thesis is “LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE”.
In this opportunity, the author would like to acknowledge:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Prof. Dr. dr.Ketut Suastika, Sp.PD-KEMD. as Rector of Udayana
University.
Prof. Dr. dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi, Sp.S (K). as Director of Postgraduate
Program Udayana University.
Prof. Dr. Ir. I Wayan Nuarsa, M.Si. as Head of Graduate Study of
Environmental Science Udayana University.
Prof. Tasuku Tanaka as Director of Centre on Remote Sensing and ocean
Science (CreSOS) Udayana University for the Support and Suggestions.
Ass. Prof. Dr. Takahiro Osawa, Dr. Ir. I Made Adhika, MSP, Prof. Dr. Ir. I
Nyoman Rai, MS and Prof. Dr. Ir. I Wayan Nuarsa, M.Si. as an
examination committee members for the correction and suggestions to
improve this thesis.
The Government of Timor-Leste which support the author for given a
Scholarship to Study in Postgraduate Program of Environmental Sciences,
University of Udayana, in Environmental Remote Sensing Concentration.
Parents, family, and friends who praying, helping, supporting, and
encouraging the author until this thesis can be finished.
Finally, especially my wife, my daughter ‘PANARATU’ and my son
‘ZEIS’
The author realized that this thesis is far from perfection and need to be
improved. Therefore the author will appreciate all of the constructive criticism
and suggestion to report thesis more perfect.
Denpasar, July 2016
Author
vi
ABSTRAK
PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN MENGGUNAKAN
DATA LIDAR DI KOTA DILI, TIMOR-LESTE
Kota Dili sebagai ibu kota Negara Timor-Leste, dengan penggunaan perubahan
lahan yang cukup pesat, sementara itu Kota Dili lahannya terbatas dan belum ada
rencana tata ruang kota. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk identifikasi perubahan
lahan pada tahun 2001-2014 dan klasifikasi penggunaan lahan secara detail tahun
2014. Metode penelitian ini memanfaatkan data Lidar (foto udara, 2014) dengan
digitasi dan pendekatan system informasi geografis (SIG), untuk data yang
digunakan adalah peta penggunaan lahan tahun 2001 dengan skala 1:50.000 dan
interpretasi foto aerial 2014. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan di kota Dili selama
2001-2014 dari 5 klasifikasi sebagai berikut: peningkatan luas kawasan bukan
lahan pertanian (251.22 ha, 19.35%), untuk kawasan lahan yang berkurang yaitu
kawasan hijau (-140.17 ha, 24.34% ), kawasan pasir (-4.92 ha, 58.22%), Kawasan
pertanian (-47.97 ha , 54.14%), dan penyebaran pepohonan (58.16 ha, 1.87%).
Untuk hasil detail dari klasifikasi bukan lahan pertanian adalah pola pemukiman
(56.46 ha, 3.79%), kawasan kantor pemerintahan (9.17 ha, 0.61%), kawasan
pendidikan (56.46 ha, 3.64%), kawasan kesehatan (7.50 ha, 0.50%), kawasan
perdagangan dan jasa (15.90 ha, 1.07%), kawasan warisan sejarah (49.26 ha,
3.38%) dan pemukiman selama kemerdekaan (1,405.53 ha, 90.71%) Penyebab
dari perubahan lahan karena kota Dili sebagai ibu kota negara, pusat
pemerintahan, perdagangan dan jasa, pendidikan, pariwisata. Oleh karena itu
dengan memanfaatkan data Lidar dapat menidentifikasi perubahan penggunaan
lahan dan detail penggunaan lahan yang tidak sesuai pemanfaatannya dan
memberikan penataan yang lebih baik di masa yang akan datang.
Kata Kunci: Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan, Data Lidar, Sistem Informasi
Geografis (SIG)
vii
ABSTRACT
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
Dili city as the capital of the State of Timor-Leste, with a fairly rapid land use
change, while in Dili city land is limited and there has been no the city spatial
plans. This study was conducted to identify land use change in 2001-2014 and
land use classification in detail in 2014. This research method used with digital
image to display on the screen and interpretation of aerial photographs in 2014 as
well as the approach of the geographical information system (GIS), for the data
used is the land use map in 2001 with a scale of 1:50,000. These results indicate
the city of Dili during in 2001-2014 for five classifications as follows: increase
the area of the settlement (251.22 ha, 19.35%), for the region decreased by a green
area (-140.17 ha, 2.344 %), sand area (-4.92 ha, 58.22%), agriculture land (-47.97
ha, 54.14 %), and scattered trees (-58.16 ha, 1.87%). The detailed results of the
classification are not agricultural land: settlement pattern (5.61 ha, 0.38 %),
government offices area (9.17 ha, 0.61%), education area (56.46 ha, 3.79%),
health area (7.50 ha, 0.50%), commerce and services area (15.90 ha, 1.07%),
historical heritages area (49.26 ha, 3.30%) as well as residencies area after
independence time (1,405.53 ha, 90.71%). The cause of the change of land for the
city of Dili, the state capital, the center of government, trade and services center,
an education center and a tourism center. Therefore, by utilizing Lidar data can
identify land use changes and land use detail not in accordance utilization and
provide arrangement in the future.
Keywords: Land Use Change, Lidar Data, and Geographical Information System
(GIS)
viii
SUMMARY
LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION USING LIDAR
DATA IN DILI CITY, TIMOR-LESTE
Timor-Leste, as a new nation has experienced rapid development and
growth of urban population in the past few years. There are two things which
cause the resident come and lived in urban areas: pull factors and push factors.
Pull factor involves high level of service in urban public facilities, high income
levels, accessibilities, and size of opportunities to improve the self-identity. Push
factor of rural areas includes the low level of public services, low income, the
difficulty of economic development, and the reduction in productive agricultural
land as submitted. Dili is one of the cities in Timor-Leste that consists of 4 Subdistricts/Administrative post consisting of 22 villages.
This study is remote sensing (Lidar data) and geographic information
system (GIS) methods were employed. The identification and interpretation
manual can also be made to the digital image to display on the screen with the
GIS approach and map of land use in 2001 and also aerial photos in 2014, by five
categories. Remote Sensing and GIS can be processed and mapped according to
land use change (2001-2014) and detail classification land use in 2014. The data
used in this research are land use inventory map which was collected by The
relevant agencies such as the Ministry of Public Works (National Director of
Housing and Urban Planning), Ministry of Justice (National Land Agency),
Ministry of Energy Natural Resources (Institute of Petroleum and Geology),
Ministry of Education and reports of study of the Dili Urban Master Plan for the
city and several studies on land use performed by Universities, Private Institutions
and Government Agencies. With those mentioned above in mind, the objective of
this study are: (1) To identify the land use change and area in 2001-2014 using
Lidar data in Dili city.(2)To detect land use classification in 2014 using Lidar data
in Dili city.
The result of this research shown that based on the land use change, there
is an increased non-agriculture land by 251.22 ha (19.35%), decreased areas of
evergreens by (-) 140.17 ha (24.34%), sand area by (-) 4.92 ha (58.22%),
agriculture land by (-) 47.97 ha (54.14%) and scattered trees by (-) 58.16 ha
(1.87%). The detail classifications that are non-agricultural land are as follows:
settlement pattern area (5.61 ha, 0.38%), government office area (9.17 ha, 0.61%),
education area (56.46 ha, 3.79%), health area (7.50 ha, 0.50%), commerce and
services area (15.90 ha, 1.07%), historical heritages area (49.26 ha, 3.30%) and
residencies area after independence time 1,405.53 ha 90.71%)
To use Lidar data of 2014 is very important to identify land use change
and detail classification for the area of agriculture and non-agriculture land. Dili is
the capital of Timor-Leste. Therefore it needs rules, supervision and
comprehensive plan as well as improvements or arrangement in accordance with
the land use zoning.
ix
LIST OF CONTENTS
Pages
INSIDE COVER…………………………………………………………………...i
PREREQUISITES DEGREE……………………………………………………..ii
AGREEMENT SHEET…………………………………………………………..iii
APPROVED BY COMMITTEES………………………………………………..iv
STATEMENT FREE FROM PLAGIARISM…………………………………….v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………………………………….vi
ABSTRAK……………………………………………………………………….vii
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………….viii
SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………....ix
LIST OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………….x
LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………………...xii
LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………..xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS…………………………………………………...xiv
LIST OF APPENDIXS…………………………………………………………..xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION………………………………………...............1
1.1
Background………………………………………………..1
1.2
Problems Formulation..........................................................4
1.3
Objectives of Research…………………………………….5
1.4
Benefits of Research..……………………………………..5
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................6
2.1
Land Use…………………………………………………..6
2.1 Remote Sensing and Lidar Data…………………………....7
2.2.1 Remote Sensing……………………………….…...7
2.2.2 Lidar Data………………………………………….8
2.3
GIS (Geography Information System)…...........................10
2.4
Previous Research…………………………………..……12
CHAPTER III FRAMEWORK OF RESEARCH………………………….…....14
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH METHODS………………………………………..16
4.1 General Description of the Research Location…………..16
4.2 Research Methods………………………..........................19
4.3 Data Sources……………………………………………...19
4.4.1 Primary Data Sources…………………………….19
4.4.2 Secondary Data Sources……………………….....19
4.4 Tools of Research………………………………….……..20
4.5 Procedures of Research…………………..........................20
4.6 Data Analysis…………………………………………….21
x
CHAPTER V RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS………………………..……..22
5.1 Land Use………………………………………………....22
5.1.1 Non Agriculture Land…….……………………...22
5.1.2 Evergreen Area…………………………………..23
5.1.3 Sand Area………………………………………...24
5.1.4 Agriculture Land…………………………….…...24
5.1.5 Scattered Trees...………………………………....25
5.2
Land Use Change………………………………………...27
5.2.1 Change of Non Agriculture Land (2014-2001)…..27
5.2.2 Change of Evergreen Area (2014-2001)…….…...28
5.2.3 Change of Sand Area (2014-2001)..................…...29
5.2.4 Change of Agriculture Land (2014-2001)………..29
5.2.5 Change of Scattered Trees (2014-2001)…….…....30
5.3 Detail Classifications in 2014……………………………35
5.3.1 Non Agriculture …...…………………………….36
5.3.1.1 Settlement Pattern………………………..36
5.3.1.2 Public Facilities and Services……………40
5.3.1.3 Commerce and Service…………………..48
5.3.1.4 Historical and Cultural Heritages………...50
5.3.2 Agriculture Land…………………………………53
5.3.3 Protect Area………………………………………55
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS……………….………58
5.1 Conclusions..................................................................…...58
5.2 Suggestions……………………………………….............59
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………...60
APPENDIXS……………………………………………………………………..63
xi
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
4.1
4.2
4.3
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
Sub-Districts, Villages, and Aldeias……………………………………...17
Data Sources of Research……………………………………………........20
Tools of Research………………………………………….. …………....20
Change of Land Use (2014-2001)………………………………………...34
Detail Classification in 2014……………………………………………...35
Typical Settlement Pattern by Two Areas Based on
Different Historical……………………………………………………….36
Unplanned Settlement of Independence Time……………………............39
Government Administrative Facilities in Dili City.……………………....42
Number of Schools by Administrative Post…………………………........44
Health Service Facilities………………………………………………….47
Environmental Protected Area in Dili City.…………………………........56
Land Use Improvement/arrange ...………………………………………..57
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
1.1
3.1
4.1
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
5.21
5.22
5.23
5.24
5.25
5.26
5.27
5.28
5.29
Pages
Zonation (Environment and Urban Planning Dili,
Master plan in 1972)……………………………………….. ……………..1
Framework of Research………………………………………………….15
Map of Research Location……………………………………………….18
Map of Land Use in 2001……………………………...............................22
Map of Non Agriculture Land in 2001…………………………………..23
Map of Evergreen Area in 2001………………..……………………….. 23
Map of Sand Area in 2001..................................................................…...24
Map of Agriculture Land in 2001……….……………………………….25
Map of Scattered Trees in 2001…………………………………….…....25
Map of Land Use in 2001………………………………………………...26
Lidar Data (Aerial Photo, 2014)…….……………………………………27
Change of Non Agriculture Land in 2014…………………..……………28
Change of Evergreen Area in 2014………………………………………28
Change of Sand Area in 2014……………………………………………29
Change of Agriculture Land in 2014………………………………….…30
Change of Scattered Trees in 2014……………………………………....31
Map of Land Use in 2014………………………………………………...32
Map of Land Use Change in 2014-2001…………………………………33
Location of Settlement Pattern…………………………………………...40
Identification & National Offices, District & Sub Districts……………...41
Identification Village Offices…………………………………………….41
Identification of Ministerial Offices……………………………………..42
Direction of Arrangement Government Administration Facilities………43
School Buildings (Basic, Primary, Secondary and Technical)…………..44
Identification of University and Institution………………………………46
Distribution of the Health Facilities……………………………………...47
Location of Commerce’s and Services…………………………………..49
Historical and Culture Heritages…………………………………………51
Arrange to Historical Center Conservation Zone………………………...53
Identification of Agriculture Land……………………………………….54
Direction of Agriculture and Plantation Area……………………………55
Map of Protect Area………...……………………………………………56
xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CBD
: Central Business District
DEM
: Digital Elevation Models
DSM
: Digital Surface Models
DTM
: Digital Terrain Models
DNE
: National Directorate of Environment
ESRI
: Environment System Research Institute
FAO
: Food and Agriculture Organization
GPS
: Global Positioning System
IFC
: International Finance Corporation
JICA
: Japan International Cooperation Agency
LIDAR
: Light Detection and Ranging
MOTAC
: Ministry of Tourism, Arts, and Culture
NESP
: National Education Strategic Plan 2011-2030
NHSSP
: National Health Sector strategic Plan 2011-2030
SEAC
: State Secretariat of Arts and Culture
SDP
: Strategic Development Plan 2011-2030
SIG
: Geographic Information System
SRTM
: Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission
RTRWK
: City Spatial Planning
UTM
: Universal Transverse Mercator
UNTAET
: United Nationals Transitional Administration in East Timor
xiv
LIST OF APPENDIXS
Pages
Appendix 1 Non Agriculture Land in 2001………..…………………………….63
Appendix 2 Evergreen Area in 2001……………………………………………..70
Appendix 3 Sand Area in 2001…………………………………………………..72
Appendix 4 Agriculture Land in 2001…………………………………………...72
Appendix 5 Scattered Trees in 2001……………………………..………………73
Appendix 6 Non Agriculture Land in 2014………………...……………………75
Appendix 7 Change of Evergreen Area in 2014…………………………….…...76
Appendix 8 Change of Sand Area in 2014……………………………………….76
Appendix 9 Change of Agriculture Land in 2014………………………….….…76
Appendix 10 Change of Scattered Trees in 2014……………….……….……….77
Appendix 11 Classifications in Detail (2014)……………………………………7
xv
1
1