Efek Inotropik dan Kronotropik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) Dalam Larutan Krebs Henseleit Dengan dan Tanpa Kalsium Pada Isolat Jantung Tikus
Lampiran 1 Hasil persetujuan etik penelitian
46
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 2 Gambar tumbuhan
Tumbuhan daun Afrika
Daun Afrika
47
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 3Gambar alat, bahan, dan objek penelitian
Alat Langendorff
Injeksi Ketamin
48
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Injeksi Heparin
Injeksi Digoksin
49
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tikus sebelum dibedah
50
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 4 Bagan penelitian
Ekstrak Etanol Daun Afrika
Karakterisasi
PK air
Skrining Fitokimia
Uji Efek Inotropik dan
Kronotropik
Alkaloid
Flavonoid
Glikosida
Saponin
Tanin
Triterpenoid/Steroid
Glikosida Jantung
51
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 5 Perhitungan penetapan kadar air EEDA
Kadar air ekstrak =
volume air
berat sampel
x 100%
No
Berat sampel (g)
Volume awal (ml)
Volume akhir (ml)
1
2,071
1,85
2,00
2
2,075
2,00
2,15
3
2,070
2,15
2,3
a. Berat sampel = 2,071g
Volume air
= 0,15 ml
Kadar air
=
0,15
� 100% = 7,243%
2,071
b. Berat sampel = 2,075 g
Volume air
= 0,15 ml
Kadar air
=
0,15
2,07
5 x 100% = 7,229%
c. Berat sampel = 2,070 g
Volume air
= 0,15 ml
Kadar air
=
0,15
2,075
Kadar air rata-rata
x 100% = 7,246%
=
(7,243+7,229+7,246)%
3
= 7,239%
52
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 6 Data hasil uji statistik
Descriptives
persen peningkatan kontraktilitas
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
N
Mean
Std.
Std.
Lower
Upper
Deviation
Error
Bound
Bound
Minimum Maximum
EEDA 1 MG
3 54,67
21,032
12,143
2,42
106,91
33
75
EEDA 0,5 MG
3 21,67
9,452
5,457
-1,81
45,15
11
29
EEDA 0,5 MG
3
-2,67
10,116
5,840
-27,80
22,46
-9
9
3
-7,00
17,776
10,263
-51,16
37,16
-21
13
3 90,67
17,926
10,349
46,14
135,20
70
102
2,082
1,202
-18,84
-8,50
-16
-12
40,580
9,565
3,76
44,12
-21
102
F
Sig.
Ca free
EEDA 1 MG
Ca free
digoksin 0,1
mg
digoksin 0,1
mg Ca free
Total
3
13,67
18 23,94
ANOVA
persen peningkatan kontraktilitas
Sum of
Squares
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Df
Mean Square
25443,611
5
5088,722
2551,333
12
212,611
27994,944
17
23,934
,000
Multiple Comparisons
persen peningkatan kontraktilitas
Tukey HSD
95% Confidence
Interval
(I) variasi dosis
(J) variasi dosis
EEDA 1 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
Mean Difference
Std.
(I-J)
Error
Sig.
Lower
Upper
Bound
Bound
33,000
11,905 ,131
-6,99
72,99
*
11,905 ,004
17,34
97,32
57,333
free
53
Universitas Sumatera Utara
61,667*
11,905 ,002
21,68
101,66
digoksin 0,1 mg
-36,000
11,905 ,087
-75,99
3,99
digoksin 0,1 mg
68,333*
11,905 ,001
28,34
108,32
-33,000
11,905 ,131
-72,99
6,99
24,333
11,905 ,374
-15,66
64,32
28,667
11,905 ,227
-11,32
68,66
digoksin 0,1 mg
-69,000*
11,905 ,001
-108,99
-29,01
digoksin 0,1 mg
35,333
11,905 ,095
-4,66
75,32
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca EEDA 1 MG
-57,333*
11,905 ,004
-97,32
-17,34
free
-24,333
11,905 ,374
-64,32
15,66
4,333
11,905 ,999
-35,66
44,32
digoksin 0,1 mg
-93,333*
11,905 ,000
-133,32
-53,34
digoksin 0,1 mg
11,000
11,905 ,933
-28,99
50,99
EEDA 1 MG Ca
free
Ca free
EEDA 0,5 MG
EEDA 1 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
free
EEDA 1 MG Ca
free
Ca free
EEDA 0,5 MG
EEDA 1 MG Ca
free
Ca free
EEDA 1 MG Ca
EEDA 1 MG
-61,667*
11,905 ,002
-101,66
-21,68
free
EEDA 0,5 MG
-28,667
11,905 ,227
-68,66
11,32
-4,333
11,905 ,999
-44,32
35,66
digoksin 0,1 mg
-97,667*
11,905 ,000
-137,66
-57,68
digoksin 0,1 mg
6,667
11,905 ,992
-33,32
46,66
36,000
11,905 ,087
-3,99
75,99
*
11,905 ,001
29,01
108,99
*
93,333
11,905 ,000
53,34
133,32
97,667*
11,905 ,000
57,68
137,66
104,333*
11,905 ,000
64,34
144,32
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
free
Ca free
digoksin 0,1 mg
EEDA 1 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
69,000
free
EEDA 1 MG Ca
free
digoksin 0,1 mg
Ca free
digoksin 0,1 mg
EEDA 1 MG
-68,333*
11,905 ,001
-108,32
-28,34
Ca free
EEDA 0,5 MG
-35,333
11,905 ,095
-75,32
4,66
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
-11,000
11,905 ,933
-50,99
28,99
free
54
Universitas Sumatera Utara
EEDA 1 MG Ca
-6,667
11,905 ,992
-46,66
33,32
-104,333*
11,905 ,000
-144,32
-64,34
free
digoksin 0,1 mg
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Descriptives
persen peningkatan denyut jantung
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
N
Mean
EEDA 1 MG
3 107,00
EEDA 0,5 MG
3
EEDA 0,5 MG
Std.
Std.
Lower
Upper
Deviation
Error
Bound
Bound
Minimum Maximum
26,230
15,144
41,84
172,16
83
135
61,33
6,658
3,844
44,79
77,87
57
69
3 -41,00
25,865
14,933
-105,25
23,25
-69
-18
3 -24,00
64,094
37,005
-183,22
135,22
-62
50
3 -79,33
18,502
10,682
-125,30
-33,37
-98
-61
3 -10,33
2,517
1,453
-16,58
-4,08
-13
-8
69,970
16,492
-32,52
37,07
-98
135
Ca free
EEDA 1 MG
Ca free
Digoksin 0,1
mg
digoksin 0,1
mg Ca free
Total
18
2,28
ANOVA
persen peningkatan denyut jantung
Sum of Squares
Df
Mean Square
Between Groups
71511,611
5
14302,322
Within Groups
11716,000
12
976,333
Total
83227,611
17
F
Sig.
14,649
,000
Multiple Comparisons
persen peningkatan denyut jantung
Tukey HSD
95% Confidence
Interval
(I) variasi dosis
(J) variasi dosis
Mean Difference
Std.
(I-J)
Error
Sig.
Lower
Upper
Bound
Bound
55
Universitas Sumatera Utara
EEDA 1 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG
45,667
25,513 ,506
-40,03
131,36
*
148,000
25,513 ,001
62,31
233,69
131,000*
25,513 ,003
45,31
216,69
Digoksin 0,1 mg
186,333*
25,513 ,000
100,64
272,03
digoksin 0,1 mg
117,333*
25,513 ,006
31,64
203,03
-45,667
25,513 ,506
-131,36
40,03
*
102,333
25,513 ,017
16,64
188,03
85,333
25,513 ,051
-,36
171,03
Digoksin 0,1 mg
140,667*
25,513 ,001
54,97
226,36
digoksin 0,1 mg
71,667
25,513 ,123
-14,03
157,36
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca EEDA 1 MG
-148,000*
25,513 ,001
-233,69
-62,31
free
-102,333*
25,513 ,017
-188,03
-16,64
-17,000
25,513 ,983
-102,69
68,69
Digoksin 0,1 mg
38,333
25,513 ,669
-47,36
124,03
digoksin 0,1 mg
-30,667
25,513 ,828
-116,36
55,03
-131,000*
25,513 ,003
-216,69
-45,31
-85,333
25,513 ,051
-171,03
,36
17,000
25,513 ,983
-68,69
102,69
Digoksin 0,1 mg
55,333
25,513 ,318
-30,36
141,03
digoksin 0,1 mg
-13,667
25,513 ,993
-99,36
72,03
-186,333*
25,513 ,000
-272,03
-100,64
*
-140,667
25,513 ,001
-226,36
-54,97
-38,333
25,513 ,669
-124,03
47,36
-55,333
25,513 ,318
-141,03
30,36
-69,000
25,513 ,145
-154,69
16,69
-117,333*
25,513 ,006
-203,03
-31,64
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
free
EEDA 1 MG Ca
free
Ca free
EEDA 0,5 MG
EEDA 1 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
free
EEDA 1 MG Ca
free
Ca free
EEDA 0,5 MG
EEDA 1 MG Ca
free
Ca free
EEDA 1 MG Ca
EEDA 1 MG
free
EEDA 0,5 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
free
Ca free
Digoksin 0,1 mg
EEDA 1 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
free
EEDA 1 MG Ca
free
digoksin 0,1 mg
Ca free
digoksin 0,1 mg
EEDA 1 MG
56
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Ca free
EEDA 0,5 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
-71,667
25,513 ,123
-157,36
14,03
30,667
25,513 ,828
-55,03
116,36
13,667
25,513 ,993
-72,03
99,36
69,000
25,513 ,145
-16,69
154,69
free
EEDA 1 MG Ca
free
Digoksin 0,1 mg
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
57
Universitas Sumatera Utara
46
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 2 Gambar tumbuhan
Tumbuhan daun Afrika
Daun Afrika
47
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 3Gambar alat, bahan, dan objek penelitian
Alat Langendorff
Injeksi Ketamin
48
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Injeksi Heparin
Injeksi Digoksin
49
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tikus sebelum dibedah
50
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 4 Bagan penelitian
Ekstrak Etanol Daun Afrika
Karakterisasi
PK air
Skrining Fitokimia
Uji Efek Inotropik dan
Kronotropik
Alkaloid
Flavonoid
Glikosida
Saponin
Tanin
Triterpenoid/Steroid
Glikosida Jantung
51
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 5 Perhitungan penetapan kadar air EEDA
Kadar air ekstrak =
volume air
berat sampel
x 100%
No
Berat sampel (g)
Volume awal (ml)
Volume akhir (ml)
1
2,071
1,85
2,00
2
2,075
2,00
2,15
3
2,070
2,15
2,3
a. Berat sampel = 2,071g
Volume air
= 0,15 ml
Kadar air
=
0,15
� 100% = 7,243%
2,071
b. Berat sampel = 2,075 g
Volume air
= 0,15 ml
Kadar air
=
0,15
2,07
5 x 100% = 7,229%
c. Berat sampel = 2,070 g
Volume air
= 0,15 ml
Kadar air
=
0,15
2,075
Kadar air rata-rata
x 100% = 7,246%
=
(7,243+7,229+7,246)%
3
= 7,239%
52
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 6 Data hasil uji statistik
Descriptives
persen peningkatan kontraktilitas
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
N
Mean
Std.
Std.
Lower
Upper
Deviation
Error
Bound
Bound
Minimum Maximum
EEDA 1 MG
3 54,67
21,032
12,143
2,42
106,91
33
75
EEDA 0,5 MG
3 21,67
9,452
5,457
-1,81
45,15
11
29
EEDA 0,5 MG
3
-2,67
10,116
5,840
-27,80
22,46
-9
9
3
-7,00
17,776
10,263
-51,16
37,16
-21
13
3 90,67
17,926
10,349
46,14
135,20
70
102
2,082
1,202
-18,84
-8,50
-16
-12
40,580
9,565
3,76
44,12
-21
102
F
Sig.
Ca free
EEDA 1 MG
Ca free
digoksin 0,1
mg
digoksin 0,1
mg Ca free
Total
3
13,67
18 23,94
ANOVA
persen peningkatan kontraktilitas
Sum of
Squares
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Df
Mean Square
25443,611
5
5088,722
2551,333
12
212,611
27994,944
17
23,934
,000
Multiple Comparisons
persen peningkatan kontraktilitas
Tukey HSD
95% Confidence
Interval
(I) variasi dosis
(J) variasi dosis
EEDA 1 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
Mean Difference
Std.
(I-J)
Error
Sig.
Lower
Upper
Bound
Bound
33,000
11,905 ,131
-6,99
72,99
*
11,905 ,004
17,34
97,32
57,333
free
53
Universitas Sumatera Utara
61,667*
11,905 ,002
21,68
101,66
digoksin 0,1 mg
-36,000
11,905 ,087
-75,99
3,99
digoksin 0,1 mg
68,333*
11,905 ,001
28,34
108,32
-33,000
11,905 ,131
-72,99
6,99
24,333
11,905 ,374
-15,66
64,32
28,667
11,905 ,227
-11,32
68,66
digoksin 0,1 mg
-69,000*
11,905 ,001
-108,99
-29,01
digoksin 0,1 mg
35,333
11,905 ,095
-4,66
75,32
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca EEDA 1 MG
-57,333*
11,905 ,004
-97,32
-17,34
free
-24,333
11,905 ,374
-64,32
15,66
4,333
11,905 ,999
-35,66
44,32
digoksin 0,1 mg
-93,333*
11,905 ,000
-133,32
-53,34
digoksin 0,1 mg
11,000
11,905 ,933
-28,99
50,99
EEDA 1 MG Ca
free
Ca free
EEDA 0,5 MG
EEDA 1 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
free
EEDA 1 MG Ca
free
Ca free
EEDA 0,5 MG
EEDA 1 MG Ca
free
Ca free
EEDA 1 MG Ca
EEDA 1 MG
-61,667*
11,905 ,002
-101,66
-21,68
free
EEDA 0,5 MG
-28,667
11,905 ,227
-68,66
11,32
-4,333
11,905 ,999
-44,32
35,66
digoksin 0,1 mg
-97,667*
11,905 ,000
-137,66
-57,68
digoksin 0,1 mg
6,667
11,905 ,992
-33,32
46,66
36,000
11,905 ,087
-3,99
75,99
*
11,905 ,001
29,01
108,99
*
93,333
11,905 ,000
53,34
133,32
97,667*
11,905 ,000
57,68
137,66
104,333*
11,905 ,000
64,34
144,32
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
free
Ca free
digoksin 0,1 mg
EEDA 1 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
69,000
free
EEDA 1 MG Ca
free
digoksin 0,1 mg
Ca free
digoksin 0,1 mg
EEDA 1 MG
-68,333*
11,905 ,001
-108,32
-28,34
Ca free
EEDA 0,5 MG
-35,333
11,905 ,095
-75,32
4,66
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
-11,000
11,905 ,933
-50,99
28,99
free
54
Universitas Sumatera Utara
EEDA 1 MG Ca
-6,667
11,905 ,992
-46,66
33,32
-104,333*
11,905 ,000
-144,32
-64,34
free
digoksin 0,1 mg
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Descriptives
persen peningkatan denyut jantung
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
N
Mean
EEDA 1 MG
3 107,00
EEDA 0,5 MG
3
EEDA 0,5 MG
Std.
Std.
Lower
Upper
Deviation
Error
Bound
Bound
Minimum Maximum
26,230
15,144
41,84
172,16
83
135
61,33
6,658
3,844
44,79
77,87
57
69
3 -41,00
25,865
14,933
-105,25
23,25
-69
-18
3 -24,00
64,094
37,005
-183,22
135,22
-62
50
3 -79,33
18,502
10,682
-125,30
-33,37
-98
-61
3 -10,33
2,517
1,453
-16,58
-4,08
-13
-8
69,970
16,492
-32,52
37,07
-98
135
Ca free
EEDA 1 MG
Ca free
Digoksin 0,1
mg
digoksin 0,1
mg Ca free
Total
18
2,28
ANOVA
persen peningkatan denyut jantung
Sum of Squares
Df
Mean Square
Between Groups
71511,611
5
14302,322
Within Groups
11716,000
12
976,333
Total
83227,611
17
F
Sig.
14,649
,000
Multiple Comparisons
persen peningkatan denyut jantung
Tukey HSD
95% Confidence
Interval
(I) variasi dosis
(J) variasi dosis
Mean Difference
Std.
(I-J)
Error
Sig.
Lower
Upper
Bound
Bound
55
Universitas Sumatera Utara
EEDA 1 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG
45,667
25,513 ,506
-40,03
131,36
*
148,000
25,513 ,001
62,31
233,69
131,000*
25,513 ,003
45,31
216,69
Digoksin 0,1 mg
186,333*
25,513 ,000
100,64
272,03
digoksin 0,1 mg
117,333*
25,513 ,006
31,64
203,03
-45,667
25,513 ,506
-131,36
40,03
*
102,333
25,513 ,017
16,64
188,03
85,333
25,513 ,051
-,36
171,03
Digoksin 0,1 mg
140,667*
25,513 ,001
54,97
226,36
digoksin 0,1 mg
71,667
25,513 ,123
-14,03
157,36
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca EEDA 1 MG
-148,000*
25,513 ,001
-233,69
-62,31
free
-102,333*
25,513 ,017
-188,03
-16,64
-17,000
25,513 ,983
-102,69
68,69
Digoksin 0,1 mg
38,333
25,513 ,669
-47,36
124,03
digoksin 0,1 mg
-30,667
25,513 ,828
-116,36
55,03
-131,000*
25,513 ,003
-216,69
-45,31
-85,333
25,513 ,051
-171,03
,36
17,000
25,513 ,983
-68,69
102,69
Digoksin 0,1 mg
55,333
25,513 ,318
-30,36
141,03
digoksin 0,1 mg
-13,667
25,513 ,993
-99,36
72,03
-186,333*
25,513 ,000
-272,03
-100,64
*
-140,667
25,513 ,001
-226,36
-54,97
-38,333
25,513 ,669
-124,03
47,36
-55,333
25,513 ,318
-141,03
30,36
-69,000
25,513 ,145
-154,69
16,69
-117,333*
25,513 ,006
-203,03
-31,64
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
free
EEDA 1 MG Ca
free
Ca free
EEDA 0,5 MG
EEDA 1 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
free
EEDA 1 MG Ca
free
Ca free
EEDA 0,5 MG
EEDA 1 MG Ca
free
Ca free
EEDA 1 MG Ca
EEDA 1 MG
free
EEDA 0,5 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
free
Ca free
Digoksin 0,1 mg
EEDA 1 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
free
EEDA 1 MG Ca
free
digoksin 0,1 mg
Ca free
digoksin 0,1 mg
EEDA 1 MG
56
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Ca free
EEDA 0,5 MG
EEDA 0,5 MG Ca
-71,667
25,513 ,123
-157,36
14,03
30,667
25,513 ,828
-55,03
116,36
13,667
25,513 ,993
-72,03
99,36
69,000
25,513 ,145
-16,69
154,69
free
EEDA 1 MG Ca
free
Digoksin 0,1 mg
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
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Universitas Sumatera Utara