Hubungan Status Gizi dan Status Imunisasi dengan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bukit Kapur Kota Dumai Tahun 2016

ABSTRAK

ISPA yaitu Penyakit infeksi saluran pernafasan akut yang menyerang salah
satu atau lebih bagian dari saluran napas mulai dari hidung hingga jaringan di dalam
paru-paru. Menurut Riskesdas (2013), di Provinsi Riau keadaan balita dengan
kejadian ISPA mencapai 10,9% dan status gizi buruk-kurang sebesar 15,9%,
sedangkan untuk cakupan imunisasi sebesar 68%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
mengetahui hubungan status gizi dan status imunisasi dengan kejadian infeksi saluran
pernafasan akut (ISPA) pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bukit Kapur Kota
Dumai tahun 2016.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian surve dengan desain cross sectional.
Populasi adalah seluruh balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bukit Kapur sebanyak
2459 responden dan sampel di peroleh sebanyak 137 responden dengan tehnik
acidental sampling. Alat ukur menggunakan lember observasi, dan data dianalisis
menggunakan uji chi square dan regresi logistik berganda.
Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status gizi balita (p=0.010) dan status
imunisasi (p=0.034) berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA. Secara statistik diperoleh
variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita di
Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bukit Kapur yaitu status gizi balita (p=0.010) dengan nilai
Exp (B)= 5.212.
Diharapkan Dinas Kesehatan Kota Dumai dapat meningkatkan program

pencegahan penyakit menular khususnya pada kasus ISPA dan meningkatkan
penyuluhan tentang bahaya penyakit menular dan pentingnya menjaga status gizi dan
imunisasi secara lengkap di posyandu sesuai standar yang telah ditetapkan sebagai
upaya mencegah peningkatan angka kesakitan dan kematian balita.
Kata Kunci

: Status Gizi, Status Imunisasi, Kejadian ISPA

1
Universitas Sumatera Utara

ABSTRACT
ISPA or acute respiratory tract infection attacks one or more of parts of
respiratory tract, from nose until the tissues inside lungs. According to Riskesdas
(2013) in Riau Province, 10.9% of children below five years old suffered from ISPA
and 15.9% of them had malnutrition, while the coverage of immunization was 68%.
These rates do not meet the minimal health service standard of districts/towns in
ISPA (27%) and immunization (89%). The objective of the research was to find out
the correlation of nutrition and immunization status with the incidence of ISPA in
below five year-old children in the working area of Bukit Kapur Puskesmas, Dumai,

in 2016.
The research was a survey with cross sectional design. The population was
2,459 children below five years old in the working area of Bukit Kapur Puskesmas.
The samples were 137 respondents, taken by using accidental sampling technique.
Observation was used for measurement device, and the data were processed by using
chi square test and multiple logistic regression analysis.
The result of the research showed that nutrition of (p=0.010) and
immunization status (p=0.034) had the correlation with the incidence of ISPA in
below five year-old children. The variable which the most dominant correlation with
the incidence of ISPA in below five year-old children in the working area of Batu
Kapur Puskesmas was their nutrition status (p=0.010) and the value of Exp
(β)=5.212.
It is recommended that the Health Agency in Dumai increase the prevention
from transmitted diseases, especially ISPA and increase counseling about the danger
of transmitted diseases and the importance of maintaining nutrition status in children
below five years old, and parents give nutritious food and have their children
completely immunized at posyandu according to the standard in order to prevent
them from the increase in illness and death rates.
Keywords: Nutrition Status, Immunization Status, Incidence of ISPA

Universitas Sumatera Utara