Hubungan Nilai Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) Dengan Skor Apache II Sebagai Prediktor Mortalitas Pada Pasien Sepsis Berat di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik Medan
65
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Agrawal BK, Manchanda B, Garg A, Mittal A, Mahajan NC, and Agrawal U.
Mean platelet volume in acute myocardial infarction: a case-controlled study.
Journal of Cardiovascular Research. 2015; 1:4.
Alshorman A, Maghayreh M, Khriesat W, Swedan S. The Effect of Neonatal
Sepsis on Platelet Count and their. Indices. Med J. 2008; Vol.42 (2): 82-86.
American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes
Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:62-69.
Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, et al. Epidemiology of severe sepsis in
the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care.
Crit Care Med. 2001;29:1303-1310.
Annane D, Bellissant E, Cavaillon JM. Septic shock. The Lancet, 2005;365
Artero A, Zaragoza R, Nogueira JM. Epidemiology of Severe Sepsis and Septic
Shock. Departaments of Medicine and Microbiology, Universitat de València.
Spain. 2012.
Aydin B, Zenciroglu A, Dilli D, Erol S, Ozyazici E, Karadag N, et al. The
predictive values of Mean platelet volume (MPV) in the diagnosis of neonatal
sepsis. Arch Dis Child. 2012;97(2):A1–A539.
Balk RA. Pathogenesis and management of multiple organ dysfunctionor failure
in severe sepsis and septic shock. Critical Care Clinics. 2000;16(2):1-10.
Becchi C, Al Malyan M, Fabbri LP. Mean platelet volume trend in sepsis: is it a
useful parameter? Minerva Anestesiol. 2006;72:749-56.
Bessman JD, Gardner FH. Platelet size in thrombocytopenia due tosepsis. Surg
GynecolObstet. 1983;156:177-80.
Bessman JD, Gilmer PR, Gardner FH. Use of mean platelet volume improves
detection of platelet disorders. Blood Cells. 1985;11:127-35.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
66
Bion JF. Quantifying critical illness. [book auth.] Browne DRG, Sibbald Tinker J.
Critical care standards, audit and ethics. s.l. : Oxford University Press, 1996;
276-88.
Brass LF, Stalker TJ. Mechanism of Platelet Activation. In: Gresele P, Fuster V,
Page JA. et al. Platelets in Hematologic and Cardiovascular Disorders. UK:
Cambridge University Press. 2008: 37-48.
Breslow MJ, Badawi O. Maximizing Value From Outcome Prediction Scoring
Systems. CHEST. 2012; 141(2):518-527.
Calverley DC, Maness LJ. Platelet Function in Hemostasis and Thrombosis. In:
Greer JP, Foerster J, Lukens JN, et al. (ed.). Wintrobe`s Clinical Hematology,
11th edition. USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2004: 651-669.
Cho SY, Yang JJ, Nam YS, Suh JT, Park TS, Lee HJ, et al. Mean platelet volume
in patients with increased procalcitonin level. Platelets. 2013; 24(3): 246–247.
Cohen J. The immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Nature. 2002;420:19-26.
Comosa N and Reilly S. Platelet Closure Time in Severe Sepsis and Shock Major
Qualifying Project. Infect Dis Clin. 2009;5:127-137.
Cox D. Platelet Function Studies. In: Quinn M, Fitzgerald. Platelet Function:
Assessment, Diagnosis and Treatment. New Jersey: Humana Press Inc. 2005.
Danai PA, Moss M, Mannino DM, et al. The epidemiology of sepsis in patients
with malignancy. Chest. 2006;129:1432-1440.
Dastugue N, Picheloup F, Sie P. Increase in mean platelet volume inshock related
thrombocytopenia. Nouv Presse Med. 1982;11:2899-901.
Debili N, Masse JM, Katz A, Guichard J, Breton J, Vainchenker W. Effect of the
recombinant hematopoetic growth factors interleukin-3,interleukin-6,stem cell
factor and leukemia inhibitory factor on the megacaryocytic differentiation of
CD34+ cells.Blood. 1993;82:84-95.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
67
Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Vincent JL et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign:
international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit
Care Med. 2008;36:296-327.
Dellinger et. al., Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for
Management of Severe Sepsis and Sptic Shock: 2012. J Critical Care
Medicine. February : 2013; 41:2
Eberhardt A, Lessig F, Schreiter K, Kellner N, Fuchs M, Sablotzki A, et al. Mean
platelet volume (MPV) is an outcome marker in sepsis patients. International
Journal of Infectious Disease. 2013;41:12.
Faranita T, Trisnawati Y, Lubis M. Gangguan Koagulasi Pada Sepsis. Sari
Pediatri, 2011; 13:226-232.
Ferreiro JL, Gomez-Hospital JA, Angiolillo DJ. Platelet Abnormalities in
Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research. 2010;7(4):251259.
Greisenegger S, Endler G, Hsieh K, Tentschert S, Mannhalter C, and Lalouschek
W. Is Elevated Mean Platelet Volume Associated With a Worse Outcome in
Patients With Acute Ischemic Cerebrovascular Events?. Stroke. 2004;35:16881691;
Guclu E, Durmaz Y, Karabay O. Effect of severe sepsis on platelet countand their
indices. African Health Sciences. 2013;13(2):333-338.
Guida JD, Kunig AM, Leef KH, Mckenzie SE and Paul D. Platelet countand
sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: is there an organism specific respone.
Pediatrics. 2003;111(6):1411-1415.
Hong J, Min Z, Pan B, et. al. Investigation on Reference Intervals and Regional
Differences of Platelet Indices in Healthy Chinese Hn Adults. Journal of
Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 2015; 29 :21-27
Hotchkiss RS, Karl IE. The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis. N Eng J
Med. 2003;348(2):138–150.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
68
Husain FA, Martin MJ, Mullenix PS, Steele SR, Elliott DC. Serum lactate and
base deficit as predictors of mortality and morbidity. Am J Surg. 2003 ;
185(5):485-91.
Ikeda Y, Matsubara Y, Kamata T. Platelet Immunology: Structure, Functions and
Polymorphisms of Membrane Glycoproteins. In: Gresele P, Fuster V, Page JA,
et al. Platelets in Hematologic and Cardiovascular Disorders. UK: Cambridge
University Press. 2008: 21-30
Italiano JE. The Structure and Production of Blood Platelets. In: Gresele P, Fuster
V, Page JA, et al. Platelets in Hematologic and Cardiovascular Disorders. UK:
Cambridge University Press. 2008: 1-15.
J.Rello, M.I.Restrpo. Sepsis : New Strategies for Management. Berlin : Springer,
2008;1-142.
Jackson SR, Carter JM. Platelet Volume : Laboratory Measurement and Clinical
Application. Blood Review. Hemostatis and Trombosis. Longman Group UK
Ltd. New Zealand. 1993(7); 104-113
Jilma B, Blann A, Pernerstorfer T, Stohlawetz P, Eichler HG, Vondrovec B, et al.
Regulation of adhesion molecules during human endotoxemia, No acute effects
of aspirin. AM J Resp Crit Care Med.1999;159:857-863.
Jonathan M. Siner, MD. Sepsis: Definitions, Epidemiology, Etiology and
Pathogenesis. Chest, 2009.
Jurk K, Kehrel BE. Platelets:Physiology and Biochemistry. Seminars in
Thrombosis and Hemostasis. 2005;31(4): 381-390.
Kaplan, Lewis J, Kellum, Jhon A. Initial pH, base deficit, lactate, anion gap,
strong ion difference, strong ion gap predict outcome from major vascular
injury. Crit Care Med. 2004;32:1120-24.
Kaushansky K, Roth GJ. Megakaryocytes and Platelets. In : Greer JP, Foerster J,
Lukens JN, et al. (ed.). Wintrobe`s Clinical Hematology, 11th edition. USA:
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2004: 619-634.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
69
Kauss IAM, Grion CMC, Cardoso LTQ. The epidemiology of sepsis in
a
Brazilian teaching hospital. Brazilian J Infect Dis.2010;14(3):264–270.
Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. Apache II : A severity of
disease classification system. s.l. : Crit Care Med. 1985; 13:818-829.
Kodiatte TA, Manikyam UK, Rao SB, Jagadish TM, Reddy M, Lingaiah
HKM, and Lakshmaiah V. Mean Platelet Volume in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Journal Lab Physicians. 2012 Jan-Jun; 4(1): 5–9
Kukukardali Y, Onem Y, Terekeci H, Tangi F, Sahan B, Akyol A, et al. Mean
Platelet Volume (MPV) in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Patients: Is it a useful
parameter in assessing prediction for mortality? J Med MedSci. 2010;1(3):6164.
Levi M, Lowenberg EC. Thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients. Thromb
Hemost. 2008;34:417–24.
Linde-Zwirble WT, Angus DC. Severe sepsis epidemiology: sampling, selection,
and society. Care, Critical. USA : Care, Critical. 2004; 8:222-226.
Michelson AD, Furman MI. Markers of Platelet Activation and Granule
Secretion. In: Quinn M, Fitzgerald D, eds. Platelet Function; Assessment,
Diagnosis and Treatment. New Jersey: Humana Press. 2005: 307.
Miller JL, Rao K. Blood Platelets and von Willebrand Disease. In: McPherson
RA, Pincus MR. Henry`s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory
Methods, 21st edition. USA: Elsevier. 2007;747-754; 764-765
Nasronudin. Imunopatogenesis sepsis dan prinsip penatalaksanaan. Dalam :
Penyakit Infeksi di Indonesia, solusi kini dan mendatang, Airlangga University
Press. 2007:238-45.
Nguyen HB, Rivers EP, Knoblich BP, et al. Early lactate clearance is associated
with improved outcome in severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med.
2004;32:1637-42.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
70
O’Connor TA, Ringer KM, Gaddis ML. Mean platelet volume during coagulasenegative staphylococcal sepsis in neonates. Am J Clin Pathol. 1993;94:69–71.
O’Reilly M, Newcomb DE, Remick D. Endotoxin, sepsis, and the primrose path.
Shock .1999;12(6):411–420.
Oncel EK, Ozsurecki Y, Kara A, Karahan S, Cengiz AB, Ceyhan M. The value of
mean platelet volume in the determination of community acquired pneumonia
in children. Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 2013;39:16
Oncel MY, Ozdemir R, Yurttutan S, Canpolat FE, Erdeve O, Oguz SS, et al.
Mean platelet volume in neonatal sepsis. Arch Dis Child. 2012;97(Suppl
2):A1–A539.
Ostermann H, van de Loo J. Factors of the Hemostatic System in Diabetic
Patients: A Survey of Controlled Studies. Haemostasis. 1986;16:386-416.
Palazzo M. Assessment of severity and outcome of critical illness. [book auth.]
springer. Oh’s intensive care manual 5th ed. 2003; 11-19.
Patrick CH, Lazarchick J. The effect of bacteremia on automated platelet
measurements in neonates. Am J Clin Pathol. 1990;93:391-4.
Pittet D, Rangel FS, Li N, Tarara D, Costigan M. Systemic inflammatory respone
syndrome, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock: incidence, morbidities and
outcomes in surgical ICU patients. Intensive Care Med. 1995; 21: 302–09.
Pohan HT. Assessment of clinical and laboratory parameters
that reflect
inflammatory respone and organ function in sepsis. Med JIndones. 2005; 14:
26-32.
Purba
D.
Kadar
PCT
sebagai
marker
dan
hubungannya
dengan
derajat keparahan sepsis. USU Press. Medan. 2010
Rosmiati B, Wibawa SY, Darmawaty ER. Mean platelet volume in stroke.
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory, 2012; 19(1)
: 37 – 9.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
71
Sadaka F, Donnelly PL, Griffin MT, O’Brien J, Lakshmanan L.Mean Platelet
Volume is not a Useful Predictor of Mortality in Septic Shsock. J Blood
Disorders Transf. 2014;5(2):1-3.
Schraufnagel DE. Sepsis. Breathing in America:Diseases, Progress, and Hope.
USA : the American Thoracic Society, 2010:227.
Setiabudy RD. Hemostasis dan Trombosis. 4th edition. Jakarta: Balai Penebit
FKUI. 2009.
Shah AR, Chaudhari SN and Shah MH. Role of platelet parameters in diagnosing
various
clinical
conditions.
National
Journal
of
Medical
Research.
2013;3(2):162-165.
Sharma S, Kumar A. Septic shock, multiple orgn failure and acute respiratory
syndrome. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2003;9:199-209.
Sharron M, Hoptay CE, Wiles AA, Garvin LM, Geha M, Benton AS, et al.
Platelets Induce Apoptosis during Sepsis in a Contact-Dependent Manner That
Is Inhibited by GPIIb/IIIa. Blockade. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(7):1-8.
Sri, Sunarmiasih. In Sepsis : Pencetus gagal organ dan upaya penanggulannya.
Indonesian Journal of Intensive Care Medicine. 2011: 25-33.
Thompson CB, Love D, Quinn PG. Platelet size does not correlate with platelet
age. Blood. 1983;62:487-94.
Van der Lelie J, Von dem Borne AEG. Increased mean platelet volume in
septicaemia. J Clin Pathol.1983;36:693-6.
Venkata C, Kashyap R, Farmer JC, Afessa B.Thrombocytopenia in adult patients
with sepsis: incidence, risk factors, and its association with clinical outcome.
Journal of Intensive Care. 2013.1(9):1-10.
Wang YQ, Wang B, Liang Y, Cao S, Liu L, Xu X, et al. Role of platelet TLR4
expression in pathogensis of septic thrombocytopenia. World J Emerg Med.
2011;2(1):13-17.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
72
Watson SP, Harrison P. The Vascular Function of Platelets. In: Hoffbrand AV,
Catovsky D, Tuddenham EG. Postgraduate Haematology, 5th edition. USA:
Blackwell Publishing. 2005: 808-24.
Wilar R, Antolis Y ,Tatura SNN, Gunawan S. Jumlah trombosit dan mean platelet
volume sebagai faktor prognosis pada sepsis neonatorum. Sari Pediatri.
2010;12(1):53-7.
Woth G, Varga A, Ghosh S, Krupp M, Kiss T, Bogar R, et al. Platelet aggregation
in severe sepsis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2010;5:134-137.
Yaguchi A, Lobo FLM, Vincent JL, Pradier O. Platelet function in sepsis. J
Thromb Haemost. 2004;2:2096–2102.
Zhou XY, Ben SQ, Chen HL, Ni SS. A comparison of APACHE II and CPIS
scores for the prediction of 30-day mortality in patients with ventilatorassociated
pneumonia.
International
Journal
of
Infectious
Diseases.
(2015);30:144–147.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Agrawal BK, Manchanda B, Garg A, Mittal A, Mahajan NC, and Agrawal U.
Mean platelet volume in acute myocardial infarction: a case-controlled study.
Journal of Cardiovascular Research. 2015; 1:4.
Alshorman A, Maghayreh M, Khriesat W, Swedan S. The Effect of Neonatal
Sepsis on Platelet Count and their. Indices. Med J. 2008; Vol.42 (2): 82-86.
American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes
Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:62-69.
Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, et al. Epidemiology of severe sepsis in
the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care.
Crit Care Med. 2001;29:1303-1310.
Annane D, Bellissant E, Cavaillon JM. Septic shock. The Lancet, 2005;365
Artero A, Zaragoza R, Nogueira JM. Epidemiology of Severe Sepsis and Septic
Shock. Departaments of Medicine and Microbiology, Universitat de València.
Spain. 2012.
Aydin B, Zenciroglu A, Dilli D, Erol S, Ozyazici E, Karadag N, et al. The
predictive values of Mean platelet volume (MPV) in the diagnosis of neonatal
sepsis. Arch Dis Child. 2012;97(2):A1–A539.
Balk RA. Pathogenesis and management of multiple organ dysfunctionor failure
in severe sepsis and septic shock. Critical Care Clinics. 2000;16(2):1-10.
Becchi C, Al Malyan M, Fabbri LP. Mean platelet volume trend in sepsis: is it a
useful parameter? Minerva Anestesiol. 2006;72:749-56.
Bessman JD, Gardner FH. Platelet size in thrombocytopenia due tosepsis. Surg
GynecolObstet. 1983;156:177-80.
Bessman JD, Gilmer PR, Gardner FH. Use of mean platelet volume improves
detection of platelet disorders. Blood Cells. 1985;11:127-35.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
66
Bion JF. Quantifying critical illness. [book auth.] Browne DRG, Sibbald Tinker J.
Critical care standards, audit and ethics. s.l. : Oxford University Press, 1996;
276-88.
Brass LF, Stalker TJ. Mechanism of Platelet Activation. In: Gresele P, Fuster V,
Page JA. et al. Platelets in Hematologic and Cardiovascular Disorders. UK:
Cambridge University Press. 2008: 37-48.
Breslow MJ, Badawi O. Maximizing Value From Outcome Prediction Scoring
Systems. CHEST. 2012; 141(2):518-527.
Calverley DC, Maness LJ. Platelet Function in Hemostasis and Thrombosis. In:
Greer JP, Foerster J, Lukens JN, et al. (ed.). Wintrobe`s Clinical Hematology,
11th edition. USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2004: 651-669.
Cho SY, Yang JJ, Nam YS, Suh JT, Park TS, Lee HJ, et al. Mean platelet volume
in patients with increased procalcitonin level. Platelets. 2013; 24(3): 246–247.
Cohen J. The immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Nature. 2002;420:19-26.
Comosa N and Reilly S. Platelet Closure Time in Severe Sepsis and Shock Major
Qualifying Project. Infect Dis Clin. 2009;5:127-137.
Cox D. Platelet Function Studies. In: Quinn M, Fitzgerald. Platelet Function:
Assessment, Diagnosis and Treatment. New Jersey: Humana Press Inc. 2005.
Danai PA, Moss M, Mannino DM, et al. The epidemiology of sepsis in patients
with malignancy. Chest. 2006;129:1432-1440.
Dastugue N, Picheloup F, Sie P. Increase in mean platelet volume inshock related
thrombocytopenia. Nouv Presse Med. 1982;11:2899-901.
Debili N, Masse JM, Katz A, Guichard J, Breton J, Vainchenker W. Effect of the
recombinant hematopoetic growth factors interleukin-3,interleukin-6,stem cell
factor and leukemia inhibitory factor on the megacaryocytic differentiation of
CD34+ cells.Blood. 1993;82:84-95.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
67
Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Vincent JL et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign:
international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit
Care Med. 2008;36:296-327.
Dellinger et. al., Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for
Management of Severe Sepsis and Sptic Shock: 2012. J Critical Care
Medicine. February : 2013; 41:2
Eberhardt A, Lessig F, Schreiter K, Kellner N, Fuchs M, Sablotzki A, et al. Mean
platelet volume (MPV) is an outcome marker in sepsis patients. International
Journal of Infectious Disease. 2013;41:12.
Faranita T, Trisnawati Y, Lubis M. Gangguan Koagulasi Pada Sepsis. Sari
Pediatri, 2011; 13:226-232.
Ferreiro JL, Gomez-Hospital JA, Angiolillo DJ. Platelet Abnormalities in
Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research. 2010;7(4):251259.
Greisenegger S, Endler G, Hsieh K, Tentschert S, Mannhalter C, and Lalouschek
W. Is Elevated Mean Platelet Volume Associated With a Worse Outcome in
Patients With Acute Ischemic Cerebrovascular Events?. Stroke. 2004;35:16881691;
Guclu E, Durmaz Y, Karabay O. Effect of severe sepsis on platelet countand their
indices. African Health Sciences. 2013;13(2):333-338.
Guida JD, Kunig AM, Leef KH, Mckenzie SE and Paul D. Platelet countand
sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: is there an organism specific respone.
Pediatrics. 2003;111(6):1411-1415.
Hong J, Min Z, Pan B, et. al. Investigation on Reference Intervals and Regional
Differences of Platelet Indices in Healthy Chinese Hn Adults. Journal of
Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 2015; 29 :21-27
Hotchkiss RS, Karl IE. The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis. N Eng J
Med. 2003;348(2):138–150.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
68
Husain FA, Martin MJ, Mullenix PS, Steele SR, Elliott DC. Serum lactate and
base deficit as predictors of mortality and morbidity. Am J Surg. 2003 ;
185(5):485-91.
Ikeda Y, Matsubara Y, Kamata T. Platelet Immunology: Structure, Functions and
Polymorphisms of Membrane Glycoproteins. In: Gresele P, Fuster V, Page JA,
et al. Platelets in Hematologic and Cardiovascular Disorders. UK: Cambridge
University Press. 2008: 21-30
Italiano JE. The Structure and Production of Blood Platelets. In: Gresele P, Fuster
V, Page JA, et al. Platelets in Hematologic and Cardiovascular Disorders. UK:
Cambridge University Press. 2008: 1-15.
J.Rello, M.I.Restrpo. Sepsis : New Strategies for Management. Berlin : Springer,
2008;1-142.
Jackson SR, Carter JM. Platelet Volume : Laboratory Measurement and Clinical
Application. Blood Review. Hemostatis and Trombosis. Longman Group UK
Ltd. New Zealand. 1993(7); 104-113
Jilma B, Blann A, Pernerstorfer T, Stohlawetz P, Eichler HG, Vondrovec B, et al.
Regulation of adhesion molecules during human endotoxemia, No acute effects
of aspirin. AM J Resp Crit Care Med.1999;159:857-863.
Jonathan M. Siner, MD. Sepsis: Definitions, Epidemiology, Etiology and
Pathogenesis. Chest, 2009.
Jurk K, Kehrel BE. Platelets:Physiology and Biochemistry. Seminars in
Thrombosis and Hemostasis. 2005;31(4): 381-390.
Kaplan, Lewis J, Kellum, Jhon A. Initial pH, base deficit, lactate, anion gap,
strong ion difference, strong ion gap predict outcome from major vascular
injury. Crit Care Med. 2004;32:1120-24.
Kaushansky K, Roth GJ. Megakaryocytes and Platelets. In : Greer JP, Foerster J,
Lukens JN, et al. (ed.). Wintrobe`s Clinical Hematology, 11th edition. USA:
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2004: 619-634.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
69
Kauss IAM, Grion CMC, Cardoso LTQ. The epidemiology of sepsis in
a
Brazilian teaching hospital. Brazilian J Infect Dis.2010;14(3):264–270.
Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. Apache II : A severity of
disease classification system. s.l. : Crit Care Med. 1985; 13:818-829.
Kodiatte TA, Manikyam UK, Rao SB, Jagadish TM, Reddy M, Lingaiah
HKM, and Lakshmaiah V. Mean Platelet Volume in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Journal Lab Physicians. 2012 Jan-Jun; 4(1): 5–9
Kukukardali Y, Onem Y, Terekeci H, Tangi F, Sahan B, Akyol A, et al. Mean
Platelet Volume (MPV) in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Patients: Is it a useful
parameter in assessing prediction for mortality? J Med MedSci. 2010;1(3):6164.
Levi M, Lowenberg EC. Thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients. Thromb
Hemost. 2008;34:417–24.
Linde-Zwirble WT, Angus DC. Severe sepsis epidemiology: sampling, selection,
and society. Care, Critical. USA : Care, Critical. 2004; 8:222-226.
Michelson AD, Furman MI. Markers of Platelet Activation and Granule
Secretion. In: Quinn M, Fitzgerald D, eds. Platelet Function; Assessment,
Diagnosis and Treatment. New Jersey: Humana Press. 2005: 307.
Miller JL, Rao K. Blood Platelets and von Willebrand Disease. In: McPherson
RA, Pincus MR. Henry`s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory
Methods, 21st edition. USA: Elsevier. 2007;747-754; 764-765
Nasronudin. Imunopatogenesis sepsis dan prinsip penatalaksanaan. Dalam :
Penyakit Infeksi di Indonesia, solusi kini dan mendatang, Airlangga University
Press. 2007:238-45.
Nguyen HB, Rivers EP, Knoblich BP, et al. Early lactate clearance is associated
with improved outcome in severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med.
2004;32:1637-42.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
70
O’Connor TA, Ringer KM, Gaddis ML. Mean platelet volume during coagulasenegative staphylococcal sepsis in neonates. Am J Clin Pathol. 1993;94:69–71.
O’Reilly M, Newcomb DE, Remick D. Endotoxin, sepsis, and the primrose path.
Shock .1999;12(6):411–420.
Oncel EK, Ozsurecki Y, Kara A, Karahan S, Cengiz AB, Ceyhan M. The value of
mean platelet volume in the determination of community acquired pneumonia
in children. Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 2013;39:16
Oncel MY, Ozdemir R, Yurttutan S, Canpolat FE, Erdeve O, Oguz SS, et al.
Mean platelet volume in neonatal sepsis. Arch Dis Child. 2012;97(Suppl
2):A1–A539.
Ostermann H, van de Loo J. Factors of the Hemostatic System in Diabetic
Patients: A Survey of Controlled Studies. Haemostasis. 1986;16:386-416.
Palazzo M. Assessment of severity and outcome of critical illness. [book auth.]
springer. Oh’s intensive care manual 5th ed. 2003; 11-19.
Patrick CH, Lazarchick J. The effect of bacteremia on automated platelet
measurements in neonates. Am J Clin Pathol. 1990;93:391-4.
Pittet D, Rangel FS, Li N, Tarara D, Costigan M. Systemic inflammatory respone
syndrome, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock: incidence, morbidities and
outcomes in surgical ICU patients. Intensive Care Med. 1995; 21: 302–09.
Pohan HT. Assessment of clinical and laboratory parameters
that reflect
inflammatory respone and organ function in sepsis. Med JIndones. 2005; 14:
26-32.
Purba
D.
Kadar
PCT
sebagai
marker
dan
hubungannya
dengan
derajat keparahan sepsis. USU Press. Medan. 2010
Rosmiati B, Wibawa SY, Darmawaty ER. Mean platelet volume in stroke.
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory, 2012; 19(1)
: 37 – 9.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
71
Sadaka F, Donnelly PL, Griffin MT, O’Brien J, Lakshmanan L.Mean Platelet
Volume is not a Useful Predictor of Mortality in Septic Shsock. J Blood
Disorders Transf. 2014;5(2):1-3.
Schraufnagel DE. Sepsis. Breathing in America:Diseases, Progress, and Hope.
USA : the American Thoracic Society, 2010:227.
Setiabudy RD. Hemostasis dan Trombosis. 4th edition. Jakarta: Balai Penebit
FKUI. 2009.
Shah AR, Chaudhari SN and Shah MH. Role of platelet parameters in diagnosing
various
clinical
conditions.
National
Journal
of
Medical
Research.
2013;3(2):162-165.
Sharma S, Kumar A. Septic shock, multiple orgn failure and acute respiratory
syndrome. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2003;9:199-209.
Sharron M, Hoptay CE, Wiles AA, Garvin LM, Geha M, Benton AS, et al.
Platelets Induce Apoptosis during Sepsis in a Contact-Dependent Manner That
Is Inhibited by GPIIb/IIIa. Blockade. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(7):1-8.
Sri, Sunarmiasih. In Sepsis : Pencetus gagal organ dan upaya penanggulannya.
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