Hubungan Indeks Volume Atrium Kanan Dan Disfungsi Disfungsi Sistolik Ventrikel Kanan Pada Pasien Gagal Jantung Kronik
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
Francis, G.S., Gassier, J.P., Sonnenblick, E.H. Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of Heart
Failure. In: Fusler, V., Alexander, R.W., O’Rourke, R.A. (ed). The Heart 10th edition;
2005; 1 :655-685.
2.
Colucci, W.S., Braunwald, E. 2005. Pathophysiology of Heart Failure. In: Zipes, D.P.,
Libby, P., Bonow, R.O., Braunwald, E. (eds). Braunwald’s Heart Disease A Textbook of
Cardiovascular Medicine 7th Edition.Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. 509-533.
3.
Hunt, S.A., Abraham, W.T., Chin, M.H. et al. 2009 Focused Update Incorporated Into
the ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart
Failuer in the Adult, A Report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart
Association Task Force on Practical Guidelines: Developed in Collaboration With the
International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation; 2009; 119:393475.
4.
Levy D, Kenchaiah, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Kupka MJ, Kalon KL, Murabito JM,
Vasan RS. Long term Trends in the incidence and Survival; with Heart Failure. N Engl J
Med 2002;347:1397-1402.
5.
Hoobs FDR, Davis RC, Roalfe AK, Hare R, Davies MK, Kenkre JE. Reliability of NTerminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Assay in Diagnosis of Heart Failure: Cohort
Study in Representative and High Risk Community Population. BMJ 2002;324:14981502.
6.
McGee S.R. Physical Examination of Venous Pressure: a Critical Review. Am Heart J
1998; 136: 8-10.
7.
Kircher B.J, Himelman R.B, Schiller N.B. Noninvasive Estimation of Right atrial
Pressure from the Inspiratory Collapse of the Inferior Vena Cava. Am J Cardiol 990; 66:
493-496.
8.
Beaulieu Y. Bedside Echocardiography in the Assessment of the Critically Ill. Crit Care
Med 2007 Vol. 35, No. 5 : S235-249.
9.
Beaulieu Y, Marik PE. Bedside ultrasonography in the ICU. Chest 2005; 128: 881-895.
10. Oren-Grinberg A, Lerner AB, Talmor D. Echocardiography in the Intensive Care Unit.
In: Irwin RS, Rippe JM, Lisbon A, Heard SO, eds. Procedures, Technique and Minimally
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Invasive Monitoring in Intensive Care Medicine. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;
2008: 324.
11. Kwan S, Abbas A, Khanderia B. Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Heart
Hemodynamic Parameters. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2007;
20: 773-782.
12. Brennan JM, Blair JE, Goonewardena S, Ronan A, Shah D, Vasaiwala S, et al.
Reappraisal of the use of inferior vena cava for estimating right atrial pressure. J Am Soc
Echocardiogr 2007;20:857-861.
13. Jue J, Chung W, Schiller NB. Does inferior vena cava size predict right atrial pressures
in patients receiving mechanical ventilation? J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1992;5:613-9.
14. Piazza G, Goldhaber SZ.The Acutely Decompensated Right Ventricle: Pathways for
Diagnosis and Management. Chest. 2005 Sep; 128(3): 1836-1852.
15. Sallach JA, Tang WH, Borowski AG, et al. Right atrial volume indeks in chronic systolic
heart failure and prognosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009; 2: 527-534.
16. Raymond RJ, Hinderliter AL, Willis PW, Ralph D, Caldwell EJ, Williams W, Ettinger
NA, Hill NS, Summer WR, de Boisblanc B, Schwartz T, Koch G, Clayton LM, Jöbsis
MM, Crow JW, Long W. Echocardiographic predictors of adverse outcomes in primary
pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002; 39:1209-1214.
17. Bustamante-Labarta M, Perrone S, De La Fuente RL, Stutzbach P, De La Hoz RP,
Torino A, Favaloro R. Right atrial size and tricúspide regurgitation severity predict
mortality or transplantation in primary pulmonary hypertension. J Am Soc Echocardiogr.
2002; 15: 1104-1160.
18. Meluzin J, Spinarova L, Bakala J, et al. Pulsed Doppler tissue imaging of the velocity of
tricuspid annular systolic motion; a new, rapid, and non-invasive method of evaluating
right ventricular systolic function. Eur Heart J 2001;22: 340–348.
19. Yu CM, Sanderson JE, Chan S, Yeung L, Hung YT, Woo KS. Right ventricular diastolic
dysfunction in heart failure. Circulation 1996;93: 1509–1514.
20. Ozer N, Tokgozoglu L, Coplu L, Kes S. Echocardiographic evaluation of left and right
ventricular diastolic function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J
Am Soc Echocardiogr 2001;14:557–561.
21. Ghio S, Gavazzi A, Campana C, et al. Independent and additive prognostic value of right
ventricular systolic function and pulmonary artery pressure in patients with chronic heart
failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:183–188.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
22. Polak JF, Holman BL, Wynne J, Colucci WS. Right ventricular ejection fraction: an
indicator of increased mortality in patients with congestive heart failure associated with
coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1983;2:217–224.
23. Di Salvo TG, Mathier M, Semigran MJ, Dec GW. Preserved right ventricular ejection
fraction predicts exercise capacity and survival in advanced heart failure. J Am Coll
Cardiol 1995; 25:1143–1153.
24. Fukuda S, Gillinov AM, Song JM, et al. Echocardiographic insights into atrial and
ventricular mechanisms of functional tricuspid regurgitation. Am Heart J 2006;152:
1208–1214.
25. Cioffi G, de Simone G, Mureddu G, Tarantini L, Stefenelli C. Right atrial size and
function in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with disorders of respiratory
system or hypoxemia. Eur J Echocardiogr 2007; 8:322–331.
26. Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/ PCNA/SCAI/STS
guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart
disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart
Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians,
American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses
Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of
Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2012;126:e354–471.
27. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National
Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure.
Hypertension. 2003;42:1206–1252.
28. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes– 2012. Diabetes
Care. 2012;35 Suppl 1:S11–63.
29. Gaynor SL, Maniar HS, Prasad SM, Steendijk P, Moon MR. Reservoir and conduit
function of right atrium: impact on right ventricular filling and cardiac output. Am J
Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005;288: H2140-2145.
30. Muller H, Burri H, Lerch R. Evaluation of right atrial size in patients with atrial
arrhythmias: comparison of 2D versus real time 3D echocardiography. Echocardiography
2008;25:617-623.
31. Muller H, Noble S, Keller PF, Sigaud P, Gentil P, Lerch R, et al. Biatrial anatomical
reverse remodelling after radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: evidence
from real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. Europace 2008;10:1008-1073.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
32. Solomon D. Scott. Essential Echocardiography. A Practical Handbook with DVD. New
Jersey: Humana Press; 2007; Hlm. 28-29.
33. Otto C. The practice of clinical echocardiography. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders
Elsevier; 2007.
34. Scott D. Solomon, Lawrence G, Rudski, Chair, Wyman W. Lai, et al. Guideline and
standards : guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults : a
report from the American society of echocardiography endorsed by the European
association of echocardiography, a registered branch of the European society of
cardiology, and the Canadian society of echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr
2010;23:685-713.
35. Dubois EF. Basal Metabolism in Health and Disease. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1936.
36. Kaul S, Tei C, Hopkins JM, Shah PM. Assessment of right ventricular function using
two-dimensional echocardiography. Am Heart J 1984;107: 526-531.
37. Lopez-Candales A, Dohi K, Rajagopalan N, Edelman K, Gulyasy B, Bazaz R. Defining
normal variables of right ventricular size and function in pulmonary hypertension: an
echocardiographic study. Postgrad Med J 2008;84:40-45.
38. Miller D, Farah MG, Liner A, Fox K, Schluchter M, Hoit BD. The relation between
quantitative right ventricular ejection fraction and indices of tricuspid annular motion
and myocardial performance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2004;17:443-447.
39. Tamborini G, Pepi M, Galli CA, Maltagliati A, Celeste F, Muratori M, et al. Feasibility
and accuracy of a routine echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular function. Int
J Cardiol 2007;115:9-86.
40. Clyde W. Yancy, Mariell Jessup, Biykem Bozkurt, Javed Butler, Donald E. Casey, Jr,
Mark H. Drazner, Gregg C. Fonarow, Stephen A. Geraci, Tamara Horwich, James L.
Januzzi, Maryl R. Johnson, Edward K. Kasper, Wayne C. Levy, Frederick A. Masoudi,
Patrick E. McBride, John J.V. McMurray, Judith E. Mitchell, Pamela N. Peterson,
Barbara Riegel, Flora Sam, Lynne W. Stevenson, W.H. Wilson Tang, Emily J. Tsai and
Bruce L. Wilkoff. 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A
Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association
Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013;128:e240-e327.
41. Fonarow GC, Stough WG, Abraham WT, et al. Characteristics, treatments, and outcomes
of patients with preserved systolic function hospitalized for heart failure: a report from
the OPTIMIZE-HF Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:768–777.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
42. Lindenfeld J, Albert NM, Boehmer JP, et al. HFSA 2010 comprehensive heart failure
practice guideline. J Card Fail. 2010;16:e1–194.
43. McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, et al. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and
treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and
Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of
Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:87-1787.
44. Kane GC, Karon BL, Mahoney DW, et al. Progression of left ventricular diastolic
dysfunction and risk of heart failure. JAMA. 2011;306:856–863.
45. Owan TE, Hodge DO, Herges RM, et al. Trends in prevalence and outcome of heart
failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:251–259.
46. Vasan RS, Levy D. Defining diastolic heart failure: a call for standardized diagnostic
criteria. Circulation. 2000;101:2118–2121.
47. Steinberg BA, Zhao X, Heidenreich PA, et al. Trends in patients hospitalized with heart
failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: prevalence, therapies, and
outcomes. Circulation. 2012;126:65–75.
48. Lee DS, Gona P, Vasan RS, et al. Relation of disease pathogenesis and risk factors to
heart failure with preserved or reduced ejection fraction: insights from the Framingham
Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Circulation.
2009;119:3070–3077.
49. Bhuiyan T, Maurer MS. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: persistent
diagnosis, therapeutic enigma. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep. 2011;5:440–449.
50. Punnoose LR, Givertz MM, Lewis EF, et al. Heart failure with recovered ejection
fraction: a distinct clinical entity. J Card Fail. 2011;17:527–532.
51. Jackson G, Gibbs C.R, Davies M.K, Lip G.Y.H. ABC of Heart FailurePathophysiology.
BMJ; 15 January 2000; Volume 320: 167-170.
52. Pellicori Pierpaolo. 2013. IVC Diameter in Patient with Chronic Heart Failure. J Am
Coll Cardiol. 2013; 6; 16-28.
53. Darahim Khaled. Usefulness of Right Atrial Volume Indeks in Predicting Outcome in
Chronic Systolic Heart Failure. J Saudi Heart Assoc. 2013; 1-7.
54. Bogaard HJ, Abe K, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Voelkel NF. The right ventricle under
pressure: cellular and molecular mechanisms of right-heart failure in pulmonary
hypertension. Chest 2009;135:794–804.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
55. Norbert F. Voelkel, Jose Gomez-Arroyo1, Antonio Abbate1, and Harm J. Bogaard.
Mechanisms of right heart failure-A work in progress and a plea for failure prevention.
Pulmonary circulation January-Marh 2013 ; Vol 3 ; No 1 ; 137-143.
56. Szabo G, Soos P, Bahrle S, et al. Adaptation of the right ventricle to an increased
afterload in the chronically volume overloaded heart. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;82:989–
995.
57. Konstam MA, Cohen SR, Salem DN, et al. Effect of amrinone on right ventricular
function: predominance of afterload reduction. Circulation. 1986;74:359–366.
58. Grose R, Strain J, Yipintosoi T. Right ventricular function in valvular heart disease:
relation to pulmonary artery pressure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1983;2:225–232.
59. Lang I, Kneussl M, Frank H, Mlczoch J. [Long-term follow-up of pulmonary
hypertension of unknown etiology]. Pneumologie 1990;44:913-914.
60. Maya Guglin, Cho Mya Win, Nellie Darbinyan, Yougui Wu. Predictors of Right
Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Compensated and Decompensated Heart Failure.
Congest Heart Fail. 2012;18:278–283.
61. Mantziari L, Kamperidis V, Ventoulis I, Damvopoulou E, Giannakoulas G, Efthimiadis
G, et al. Increased right atrial volume indeks predicts low Duke activity status indeks in
patients with chronic heart failure. Hellenic J Cardiol 2013;54(1):8-32.
62. DePace NL, Ren JF, Kotler MN, Mintz GS, Kimbiris D, Kalman P. Twodimensional
echocardiographic determination of right atrial emptying volume: a noninvasive indeks
in quantifying the degree of tricuspid regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 1983;52:525–529.
63. Sastroasmoro Sudigdo, Ismael Sofyan. Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. Edisi
ke-2. Jakarta:Sagung Seto; 2002. Hlm. 280.
64. Mylano Adi Tri. Hubungan Kadar N-Terminal Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-Pro
BNP) Dengan Volume Atrium Kiri Pada Pasien Gagal Jantung Kronik Tidak
Terkompensasi Akibat Penyakit Jantung Koroner dan Penyakit Jantrung Hipertensi di
RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan. Medan. 2013.1-35.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1.
Francis, G.S., Gassier, J.P., Sonnenblick, E.H. Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of Heart
Failure. In: Fusler, V., Alexander, R.W., O’Rourke, R.A. (ed). The Heart 10th edition;
2005; 1 :655-685.
2.
Colucci, W.S., Braunwald, E. 2005. Pathophysiology of Heart Failure. In: Zipes, D.P.,
Libby, P., Bonow, R.O., Braunwald, E. (eds). Braunwald’s Heart Disease A Textbook of
Cardiovascular Medicine 7th Edition.Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. 509-533.
3.
Hunt, S.A., Abraham, W.T., Chin, M.H. et al. 2009 Focused Update Incorporated Into
the ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart
Failuer in the Adult, A Report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart
Association Task Force on Practical Guidelines: Developed in Collaboration With the
International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation; 2009; 119:393475.
4.
Levy D, Kenchaiah, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Kupka MJ, Kalon KL, Murabito JM,
Vasan RS. Long term Trends in the incidence and Survival; with Heart Failure. N Engl J
Med 2002;347:1397-1402.
5.
Hoobs FDR, Davis RC, Roalfe AK, Hare R, Davies MK, Kenkre JE. Reliability of NTerminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Assay in Diagnosis of Heart Failure: Cohort
Study in Representative and High Risk Community Population. BMJ 2002;324:14981502.
6.
McGee S.R. Physical Examination of Venous Pressure: a Critical Review. Am Heart J
1998; 136: 8-10.
7.
Kircher B.J, Himelman R.B, Schiller N.B. Noninvasive Estimation of Right atrial
Pressure from the Inspiratory Collapse of the Inferior Vena Cava. Am J Cardiol 990; 66:
493-496.
8.
Beaulieu Y. Bedside Echocardiography in the Assessment of the Critically Ill. Crit Care
Med 2007 Vol. 35, No. 5 : S235-249.
9.
Beaulieu Y, Marik PE. Bedside ultrasonography in the ICU. Chest 2005; 128: 881-895.
10. Oren-Grinberg A, Lerner AB, Talmor D. Echocardiography in the Intensive Care Unit.
In: Irwin RS, Rippe JM, Lisbon A, Heard SO, eds. Procedures, Technique and Minimally
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Invasive Monitoring in Intensive Care Medicine. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;
2008: 324.
11. Kwan S, Abbas A, Khanderia B. Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Heart
Hemodynamic Parameters. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2007;
20: 773-782.
12. Brennan JM, Blair JE, Goonewardena S, Ronan A, Shah D, Vasaiwala S, et al.
Reappraisal of the use of inferior vena cava for estimating right atrial pressure. J Am Soc
Echocardiogr 2007;20:857-861.
13. Jue J, Chung W, Schiller NB. Does inferior vena cava size predict right atrial pressures
in patients receiving mechanical ventilation? J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1992;5:613-9.
14. Piazza G, Goldhaber SZ.The Acutely Decompensated Right Ventricle: Pathways for
Diagnosis and Management. Chest. 2005 Sep; 128(3): 1836-1852.
15. Sallach JA, Tang WH, Borowski AG, et al. Right atrial volume indeks in chronic systolic
heart failure and prognosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009; 2: 527-534.
16. Raymond RJ, Hinderliter AL, Willis PW, Ralph D, Caldwell EJ, Williams W, Ettinger
NA, Hill NS, Summer WR, de Boisblanc B, Schwartz T, Koch G, Clayton LM, Jöbsis
MM, Crow JW, Long W. Echocardiographic predictors of adverse outcomes in primary
pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002; 39:1209-1214.
17. Bustamante-Labarta M, Perrone S, De La Fuente RL, Stutzbach P, De La Hoz RP,
Torino A, Favaloro R. Right atrial size and tricúspide regurgitation severity predict
mortality or transplantation in primary pulmonary hypertension. J Am Soc Echocardiogr.
2002; 15: 1104-1160.
18. Meluzin J, Spinarova L, Bakala J, et al. Pulsed Doppler tissue imaging of the velocity of
tricuspid annular systolic motion; a new, rapid, and non-invasive method of evaluating
right ventricular systolic function. Eur Heart J 2001;22: 340–348.
19. Yu CM, Sanderson JE, Chan S, Yeung L, Hung YT, Woo KS. Right ventricular diastolic
dysfunction in heart failure. Circulation 1996;93: 1509–1514.
20. Ozer N, Tokgozoglu L, Coplu L, Kes S. Echocardiographic evaluation of left and right
ventricular diastolic function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J
Am Soc Echocardiogr 2001;14:557–561.
21. Ghio S, Gavazzi A, Campana C, et al. Independent and additive prognostic value of right
ventricular systolic function and pulmonary artery pressure in patients with chronic heart
failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:183–188.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
22. Polak JF, Holman BL, Wynne J, Colucci WS. Right ventricular ejection fraction: an
indicator of increased mortality in patients with congestive heart failure associated with
coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1983;2:217–224.
23. Di Salvo TG, Mathier M, Semigran MJ, Dec GW. Preserved right ventricular ejection
fraction predicts exercise capacity and survival in advanced heart failure. J Am Coll
Cardiol 1995; 25:1143–1153.
24. Fukuda S, Gillinov AM, Song JM, et al. Echocardiographic insights into atrial and
ventricular mechanisms of functional tricuspid regurgitation. Am Heart J 2006;152:
1208–1214.
25. Cioffi G, de Simone G, Mureddu G, Tarantini L, Stefenelli C. Right atrial size and
function in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with disorders of respiratory
system or hypoxemia. Eur J Echocardiogr 2007; 8:322–331.
26. Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/ PCNA/SCAI/STS
guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart
disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart
Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians,
American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses
Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of
Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2012;126:e354–471.
27. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National
Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure.
Hypertension. 2003;42:1206–1252.
28. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes– 2012. Diabetes
Care. 2012;35 Suppl 1:S11–63.
29. Gaynor SL, Maniar HS, Prasad SM, Steendijk P, Moon MR. Reservoir and conduit
function of right atrium: impact on right ventricular filling and cardiac output. Am J
Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005;288: H2140-2145.
30. Muller H, Burri H, Lerch R. Evaluation of right atrial size in patients with atrial
arrhythmias: comparison of 2D versus real time 3D echocardiography. Echocardiography
2008;25:617-623.
31. Muller H, Noble S, Keller PF, Sigaud P, Gentil P, Lerch R, et al. Biatrial anatomical
reverse remodelling after radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: evidence
from real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. Europace 2008;10:1008-1073.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
32. Solomon D. Scott. Essential Echocardiography. A Practical Handbook with DVD. New
Jersey: Humana Press; 2007; Hlm. 28-29.
33. Otto C. The practice of clinical echocardiography. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders
Elsevier; 2007.
34. Scott D. Solomon, Lawrence G, Rudski, Chair, Wyman W. Lai, et al. Guideline and
standards : guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults : a
report from the American society of echocardiography endorsed by the European
association of echocardiography, a registered branch of the European society of
cardiology, and the Canadian society of echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr
2010;23:685-713.
35. Dubois EF. Basal Metabolism in Health and Disease. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1936.
36. Kaul S, Tei C, Hopkins JM, Shah PM. Assessment of right ventricular function using
two-dimensional echocardiography. Am Heart J 1984;107: 526-531.
37. Lopez-Candales A, Dohi K, Rajagopalan N, Edelman K, Gulyasy B, Bazaz R. Defining
normal variables of right ventricular size and function in pulmonary hypertension: an
echocardiographic study. Postgrad Med J 2008;84:40-45.
38. Miller D, Farah MG, Liner A, Fox K, Schluchter M, Hoit BD. The relation between
quantitative right ventricular ejection fraction and indices of tricuspid annular motion
and myocardial performance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2004;17:443-447.
39. Tamborini G, Pepi M, Galli CA, Maltagliati A, Celeste F, Muratori M, et al. Feasibility
and accuracy of a routine echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular function. Int
J Cardiol 2007;115:9-86.
40. Clyde W. Yancy, Mariell Jessup, Biykem Bozkurt, Javed Butler, Donald E. Casey, Jr,
Mark H. Drazner, Gregg C. Fonarow, Stephen A. Geraci, Tamara Horwich, James L.
Januzzi, Maryl R. Johnson, Edward K. Kasper, Wayne C. Levy, Frederick A. Masoudi,
Patrick E. McBride, John J.V. McMurray, Judith E. Mitchell, Pamela N. Peterson,
Barbara Riegel, Flora Sam, Lynne W. Stevenson, W.H. Wilson Tang, Emily J. Tsai and
Bruce L. Wilkoff. 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A
Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association
Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013;128:e240-e327.
41. Fonarow GC, Stough WG, Abraham WT, et al. Characteristics, treatments, and outcomes
of patients with preserved systolic function hospitalized for heart failure: a report from
the OPTIMIZE-HF Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:768–777.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
42. Lindenfeld J, Albert NM, Boehmer JP, et al. HFSA 2010 comprehensive heart failure
practice guideline. J Card Fail. 2010;16:e1–194.
43. McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, et al. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and
treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and
Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of
Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:87-1787.
44. Kane GC, Karon BL, Mahoney DW, et al. Progression of left ventricular diastolic
dysfunction and risk of heart failure. JAMA. 2011;306:856–863.
45. Owan TE, Hodge DO, Herges RM, et al. Trends in prevalence and outcome of heart
failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:251–259.
46. Vasan RS, Levy D. Defining diastolic heart failure: a call for standardized diagnostic
criteria. Circulation. 2000;101:2118–2121.
47. Steinberg BA, Zhao X, Heidenreich PA, et al. Trends in patients hospitalized with heart
failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: prevalence, therapies, and
outcomes. Circulation. 2012;126:65–75.
48. Lee DS, Gona P, Vasan RS, et al. Relation of disease pathogenesis and risk factors to
heart failure with preserved or reduced ejection fraction: insights from the Framingham
Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Circulation.
2009;119:3070–3077.
49. Bhuiyan T, Maurer MS. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: persistent
diagnosis, therapeutic enigma. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep. 2011;5:440–449.
50. Punnoose LR, Givertz MM, Lewis EF, et al. Heart failure with recovered ejection
fraction: a distinct clinical entity. J Card Fail. 2011;17:527–532.
51. Jackson G, Gibbs C.R, Davies M.K, Lip G.Y.H. ABC of Heart FailurePathophysiology.
BMJ; 15 January 2000; Volume 320: 167-170.
52. Pellicori Pierpaolo. 2013. IVC Diameter in Patient with Chronic Heart Failure. J Am
Coll Cardiol. 2013; 6; 16-28.
53. Darahim Khaled. Usefulness of Right Atrial Volume Indeks in Predicting Outcome in
Chronic Systolic Heart Failure. J Saudi Heart Assoc. 2013; 1-7.
54. Bogaard HJ, Abe K, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Voelkel NF. The right ventricle under
pressure: cellular and molecular mechanisms of right-heart failure in pulmonary
hypertension. Chest 2009;135:794–804.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
55. Norbert F. Voelkel, Jose Gomez-Arroyo1, Antonio Abbate1, and Harm J. Bogaard.
Mechanisms of right heart failure-A work in progress and a plea for failure prevention.
Pulmonary circulation January-Marh 2013 ; Vol 3 ; No 1 ; 137-143.
56. Szabo G, Soos P, Bahrle S, et al. Adaptation of the right ventricle to an increased
afterload in the chronically volume overloaded heart. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;82:989–
995.
57. Konstam MA, Cohen SR, Salem DN, et al. Effect of amrinone on right ventricular
function: predominance of afterload reduction. Circulation. 1986;74:359–366.
58. Grose R, Strain J, Yipintosoi T. Right ventricular function in valvular heart disease:
relation to pulmonary artery pressure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1983;2:225–232.
59. Lang I, Kneussl M, Frank H, Mlczoch J. [Long-term follow-up of pulmonary
hypertension of unknown etiology]. Pneumologie 1990;44:913-914.
60. Maya Guglin, Cho Mya Win, Nellie Darbinyan, Yougui Wu. Predictors of Right
Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Compensated and Decompensated Heart Failure.
Congest Heart Fail. 2012;18:278–283.
61. Mantziari L, Kamperidis V, Ventoulis I, Damvopoulou E, Giannakoulas G, Efthimiadis
G, et al. Increased right atrial volume indeks predicts low Duke activity status indeks in
patients with chronic heart failure. Hellenic J Cardiol 2013;54(1):8-32.
62. DePace NL, Ren JF, Kotler MN, Mintz GS, Kimbiris D, Kalman P. Twodimensional
echocardiographic determination of right atrial emptying volume: a noninvasive indeks
in quantifying the degree of tricuspid regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 1983;52:525–529.
63. Sastroasmoro Sudigdo, Ismael Sofyan. Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. Edisi
ke-2. Jakarta:Sagung Seto; 2002. Hlm. 280.
64. Mylano Adi Tri. Hubungan Kadar N-Terminal Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-Pro
BNP) Dengan Volume Atrium Kiri Pada Pasien Gagal Jantung Kronik Tidak
Terkompensasi Akibat Penyakit Jantung Koroner dan Penyakit Jantrung Hipertensi di
RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan. Medan. 2013.1-35.
Universitas Sumatera Utara