Pengaruh Tingkat Pengetahuan Gizi Ibu, Pendapatan Keluarga dan Kebiasaan Makan Keluarga terhadap Kecukupan Energi dan Protein Pada Anak Balita di Kecamatan Muara Tiga Kabupaten Pidie
ABSTRAK
Masalah gizi kurang pada balita masih cukup tinggi, salah satunya karena
kualitas makanan sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia terutama pada anak balita
yang masih belum bergizi-seimbang. Salah satu penyebab munculnya kekurangan
gizi dimasyarakat adalah akibat rendahnya asupan energi dan protein dari makanan
sehari-hari. Di Kabupaten Pidie prevalensi gizi buruk dan kurang adalah 23,6%.
Sedangkan di Kecamatan Muara Tiga prevalensi gizi buruk dan kurang adalah 23,9%.
Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian survey, dengan menggunakan pendekatan
cross sectional. Populasi adalah semua ibu yang mempunyai anak balita umur 1-5
tahun sebanyak 698 orang. Sampel berjumlah 64 orang ibu anak balita dengan tehnik
simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data tingkat pengetahuan gizi, pendapatan
keluarga dan kebiasaan makan keluarga menggunakan kuesioner dengan teknik
wawancara, data kecukupan energi dan protein menggunakan metode food recall
selama 3 hari. Analisis data yaitu analisis univariat, analisis bivariate dengan uji Chi
Square dan analisis multivariat dengan uji Regresi Logistik Berganda metode Enter.
Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square menunjukkan ada
pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan gizi ibu (p=0,036), pendapatan keluarga (p=0,000) dan
kebiasaan makan keluarga (p=0,020) terhadap kecukupan energi anak balita. Ada
pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan gizi ibu (p=0,016), pendapatan keluarga (p=0,014) dan
kebiasaan makan keluarga (p=0,011) terhadap kecukupan protein anak balita.
Sedangkan hasil uji regresi logisti ganda, hanya variabel pendapatan keluarga yang
ada pengaruhnya terhadap kecukupan energi dan protein anak balita yaitu keluarga
berpendapatan tinggi berkemungkinan 16,266 dan 5,814 kali kecukupan energi dan
protein anak balitanya cukup dibandingkan keluarga berpendapatan rendah.
Sedangkan tingkat pengetahuan gizi ibu dan kebiasaan makan keluarga tidak
berpengaruh terhadap kecukupan energi dan protein anak balita.
Dengan adanya penelitian ini diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan agar dapat
memberikan pemahaman kepada keluarga anak balita untuk memanfaatkan lahan
pekarangan maupun perkebunan dengan menanam sayuran dan buah-buahan maupun
tanaman lainnya yang bisa dijual untuk menambah penghasilan keluarga, supaya
dapat membeli bahan makanan sumber energi dan protein serta makanan sumber
lainnya untuk anak balita, dikarenakan anak balita merupakan kelompok yang paling
rentan mengalami kekurangan energi protein (KEP).
Kata Kunci : Kecukupan Energi dan Protein, Tingkat pengetahuan gizi,
Pendapatan Keluarga dan Kebiasaan Makan Keluarga
ABSTRACT
One of the causes of the problem of malnutrition in the children under five
years old is because the quality of the food consumed by most of the people of
Indonesia especially by the children under five years old is still not nutritionally
balanced. One of the causes of the incident of malnutrition in the society is the low
intake of energy and protein from the daily diet. In Pidie District, the prevalence of
severe under nutrition and under nutrition was 23,6% while in Muara Tiga
Subdistrict the prevalence of severe under nutrition and under nutrition was 23,9%.
The population of this survey study with cross-sectional section was 698
children under 1 – 5 years old. As many as 64 mother of them were selected to be the
samples for this study through simple random sampling techniques. The data for this
study such as knowledge about nutrition, family income and family eating habit were
obtained through questionnaire-based interviews and the data related to energy and
protein sufficiency were obtained through food recall method for 3 days. The data
obtained were analyzed through univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using Chisquare test and multivariate analysis by using the logistic regression test Enter
Multiple methods.
The result of Chi-square test showed that the level of mother’s knowledge
about nutrition (p = 0,036), family income (p = 0,000) and family eating habit (p =
0,020) on the sufficiency of energy of children under five years old. The level of
mother’s knowledge about nutrition (p = 0,016), family income (p = 0,014) and
family eating habit (p = 0,011) on the sufficiency of protein of children under five
years old. The result of multiple logistic regression test showed that only the variable
of family income which had the influence on the sufficiency of energy and protein of
children under five years old with the high income family are likely to be 16,266 and
5,814 times the adequacy of energy and protein to their children under five compared
with low income family. There has been no influence of mother’s nutrition knowledge
level and family eating habits on energy and protein of children under five years old.
This study encourages health workers to raise the awareness of family who
have children under five years old to make use their home yard to plant vegetable and
fruit or other crops that can be sold in order to support family income. Hence the
family are able to purchase energy and protein food sources to their children. In fact
the children under five years old are vulnerable to energy and protein deficiency.
Key Words : Energy and Protein Sufficiency, Level of Knowledge About Nutrition,
Family Income and Family Eating Habit
Masalah gizi kurang pada balita masih cukup tinggi, salah satunya karena
kualitas makanan sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia terutama pada anak balita
yang masih belum bergizi-seimbang. Salah satu penyebab munculnya kekurangan
gizi dimasyarakat adalah akibat rendahnya asupan energi dan protein dari makanan
sehari-hari. Di Kabupaten Pidie prevalensi gizi buruk dan kurang adalah 23,6%.
Sedangkan di Kecamatan Muara Tiga prevalensi gizi buruk dan kurang adalah 23,9%.
Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian survey, dengan menggunakan pendekatan
cross sectional. Populasi adalah semua ibu yang mempunyai anak balita umur 1-5
tahun sebanyak 698 orang. Sampel berjumlah 64 orang ibu anak balita dengan tehnik
simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data tingkat pengetahuan gizi, pendapatan
keluarga dan kebiasaan makan keluarga menggunakan kuesioner dengan teknik
wawancara, data kecukupan energi dan protein menggunakan metode food recall
selama 3 hari. Analisis data yaitu analisis univariat, analisis bivariate dengan uji Chi
Square dan analisis multivariat dengan uji Regresi Logistik Berganda metode Enter.
Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square menunjukkan ada
pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan gizi ibu (p=0,036), pendapatan keluarga (p=0,000) dan
kebiasaan makan keluarga (p=0,020) terhadap kecukupan energi anak balita. Ada
pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan gizi ibu (p=0,016), pendapatan keluarga (p=0,014) dan
kebiasaan makan keluarga (p=0,011) terhadap kecukupan protein anak balita.
Sedangkan hasil uji regresi logisti ganda, hanya variabel pendapatan keluarga yang
ada pengaruhnya terhadap kecukupan energi dan protein anak balita yaitu keluarga
berpendapatan tinggi berkemungkinan 16,266 dan 5,814 kali kecukupan energi dan
protein anak balitanya cukup dibandingkan keluarga berpendapatan rendah.
Sedangkan tingkat pengetahuan gizi ibu dan kebiasaan makan keluarga tidak
berpengaruh terhadap kecukupan energi dan protein anak balita.
Dengan adanya penelitian ini diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan agar dapat
memberikan pemahaman kepada keluarga anak balita untuk memanfaatkan lahan
pekarangan maupun perkebunan dengan menanam sayuran dan buah-buahan maupun
tanaman lainnya yang bisa dijual untuk menambah penghasilan keluarga, supaya
dapat membeli bahan makanan sumber energi dan protein serta makanan sumber
lainnya untuk anak balita, dikarenakan anak balita merupakan kelompok yang paling
rentan mengalami kekurangan energi protein (KEP).
Kata Kunci : Kecukupan Energi dan Protein, Tingkat pengetahuan gizi,
Pendapatan Keluarga dan Kebiasaan Makan Keluarga
ABSTRACT
One of the causes of the problem of malnutrition in the children under five
years old is because the quality of the food consumed by most of the people of
Indonesia especially by the children under five years old is still not nutritionally
balanced. One of the causes of the incident of malnutrition in the society is the low
intake of energy and protein from the daily diet. In Pidie District, the prevalence of
severe under nutrition and under nutrition was 23,6% while in Muara Tiga
Subdistrict the prevalence of severe under nutrition and under nutrition was 23,9%.
The population of this survey study with cross-sectional section was 698
children under 1 – 5 years old. As many as 64 mother of them were selected to be the
samples for this study through simple random sampling techniques. The data for this
study such as knowledge about nutrition, family income and family eating habit were
obtained through questionnaire-based interviews and the data related to energy and
protein sufficiency were obtained through food recall method for 3 days. The data
obtained were analyzed through univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using Chisquare test and multivariate analysis by using the logistic regression test Enter
Multiple methods.
The result of Chi-square test showed that the level of mother’s knowledge
about nutrition (p = 0,036), family income (p = 0,000) and family eating habit (p =
0,020) on the sufficiency of energy of children under five years old. The level of
mother’s knowledge about nutrition (p = 0,016), family income (p = 0,014) and
family eating habit (p = 0,011) on the sufficiency of protein of children under five
years old. The result of multiple logistic regression test showed that only the variable
of family income which had the influence on the sufficiency of energy and protein of
children under five years old with the high income family are likely to be 16,266 and
5,814 times the adequacy of energy and protein to their children under five compared
with low income family. There has been no influence of mother’s nutrition knowledge
level and family eating habits on energy and protein of children under five years old.
This study encourages health workers to raise the awareness of family who
have children under five years old to make use their home yard to plant vegetable and
fruit or other crops that can be sold in order to support family income. Hence the
family are able to purchase energy and protein food sources to their children. In fact
the children under five years old are vulnerable to energy and protein deficiency.
Key Words : Energy and Protein Sufficiency, Level of Knowledge About Nutrition,
Family Income and Family Eating Habit