Perancangan Museum Sejarah Kota Medan di Kawasan Pulo Brayan
PERANCANGAN MUSEUM SEJARAH KOTA MEDAN DI
KAWASAN PULO BRAYAN
SKRIPSI
OLEH
TARMIZI MUKHLIS
120406056
DEPARTEMEN ARSITEKTUR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2016
Universitas Sumatera Utara
PERANCANGAN MUSEUM SEJARAH KOTA MEDAN DI
KAWASAN PULO BRAYAN
SKRIPSI
Sebagai Persyaratan untuk Memperoleh Gelar
Sarjana Teknik
OLEH
TARMIZI MUKHLIS
120406056
DOSEN PEMBIMBING
Ir.Rudolf Sitorus.,MLA
DEPARTEMEN ARSITEKTUR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2016
Universitas Sumatera Utara
PERNYATAAN
Perancangan Museum Sejarah Kota Medan Di Kawasan Pulo Brayan
SKRIPSI
Dengan ini penulis menyatakan bahwa dalam skripsi ini tidak terdapat
karya yang pernah diajukan untuk memperoleh gelar kesarjanaan di suatu
perguruan tinggi, dan sepanjang pengetahuan penulis juga tidak terdapat karya
atau pendapat yang pernah ditulis atau diterbitkan oleh orang lain, kecuali yang
secara tertulis diacu dalam naskah ini dan disebutkan dalam daftar pustaka.
Medan,
Juni 2016
Penulis
Tarmizi Mukhlis
120406056
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Judul Skripsi
: Perancangan Museum Sejarah Kota Medan
Di Kawasan Pulo Brayan
Nama Mahasiswa
: Tarmizi Mukhlis
Nomor Induk Mahasiwa
: 120406056
Departemen
: Arsitektur
Disetujui Oleh:
Dosen Pembimbing Skripsi,
Ir.Rudolf Sitorus.,MLA
NIP : 195802241986011002
Koordinator Skripsi
Ketua Departemen Arsitektur
Dr. Ir. Nelson M. Siahaan, Dipl.TP, M.Arch.
Ir. N. Vinky Rahman, M.T.
NIP. 19581127 198701 1 001
NIP. 19660622 199702 1 001
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tanggal Lulus
: 29 Juni 2016
Telah diuji pada
tanggal
: 29 Juni 2016
Penguji Skripsi
Ketua Penguji
: Ir.Rudolf Sitorus.,MLA
Anggota Penguji
: Andalucia.,ST, M.Sc
Ir.Samsul Bahri, MT
Universitas Sumatera Utara
SURAT HASIL PENILAIAN PROYEK SKRIPSI
Nama
: Tarmizi Mukhlis
NIM
: 1204060056
Judul Skripsi
: Perancangan Museum Sejarah Kota Medan Di
Kawasan Pulo Brayan
Tema
: Neo-Vernakular
Rekapitulasi Nilai
A
B+
B
C+
C
Dengan ini mahasiswa yang bersangkutan dinyatakan:
Waktu
No.
Status
Pengumpulan
Skripsi
1.
Lulus Langsung
2.
Lulus Melengkapi
3.
Perbaikan
4.
Tidak Lulus
Medan,
Paraf
Pembimbing
Paraf
Koordinator
Skripsi
Juni 2016
Koordinator Skripsi,
Ketua Departemen Arsitektur,
Dr.Ir. Nelson M. Siahaan, Dipl.TP,M.Arch
Ir. N Vinky Rahman, MT
NIP. 195811271987011001
NIP.196606221997021
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Medan memiliki kekayaan budaya yang tidak dimiliki oleh beberapa kota
lain di Indonesia. Kelebihan ini akan sangat menunjang rencana pemerintah dalam
mewujudkan kawasan ekonomi khusus (KEK) kota Medan. Pulo brayan
merupakan salah satu kawasan pinggir kota yang memiliki banyak potensi untuk
dikembangkan menjadi daya tarik bagi kota medan. Kawasan ini terletak di posisi
strategis yang akan mengakselerasi program Nasional dan regional Mebidangro.
Untuk itu perlu adanya pembenahan demi menghidupkan kembali ruh kejayaan
dari kawasan ini. Rancangan “Green Deli Oasis” menyediakan beberapa sarana
dan akan digunakan pada kawasan ini untuk mendatangkan pengunjung baik dari
dalam maupun luar kota.
Museum Sejarah Kota Medan merupakan salah satu bangunan penunjang
bagi kawasan Pulo Brayan. Museum ini berfungsi sebagai sarana pendidikan
sejarah yang ditujukan untuk masyarakat agar lebih mengenal nilai – nilai sejarah
yang dimiliki Kota Medan. Langkah – langkah yang dilakukan dalam proses
perancangan museum ini adalah dengan melakukan studi pustaka yang bertujuan
untuk mendapatkan penjelasan tentang perancangan, studi pengamatan untuk
mengumpulkan data fisik, dan studi literatur sebagai referensi, dan wawancara
dengan penduduk lokal untuk mendapatkan data yang lebih akurat.
Tema yang digunakan museum adalah Neo – Vernakular untuk
mengangkat budaya lokal Kota Medan. “Dalihan Natolu” merupakan filosofi
batak yang diterapkan di museum ini. Filosofi ini menggambarkan tungku
memasak adat batak yang memiliki tiga kaki sebagai penopangnya, dan
mempunyai makna keharmonisan kekeluargaan yang melambangkan Kota
Medan. Filosofi melayu “Itik Pulang Petang” juga diterapkan dalam museum ini
dan mempunyai makna kekompakan yang dimiliki penduduk Kota Medan.
Kata kunci : Kota Medan, Pulo Brayan, Museum Sejarah, Neo-Vernakular
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Medan has a rich culture that is not owned by some other cities in
Indonesia. This excess will support the government's plan in creating special
economic zones (SEZ) in Medan. Pulo Brayan is one of suburb that has a lot of
potential to be developed into an attraction for the city. This area is located in a
strategic position that will accelerate national and regional programs of
Mebidangro. Therefore, reform is needed in order to rise the spirit of the glory of
this region. The design "Green Deli Oasis" provides several facilities and will be
used in this area to bring visitors from both inside and outside the city.
Museum Medan Heritage is one of the supporting buildings for Pulo
Brayan region. This museum serves education history intended for public to
recognize the value of history that owned by Medan City. Steps by steps taken in
the process design of this museum is literature review to get an explanation of
the design, an observational study to collect physical data, and literature studies
as references, and interviews with local people to obtain more accurate data.
The theme used by museum is Neo – Vernacular which has the goal to
rise the local culture of Medan. "Dalihan Natolu" is the philosophy of Batak
applied in this museum. This philosophy describes the stove cooking traditional
Batak which has three legs as the structure, and has meaning familial harmony
that symbolizes the city of Medan. Philosophy melayu "Itik Pulang Petang" is also
applied in this museum and has meaning compactness that owned by people of
Medan.
.Keyword : Medan City, Pulo Brayan, Museum History, Neo-Vernakular
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
KATA PENGANTAR
Segala puji bagi Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, Allah SWT. Salawat dan salam
kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW, sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi yang
berjudul Perancangan Museum Sejarah Kota Medan di Kawasan Pulo Brayan.
Saya menyadari bahwa keberhasilan dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini
tidak lepas dari doa, bimbingan, pengarahan, dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak.
Untuk itu, saya mengucapkan terima kasih kepada yang terhormat:
1. Ir.Rudolf Sitorus.,MLA selaku Dosen Pembimbing saya, yang senantiasa
memberikan nasihat dan bimbingan dengan penuh kesabaran.
2. Ibu Andalucia.,ST, M.Sc. dan Ir.Samsul Bahri, MT selaku Dosen Penguji.
3. Bapak Ir. N. Vinky Rahman, M.T., selaku Ketua Departemen Arsitektur
4. Bapak Dr.Ir. Nelson M. Siahaan, Dipl.TP,M.Arch selaku Dosen
Koordinator Perancangan Arsitektur 6.
5. Bapak Devin Defriza Harisdani, S.T., M.T selaku Dosen Wali saya.
6. Orang tua saya, Ernawati, yang senantiasa mendoakan saya
7. Keluarga besar, yang telah mendukung saya dan senantiasa mendoakan
saya.
8. Seluruh dosen dan staf di Departemen Arsitektur.
9. Almamater Departemen Arsitektur dan teman-teman saya yang senantiasa
mendukung, membantu, dan mendoakan.
10. Pihak-pihak lain yang tidak dapat saya sebutkan namanya satu per satu.
Skripsi ini masih memiliki banyak kekurangan, semoga dapat bermanfaat bagi
banyak pihak.Oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran pembaca sangat diharapkan.
Medan,
Juni 2016
Hormat saya,
Tarmizi Mukhlis
120406056
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ ii
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR DIAGRAM ................................................................................................... xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................ 1
1.1 Latar Belakang................................................................................................1
1.2 Maksud dan Tujuan ........................................................................................5
1.3 Masalah Perancangan .....................................................................................5
1.4 Pendekatan ......................................................................................................6
1.5 Lingkup/Batasan .............................................................................................6
1.6 Kerangka Berfikir ...........................................................................................8
1.7 Sistematika Penulisan Laporan.......................................................................9
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA..........................................................................10
2.1 Terminologi Judul ........................................................................................10
2.2 Lokasi ...........................................................................................................10
2.2.1 Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi ......................................................................12
2.2.2 Deskripsi Kondisi Existing Lokasi Sebagai Tapak Rancangan .............20
2.3 Tinjauan Umum Proyek ...............................................................................22
2.3.1 Perkembangan Kota ...............................................................................20
2.3.2 Kebijakan Pembangunan........................................................................23
2.3.3 Deskripsi Proyek ....................................................................................25
2.3.4 Klasifikasi Museum ...............................................................................27
2.4 Tinjauan Fungsi ............................................................................................28
2.4.1 Deskripsi Penggunaan dan Kegiatan......................................................28
2.4.2 Deskripsi Pelaku ....................................................................................29
2.4.3 Deskripsi Persyaratan dan Kriteria Ruang .............................................30
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2.4.4 Studi Banding Proyek Sejenis ................................................................33
2.5 Elaborasi Tema .............................................................................................33
2.5.1 Pengertian Neo Vernakular ....................................................................41
2.5.2 Interpretasi Tema ...................................................................................41
2.5.3 Keterkaitan Tema Dengan Judul ............................................................42
2.5.4 Studi Banding Arsitektur Tema Sejenis .................................................43
BAB III METODE PENDEKATAN PERANCANGAN ..................................48
3.1 Tahap 1 .........................................................................................................48
3.2 Tahap 2 .........................................................................................................49
3.3 Tahap 3 .........................................................................................................49
3.4 Tahap 4 .........................................................................................................51
3.5 Tahap 5 .........................................................................................................52
3.6 Tahap 6 .........................................................................................................53
3.7 Tahap 7 .........................................................................................................55
3.8 Tahap 8 .........................................................................................................56
3.9 Tahap 9 .........................................................................................................58
BAB IV ANALISA PERANCANGAN ...............................................................59
4.1 Analisa Kondisi Tapak dan Lingkungan ......................................................59
4.1.1 Analisa Lokasi........................................................................................60
4.1.2 Analisa Tata Guna Lahan .......................................................................60
4.1.3 Analisa Kontur .......................................................................................61
4.1.4 Analisa Peraturan ...................................................................................62
4.1.5 Analisa Bangunan Sekitar ......................................................................63
4.1.6 Analisa Lalu Lintas ................................................................................64
4.1.7 Analisa Prasarana ...................................................................................65
4.1.8 Analisa Karakteristik Lingkungan Sekitar .............................................66
4.1.9 Analisa Sirkulasi ....................................................................................68
4.1.10 Analisa View ........................................................................................69
4.1.11 Analisa Matahari ..................................................................................70
4.1.12 Analisa Angin ......................................................................................71
4.1.13 Analisa Kebisingan ..............................................................................72
4.2 Analisa Fungsional .......................................................................................73
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4.2.1 Analisa Kebutuhan Ruang & Program Ruang .......................................73
4.2.2 Analisa Bentuk Massa ............................................................................79
4.3 Analisa Teknologi ........................................................................................80
4.3.1 Analisa Struktur .....................................................................................80
4.3.2 Analisa Utilitas .......................................................................................82
4.4 Kesimpulan ...................................................................................................88
BAB V KONSEP ..................................................................................................88
5.1 Konsep Massa ...............................................................................................88
5.2 Konsep Perancangan ...................................................................................90
5.2.1 Konsep Matahari ....................................................................................90
5.2.2 Konsep Angin ........................................................................................91
5.2.3 Konsep Kebisingan ................................................................................92
5.3 Konsep Sirkulasi ...........................................................................................93
5.4 Konsep Zoning .............................................................................................94
5.5 Konsep Tata Ruang Dalam ...........................................................................95
5.6 Konsep Penerapan Tema ..............................................................................96
5.7 Konsep Utilitas .............................................................................................97
5.7.1 Konsep Air Bersih ..................................................................................97
5.7.2 Konsep Air Kotor ...................................................................................97
5.7.3 Konsep Elektrikal...................................................................................98
5.7.4 Konsep Penghawaan ..............................................................................98
5.7.5 Konsep Telepon .....................................................................................99
5.7.5 Konsep Kebakaran ...............................................................................100
5.8 Konsep Struktur ..........................................................................................101
BAB VI HASIL PERANCANGAN ..................................................................102
KESIMPULAN .................................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... xiv
LAMPIRAN
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR GAMBAR
1.1 Rencana Penggemukan Kota Medan....................................................................... 1
2.1 Perencanaan Urban Renewal Kawasan Pulo Brayan .......................................... 11
2.2 Lokasi Site di Jalan Pertama .................................................................................. 12
2.3 Lokasi Site di Jalan Cemara ................................................................................... 13
2.4 Lokasi Site di Jalan Bengkel .................................................................................. 14
2.5 Peta Penggunaan Lahan Eksisting ......................................................................... 21
2.6 Peta Pola Ruang Kecamatan Medan Timur ......................................................... 25
2.7 Hongkong Museum of History .............................................................................. 33
2.8 Lobby Hongkong Museum of History .................................................................. 33
2.9 Interior Hongkong Museum of History ................................................................ 34
2.10 Museum Fatahillah Jakarta................................................................................... 35
2.11 Perkembangan Museum Fatahillah ..................................................................... 36
2.12 Halaman Depan Museum Fatahillah ................................................................... 36
2.13 Interior Museum Fatahillah .................................................................................. 38
2.14 Penjara Bawah Tanah Museum Fatahillah ......................................................... 38
2.15 Museum Jogja Kembali ........................................................................................ 39
2.16 Perspektif Mata Burung Museum Jogja Kembali ............................................. 39
2.17 Interior Museum Jogja Kembali .......................................................................... 40
2.18 Istana Budaya Kuala Lumpur .............................................................................. 44
2.19 Istana Budaya Kuala Lumpur. ............................................................................. 44
2.20 Atap Istana Budaya Kuala Lumpur.. ................................................................... 44
2.21 Interior Lobby Istana Budaya Kuala Lumpur. ................................................... 45
2.22 Interior Teater Istana Budaya Kuala Lumpur. ................................................... 45
2.23 Mesjid Raya Sumatera Barat................................................................................ 46
2.24 Perspektif Mesjid Raya Sumatera Barat ............................................................. 47
2.25 Interior Mesjid Raya Sumatera Barat ................................................................. 47
3.1 Gambar Rancangan Kawasan Awal ...................................................................... 51
3.2 Gambar Maket Kawasan Eksisting ..................................................................51
3.3 Gambar Proses Revisi Perancangan Kawasan ..................................................... 52
3.4 Alternatif Masterplan Kawasan Tanjung Balai.................................................... 53
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3.5 Suasana Kota Tanjung Balai .................................................................................. 54
3.6 Gambar Hasil Akhir Perancangan Kawasan ........................................................ 55
3.7 Perancangan Suasana Pulo Brayan ........................................................................ 57
3.8 Masterplan Green Deli Oasis ................................................................................. 58
4.1 Peta Lokasi Site ........................................................................................................ 59
4.2 Peta Tata Guna Lahan Eksisting ............................................................................ 60
4.3 Peta Kontur Lokasi Perancangan ........................................................................... 61
4.4 Peta Pemanfaatan Ruang Lokasi............................................................................ 62
4.5 Peta Bangunan Sekitar ............................................................................................ 63
4.6 Sarana Pendidikan di Lokasi Perancangan ........................................................... 65
4.7 Sarana Kesehatan di Lokasi Perancangan ............................................................ 65
4.8 Sarana Ibadah di Lokasi Perancangan .................................................................. 66
4.9 Peta Analisa Sirkulasi.............................................................................................. 68
4.10 Peta Analisa View Lokasi .................................................................................... 69
4.11 Analisa Matahari .................................................................................................... 70
4.12 Analisa Angin ....................................................................................................... 71
4.13 Analisa Kebisingan .............................................................................................. 72
4.14 Tungku Memasak Batak Dalihan Natolu .......................................................... 80
4.4 Building Configuration .......................................................................................... 73
4.5 Tahap 1 Pembentukan Massa ................................................................................ 74
4.6 Tahap 2 Pembentukan Massa ................................................................................ 74
4.7 Tahap 3 Pembentukan Massa ................................................................................ 74
4.8 Tahap 4 Pembentukan Massa ................................................................................ 75
4.9 Tahap 5 Pembentukan Massa ................................................................................ 75
4.10 Tahap 6 Pembentukan Massa............................................................................... 76
4.11 Analisa Matahari .................................................................................................... 77
4.12 Analisa Angin ........................................................................................................ 78
4.13 Analisa Kebisingan................................................................................................ 80
4.14 Analisa Pencapaian................................................................................................ 81
4.15 Analisa Sirkulasi .................................................................................................... 82
4.16 Analisa View .......................................................................................................... 84
5.1 Tahap Pertama Gubahan Massa ............................................................................. 88
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
5.2 Tahap Kedua Gubahan Massa ................................................................................ 88
5.3 Tahap Ketiga Gubahan Massa ............................................................................... 89
5.4 Tahap Keempat Gubahan Massa ........................................................................... 89
5.5 Konsep Matahari ...................................................................................................... 90
5.6 Penerapan Konsep Matahari................................................................................... 90
5.7 Konsep Angin........................................................................................................... 91
5.8 Konsep Penerapan Angin ....................................................................................... 91
5.9 Penerapan Konsep Kebisingan............................................................................... 92
5.10 Konsep Sirkulasi Kendaraan ................................................................................ 93
5.11 Konsep Penzoningan ............................................................................................. 94
5.12 Konsep Tata Ruang Dalam................................................................................... 95
5.13 Konsep Penerapan Tema ...................................................................................... 96
5.14 Konsep Skematik Air Bersih................................................................................ 97
5.15 Konsep Skematik Air Kotor ................................................................................. 97
5.16 Konsep Skematik Listrik ...................................................................................... 98
5.17 Konsep Skematik AC ............................................................................................ 98
5.18 Konsep Skematik Telepon.................................................................................... 99
5.19 Konsep Skematik Pemadam Kebakaran ........................................................... 100
5.20 Konsep Struktur ................................................................................................... 101
6.1 Masterplan Green Deli Oasis ............................................................................... 102
6.2 Suasana Eksterior Museum Medan Heritage 1 .................................................. 103
6.3 Suasana Eksterior Museum Medan Heritage 2 .................................................. 103
6.4 Suasana Eksterior Museum Medan Heritage 3 .................................................. 104
6.5 Suasana Eksterior Museum Medan Heritage 4 .................................................. 104
6.6 Suasana Eksterior Museum Medan Heritage 5 .................................................. 105
6.7 Suasana Eksterior Museum Medan Heritage 6 .................................................. 105
6.8 Suasana Interior Ruang Pameran 1...................................................................... 106
6.9 Suasana Interior Ruang Pameran 2...................................................................... 107
6.10 Suasana Interior Restoran ................................................................................... 108
6.11 Suasana Interior Ruang Audio Visual............................................................... 109
6.12 Suasana Interior Void.......................................................................................... 109
6.13 Maket Green Deli Oasis...................................................................................... 110
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6.14 Maket Museum Medan Heritage 1 .................................................................... 110
6.15 Maket Museum Medan Heritage 2 .................................................................... 111
6.16 Maket Museum Medan Heritage 3 .................................................................... 111
6.17 Maket Museum Medan Heritage 4 .................................................................... 112
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DAFTAR TABEL
2.1 Tabel Perbandingan Nilai Lokasi .......................................................................... 15
2.2 Rencana Sistem Pusat Permukiman Kawasan Perkotaan Mebidangro ............ 16
2.3 Potensi Pengembangan Wilayah Kota Medan ..................................................... 17
2.4 Standard Luasan Museum....................................................................................... 30
4.1 Tabel Karakter Lingkungan.................................................................................... 68
4.2 Program Ruang Luar Museum ............................................................................... 76
4.3 Program Ruang Luar Museum ............................................................................... 77
4.4 Program Ruang Luar Museum ............................................................................... 77
4.5 Program Ruang Luar Museum ............................................................................... 78
4.6 Program Ruang Luar Museum ............................................................................... 79
4.7 Program Ruang Luar Museum ............................................................................... 80
4.8 Tabel Penghawaan ................................................................................................... 86
4.7 Program Ruang Luar Museum ............................................................................... 80
4.7 Program Ruang Luar Museum ............................................................................... 80
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DAFTAR DIAGRAM
2.1 Pencapaian Lokasi Site ........................................................................................... 19
2.2 Perilaku Pengunjung................................................................................................ 29
2.3 Perilaku Pengelola ................................................................................................... 29
2.4 Perilaku Servis ......................................................................................................... 30
4.1 Sistem Elektrikal ...................................................................................................... 84
4.2 Sistem Air Bersih .................................................................................................... 84
4.3 Sistem Pembuangan Air Kotor Cair ..................................................................... 84
4.5 Sistem Pembuangan Air Kotor Padat ................................................................... 85
4.2 Sistem Pengkondisian Udara Buatan ................................................................... 86
4.2 Sistem Air Bersih .................................................................................................... 84
4.2 Sistem Air Bersih .................................................................................................... 84
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KAWASAN PULO BRAYAN
SKRIPSI
OLEH
TARMIZI MUKHLIS
120406056
DEPARTEMEN ARSITEKTUR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2016
Universitas Sumatera Utara
PERANCANGAN MUSEUM SEJARAH KOTA MEDAN DI
KAWASAN PULO BRAYAN
SKRIPSI
Sebagai Persyaratan untuk Memperoleh Gelar
Sarjana Teknik
OLEH
TARMIZI MUKHLIS
120406056
DOSEN PEMBIMBING
Ir.Rudolf Sitorus.,MLA
DEPARTEMEN ARSITEKTUR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2016
Universitas Sumatera Utara
PERNYATAAN
Perancangan Museum Sejarah Kota Medan Di Kawasan Pulo Brayan
SKRIPSI
Dengan ini penulis menyatakan bahwa dalam skripsi ini tidak terdapat
karya yang pernah diajukan untuk memperoleh gelar kesarjanaan di suatu
perguruan tinggi, dan sepanjang pengetahuan penulis juga tidak terdapat karya
atau pendapat yang pernah ditulis atau diterbitkan oleh orang lain, kecuali yang
secara tertulis diacu dalam naskah ini dan disebutkan dalam daftar pustaka.
Medan,
Juni 2016
Penulis
Tarmizi Mukhlis
120406056
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Judul Skripsi
: Perancangan Museum Sejarah Kota Medan
Di Kawasan Pulo Brayan
Nama Mahasiswa
: Tarmizi Mukhlis
Nomor Induk Mahasiwa
: 120406056
Departemen
: Arsitektur
Disetujui Oleh:
Dosen Pembimbing Skripsi,
Ir.Rudolf Sitorus.,MLA
NIP : 195802241986011002
Koordinator Skripsi
Ketua Departemen Arsitektur
Dr. Ir. Nelson M. Siahaan, Dipl.TP, M.Arch.
Ir. N. Vinky Rahman, M.T.
NIP. 19581127 198701 1 001
NIP. 19660622 199702 1 001
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tanggal Lulus
: 29 Juni 2016
Telah diuji pada
tanggal
: 29 Juni 2016
Penguji Skripsi
Ketua Penguji
: Ir.Rudolf Sitorus.,MLA
Anggota Penguji
: Andalucia.,ST, M.Sc
Ir.Samsul Bahri, MT
Universitas Sumatera Utara
SURAT HASIL PENILAIAN PROYEK SKRIPSI
Nama
: Tarmizi Mukhlis
NIM
: 1204060056
Judul Skripsi
: Perancangan Museum Sejarah Kota Medan Di
Kawasan Pulo Brayan
Tema
: Neo-Vernakular
Rekapitulasi Nilai
A
B+
B
C+
C
Dengan ini mahasiswa yang bersangkutan dinyatakan:
Waktu
No.
Status
Pengumpulan
Skripsi
1.
Lulus Langsung
2.
Lulus Melengkapi
3.
Perbaikan
4.
Tidak Lulus
Medan,
Paraf
Pembimbing
Paraf
Koordinator
Skripsi
Juni 2016
Koordinator Skripsi,
Ketua Departemen Arsitektur,
Dr.Ir. Nelson M. Siahaan, Dipl.TP,M.Arch
Ir. N Vinky Rahman, MT
NIP. 195811271987011001
NIP.196606221997021
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Medan memiliki kekayaan budaya yang tidak dimiliki oleh beberapa kota
lain di Indonesia. Kelebihan ini akan sangat menunjang rencana pemerintah dalam
mewujudkan kawasan ekonomi khusus (KEK) kota Medan. Pulo brayan
merupakan salah satu kawasan pinggir kota yang memiliki banyak potensi untuk
dikembangkan menjadi daya tarik bagi kota medan. Kawasan ini terletak di posisi
strategis yang akan mengakselerasi program Nasional dan regional Mebidangro.
Untuk itu perlu adanya pembenahan demi menghidupkan kembali ruh kejayaan
dari kawasan ini. Rancangan “Green Deli Oasis” menyediakan beberapa sarana
dan akan digunakan pada kawasan ini untuk mendatangkan pengunjung baik dari
dalam maupun luar kota.
Museum Sejarah Kota Medan merupakan salah satu bangunan penunjang
bagi kawasan Pulo Brayan. Museum ini berfungsi sebagai sarana pendidikan
sejarah yang ditujukan untuk masyarakat agar lebih mengenal nilai – nilai sejarah
yang dimiliki Kota Medan. Langkah – langkah yang dilakukan dalam proses
perancangan museum ini adalah dengan melakukan studi pustaka yang bertujuan
untuk mendapatkan penjelasan tentang perancangan, studi pengamatan untuk
mengumpulkan data fisik, dan studi literatur sebagai referensi, dan wawancara
dengan penduduk lokal untuk mendapatkan data yang lebih akurat.
Tema yang digunakan museum adalah Neo – Vernakular untuk
mengangkat budaya lokal Kota Medan. “Dalihan Natolu” merupakan filosofi
batak yang diterapkan di museum ini. Filosofi ini menggambarkan tungku
memasak adat batak yang memiliki tiga kaki sebagai penopangnya, dan
mempunyai makna keharmonisan kekeluargaan yang melambangkan Kota
Medan. Filosofi melayu “Itik Pulang Petang” juga diterapkan dalam museum ini
dan mempunyai makna kekompakan yang dimiliki penduduk Kota Medan.
Kata kunci : Kota Medan, Pulo Brayan, Museum Sejarah, Neo-Vernakular
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Medan has a rich culture that is not owned by some other cities in
Indonesia. This excess will support the government's plan in creating special
economic zones (SEZ) in Medan. Pulo Brayan is one of suburb that has a lot of
potential to be developed into an attraction for the city. This area is located in a
strategic position that will accelerate national and regional programs of
Mebidangro. Therefore, reform is needed in order to rise the spirit of the glory of
this region. The design "Green Deli Oasis" provides several facilities and will be
used in this area to bring visitors from both inside and outside the city.
Museum Medan Heritage is one of the supporting buildings for Pulo
Brayan region. This museum serves education history intended for public to
recognize the value of history that owned by Medan City. Steps by steps taken in
the process design of this museum is literature review to get an explanation of
the design, an observational study to collect physical data, and literature studies
as references, and interviews with local people to obtain more accurate data.
The theme used by museum is Neo – Vernacular which has the goal to
rise the local culture of Medan. "Dalihan Natolu" is the philosophy of Batak
applied in this museum. This philosophy describes the stove cooking traditional
Batak which has three legs as the structure, and has meaning familial harmony
that symbolizes the city of Medan. Philosophy melayu "Itik Pulang Petang" is also
applied in this museum and has meaning compactness that owned by people of
Medan.
.Keyword : Medan City, Pulo Brayan, Museum History, Neo-Vernakular
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KATA PENGANTAR
Segala puji bagi Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, Allah SWT. Salawat dan salam
kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW, sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi yang
berjudul Perancangan Museum Sejarah Kota Medan di Kawasan Pulo Brayan.
Saya menyadari bahwa keberhasilan dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini
tidak lepas dari doa, bimbingan, pengarahan, dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak.
Untuk itu, saya mengucapkan terima kasih kepada yang terhormat:
1. Ir.Rudolf Sitorus.,MLA selaku Dosen Pembimbing saya, yang senantiasa
memberikan nasihat dan bimbingan dengan penuh kesabaran.
2. Ibu Andalucia.,ST, M.Sc. dan Ir.Samsul Bahri, MT selaku Dosen Penguji.
3. Bapak Ir. N. Vinky Rahman, M.T., selaku Ketua Departemen Arsitektur
4. Bapak Dr.Ir. Nelson M. Siahaan, Dipl.TP,M.Arch selaku Dosen
Koordinator Perancangan Arsitektur 6.
5. Bapak Devin Defriza Harisdani, S.T., M.T selaku Dosen Wali saya.
6. Orang tua saya, Ernawati, yang senantiasa mendoakan saya
7. Keluarga besar, yang telah mendukung saya dan senantiasa mendoakan
saya.
8. Seluruh dosen dan staf di Departemen Arsitektur.
9. Almamater Departemen Arsitektur dan teman-teman saya yang senantiasa
mendukung, membantu, dan mendoakan.
10. Pihak-pihak lain yang tidak dapat saya sebutkan namanya satu per satu.
Skripsi ini masih memiliki banyak kekurangan, semoga dapat bermanfaat bagi
banyak pihak.Oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran pembaca sangat diharapkan.
Medan,
Juni 2016
Hormat saya,
Tarmizi Mukhlis
120406056
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DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ ii
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR DIAGRAM ................................................................................................... xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................ 1
1.1 Latar Belakang................................................................................................1
1.2 Maksud dan Tujuan ........................................................................................5
1.3 Masalah Perancangan .....................................................................................5
1.4 Pendekatan ......................................................................................................6
1.5 Lingkup/Batasan .............................................................................................6
1.6 Kerangka Berfikir ...........................................................................................8
1.7 Sistematika Penulisan Laporan.......................................................................9
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA..........................................................................10
2.1 Terminologi Judul ........................................................................................10
2.2 Lokasi ...........................................................................................................10
2.2.1 Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi ......................................................................12
2.2.2 Deskripsi Kondisi Existing Lokasi Sebagai Tapak Rancangan .............20
2.3 Tinjauan Umum Proyek ...............................................................................22
2.3.1 Perkembangan Kota ...............................................................................20
2.3.2 Kebijakan Pembangunan........................................................................23
2.3.3 Deskripsi Proyek ....................................................................................25
2.3.4 Klasifikasi Museum ...............................................................................27
2.4 Tinjauan Fungsi ............................................................................................28
2.4.1 Deskripsi Penggunaan dan Kegiatan......................................................28
2.4.2 Deskripsi Pelaku ....................................................................................29
2.4.3 Deskripsi Persyaratan dan Kriteria Ruang .............................................30
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2.4.4 Studi Banding Proyek Sejenis ................................................................33
2.5 Elaborasi Tema .............................................................................................33
2.5.1 Pengertian Neo Vernakular ....................................................................41
2.5.2 Interpretasi Tema ...................................................................................41
2.5.3 Keterkaitan Tema Dengan Judul ............................................................42
2.5.4 Studi Banding Arsitektur Tema Sejenis .................................................43
BAB III METODE PENDEKATAN PERANCANGAN ..................................48
3.1 Tahap 1 .........................................................................................................48
3.2 Tahap 2 .........................................................................................................49
3.3 Tahap 3 .........................................................................................................49
3.4 Tahap 4 .........................................................................................................51
3.5 Tahap 5 .........................................................................................................52
3.6 Tahap 6 .........................................................................................................53
3.7 Tahap 7 .........................................................................................................55
3.8 Tahap 8 .........................................................................................................56
3.9 Tahap 9 .........................................................................................................58
BAB IV ANALISA PERANCANGAN ...............................................................59
4.1 Analisa Kondisi Tapak dan Lingkungan ......................................................59
4.1.1 Analisa Lokasi........................................................................................60
4.1.2 Analisa Tata Guna Lahan .......................................................................60
4.1.3 Analisa Kontur .......................................................................................61
4.1.4 Analisa Peraturan ...................................................................................62
4.1.5 Analisa Bangunan Sekitar ......................................................................63
4.1.6 Analisa Lalu Lintas ................................................................................64
4.1.7 Analisa Prasarana ...................................................................................65
4.1.8 Analisa Karakteristik Lingkungan Sekitar .............................................66
4.1.9 Analisa Sirkulasi ....................................................................................68
4.1.10 Analisa View ........................................................................................69
4.1.11 Analisa Matahari ..................................................................................70
4.1.12 Analisa Angin ......................................................................................71
4.1.13 Analisa Kebisingan ..............................................................................72
4.2 Analisa Fungsional .......................................................................................73
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4.2.1 Analisa Kebutuhan Ruang & Program Ruang .......................................73
4.2.2 Analisa Bentuk Massa ............................................................................79
4.3 Analisa Teknologi ........................................................................................80
4.3.1 Analisa Struktur .....................................................................................80
4.3.2 Analisa Utilitas .......................................................................................82
4.4 Kesimpulan ...................................................................................................88
BAB V KONSEP ..................................................................................................88
5.1 Konsep Massa ...............................................................................................88
5.2 Konsep Perancangan ...................................................................................90
5.2.1 Konsep Matahari ....................................................................................90
5.2.2 Konsep Angin ........................................................................................91
5.2.3 Konsep Kebisingan ................................................................................92
5.3 Konsep Sirkulasi ...........................................................................................93
5.4 Konsep Zoning .............................................................................................94
5.5 Konsep Tata Ruang Dalam ...........................................................................95
5.6 Konsep Penerapan Tema ..............................................................................96
5.7 Konsep Utilitas .............................................................................................97
5.7.1 Konsep Air Bersih ..................................................................................97
5.7.2 Konsep Air Kotor ...................................................................................97
5.7.3 Konsep Elektrikal...................................................................................98
5.7.4 Konsep Penghawaan ..............................................................................98
5.7.5 Konsep Telepon .....................................................................................99
5.7.5 Konsep Kebakaran ...............................................................................100
5.8 Konsep Struktur ..........................................................................................101
BAB VI HASIL PERANCANGAN ..................................................................102
KESIMPULAN .................................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... xiv
LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
1.1 Rencana Penggemukan Kota Medan....................................................................... 1
2.1 Perencanaan Urban Renewal Kawasan Pulo Brayan .......................................... 11
2.2 Lokasi Site di Jalan Pertama .................................................................................. 12
2.3 Lokasi Site di Jalan Cemara ................................................................................... 13
2.4 Lokasi Site di Jalan Bengkel .................................................................................. 14
2.5 Peta Penggunaan Lahan Eksisting ......................................................................... 21
2.6 Peta Pola Ruang Kecamatan Medan Timur ......................................................... 25
2.7 Hongkong Museum of History .............................................................................. 33
2.8 Lobby Hongkong Museum of History .................................................................. 33
2.9 Interior Hongkong Museum of History ................................................................ 34
2.10 Museum Fatahillah Jakarta................................................................................... 35
2.11 Perkembangan Museum Fatahillah ..................................................................... 36
2.12 Halaman Depan Museum Fatahillah ................................................................... 36
2.13 Interior Museum Fatahillah .................................................................................. 38
2.14 Penjara Bawah Tanah Museum Fatahillah ......................................................... 38
2.15 Museum Jogja Kembali ........................................................................................ 39
2.16 Perspektif Mata Burung Museum Jogja Kembali ............................................. 39
2.17 Interior Museum Jogja Kembali .......................................................................... 40
2.18 Istana Budaya Kuala Lumpur .............................................................................. 44
2.19 Istana Budaya Kuala Lumpur. ............................................................................. 44
2.20 Atap Istana Budaya Kuala Lumpur.. ................................................................... 44
2.21 Interior Lobby Istana Budaya Kuala Lumpur. ................................................... 45
2.22 Interior Teater Istana Budaya Kuala Lumpur. ................................................... 45
2.23 Mesjid Raya Sumatera Barat................................................................................ 46
2.24 Perspektif Mesjid Raya Sumatera Barat ............................................................. 47
2.25 Interior Mesjid Raya Sumatera Barat ................................................................. 47
3.1 Gambar Rancangan Kawasan Awal ...................................................................... 51
3.2 Gambar Maket Kawasan Eksisting ..................................................................51
3.3 Gambar Proses Revisi Perancangan Kawasan ..................................................... 52
3.4 Alternatif Masterplan Kawasan Tanjung Balai.................................................... 53
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3.5 Suasana Kota Tanjung Balai .................................................................................. 54
3.6 Gambar Hasil Akhir Perancangan Kawasan ........................................................ 55
3.7 Perancangan Suasana Pulo Brayan ........................................................................ 57
3.8 Masterplan Green Deli Oasis ................................................................................. 58
4.1 Peta Lokasi Site ........................................................................................................ 59
4.2 Peta Tata Guna Lahan Eksisting ............................................................................ 60
4.3 Peta Kontur Lokasi Perancangan ........................................................................... 61
4.4 Peta Pemanfaatan Ruang Lokasi............................................................................ 62
4.5 Peta Bangunan Sekitar ............................................................................................ 63
4.6 Sarana Pendidikan di Lokasi Perancangan ........................................................... 65
4.7 Sarana Kesehatan di Lokasi Perancangan ............................................................ 65
4.8 Sarana Ibadah di Lokasi Perancangan .................................................................. 66
4.9 Peta Analisa Sirkulasi.............................................................................................. 68
4.10 Peta Analisa View Lokasi .................................................................................... 69
4.11 Analisa Matahari .................................................................................................... 70
4.12 Analisa Angin ....................................................................................................... 71
4.13 Analisa Kebisingan .............................................................................................. 72
4.14 Tungku Memasak Batak Dalihan Natolu .......................................................... 80
4.4 Building Configuration .......................................................................................... 73
4.5 Tahap 1 Pembentukan Massa ................................................................................ 74
4.6 Tahap 2 Pembentukan Massa ................................................................................ 74
4.7 Tahap 3 Pembentukan Massa ................................................................................ 74
4.8 Tahap 4 Pembentukan Massa ................................................................................ 75
4.9 Tahap 5 Pembentukan Massa ................................................................................ 75
4.10 Tahap 6 Pembentukan Massa............................................................................... 76
4.11 Analisa Matahari .................................................................................................... 77
4.12 Analisa Angin ........................................................................................................ 78
4.13 Analisa Kebisingan................................................................................................ 80
4.14 Analisa Pencapaian................................................................................................ 81
4.15 Analisa Sirkulasi .................................................................................................... 82
4.16 Analisa View .......................................................................................................... 84
5.1 Tahap Pertama Gubahan Massa ............................................................................. 88
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5.2 Tahap Kedua Gubahan Massa ................................................................................ 88
5.3 Tahap Ketiga Gubahan Massa ............................................................................... 89
5.4 Tahap Keempat Gubahan Massa ........................................................................... 89
5.5 Konsep Matahari ...................................................................................................... 90
5.6 Penerapan Konsep Matahari................................................................................... 90
5.7 Konsep Angin........................................................................................................... 91
5.8 Konsep Penerapan Angin ....................................................................................... 91
5.9 Penerapan Konsep Kebisingan............................................................................... 92
5.10 Konsep Sirkulasi Kendaraan ................................................................................ 93
5.11 Konsep Penzoningan ............................................................................................. 94
5.12 Konsep Tata Ruang Dalam................................................................................... 95
5.13 Konsep Penerapan Tema ...................................................................................... 96
5.14 Konsep Skematik Air Bersih................................................................................ 97
5.15 Konsep Skematik Air Kotor ................................................................................. 97
5.16 Konsep Skematik Listrik ...................................................................................... 98
5.17 Konsep Skematik AC ............................................................................................ 98
5.18 Konsep Skematik Telepon.................................................................................... 99
5.19 Konsep Skematik Pemadam Kebakaran ........................................................... 100
5.20 Konsep Struktur ................................................................................................... 101
6.1 Masterplan Green Deli Oasis ............................................................................... 102
6.2 Suasana Eksterior Museum Medan Heritage 1 .................................................. 103
6.3 Suasana Eksterior Museum Medan Heritage 2 .................................................. 103
6.4 Suasana Eksterior Museum Medan Heritage 3 .................................................. 104
6.5 Suasana Eksterior Museum Medan Heritage 4 .................................................. 104
6.6 Suasana Eksterior Museum Medan Heritage 5 .................................................. 105
6.7 Suasana Eksterior Museum Medan Heritage 6 .................................................. 105
6.8 Suasana Interior Ruang Pameran 1...................................................................... 106
6.9 Suasana Interior Ruang Pameran 2...................................................................... 107
6.10 Suasana Interior Restoran ................................................................................... 108
6.11 Suasana Interior Ruang Audio Visual............................................................... 109
6.12 Suasana Interior Void.......................................................................................... 109
6.13 Maket Green Deli Oasis...................................................................................... 110
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6.14 Maket Museum Medan Heritage 1 .................................................................... 110
6.15 Maket Museum Medan Heritage 2 .................................................................... 111
6.16 Maket Museum Medan Heritage 3 .................................................................... 111
6.17 Maket Museum Medan Heritage 4 .................................................................... 112
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DAFTAR TABEL
2.1 Tabel Perbandingan Nilai Lokasi .......................................................................... 15
2.2 Rencana Sistem Pusat Permukiman Kawasan Perkotaan Mebidangro ............ 16
2.3 Potensi Pengembangan Wilayah Kota Medan ..................................................... 17
2.4 Standard Luasan Museum....................................................................................... 30
4.1 Tabel Karakter Lingkungan.................................................................................... 68
4.2 Program Ruang Luar Museum ............................................................................... 76
4.3 Program Ruang Luar Museum ............................................................................... 77
4.4 Program Ruang Luar Museum ............................................................................... 77
4.5 Program Ruang Luar Museum ............................................................................... 78
4.6 Program Ruang Luar Museum ............................................................................... 79
4.7 Program Ruang Luar Museum ............................................................................... 80
4.8 Tabel Penghawaan ................................................................................................... 86
4.7 Program Ruang Luar Museum ............................................................................... 80
4.7 Program Ruang Luar Museum ............................................................................... 80
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DAFTAR DIAGRAM
2.1 Pencapaian Lokasi Site ........................................................................................... 19
2.2 Perilaku Pengunjung................................................................................................ 29
2.3 Perilaku Pengelola ................................................................................................... 29
2.4 Perilaku Servis ......................................................................................................... 30
4.1 Sistem Elektrikal ...................................................................................................... 84
4.2 Sistem Air Bersih .................................................................................................... 84
4.3 Sistem Pembuangan Air Kotor Cair ..................................................................... 84
4.5 Sistem Pembuangan Air Kotor Padat ................................................................... 85
4.2 Sistem Pengkondisian Udara Buatan ................................................................... 86
4.2 Sistem Air Bersih .................................................................................................... 84
4.2 Sistem Air Bersih .................................................................................................... 84
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