Profil Kuman dan Resistensi Antimikroba Pada Flora Cavum Nasi Petugas Laboratorium RSUP Haji Adam Malik Yang Bekerja Ke Bangsal Dan Yang Tidak Ke Bangsal
74
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Kleven R, Edwards J Richads C, Horan T. Estimating health care
associated infection and death in US Hospital 2002, Puplic Health
Departemen. 2007 ;122: 160-166.
2. Ducel G, Fabry J . Prevention of Hospital – Aquired
Infections a
Practical guide. World Health Organisation 2002;1-8.
3. Darmadi. Infeksi Nosokomial; Proplematika dan Pengendaliannya.
Salemba Medika; 2008.
4. Danzman Lisa, Gastmeier Petra, Schwab Frank, et al. Health Care
Workers Using Large Nosokomial Outbreak : A Systematic Review.
BMJ Infectious Diseases; 2013, 13:98.
5. W Laura,T Jenny, Veenhuenzen Ruth, et al : Antibiotic Use and
Resistance in Long Term Care Facilities , EMCO Institute for Health
and Care Research, Amsterdam, Review, JAMDA 13 .2012; 568e1569e13.
6. Tresaningsih Erna : Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja Laboratorium
Kesehatan, Pusat Kesehatan Kerja . SetJen DEPKES RI; 2007.
7. Terrie C Yvette. Nosocomial Infections ; Impact on Patient care,
BSPahrm, Jamesburg, Virginia. 2006.
75
8. Albrich Werner, Haubarth Stephan. Health care worker : source, vektor
or victim of MRSA? Lancet Infection Disease. 2008; 289-3001.
9. Annu
Theagrajan,
Mahadeva
Sumana,Umamaheswari,
et
al.
Screening health care personel for detection of Methichilin resistant of
Staphylococus aureus carrier state at tertyori care hospital in Mysore.
Mysore :Departement of Microbiology, JSS Medical College; 2013 .
10. Prakash Sah, Raj Komal, Sakhya Bikash, et al. Nasal carriage rate of
Staphylococus aureus in hospital personel of National Medical College
and Teaching Hospital and their antibiotic suspectibility. Nepal:
Departement of Microbiology. Tribhuvan University; 2013.
11. Naem Akhtar : Staphylococal nasal carriage of health care workers,
departemen of pathology . Pakistan: Rapalwindi Medical College;
2009.
12. Askarian Mehrdad, Zeinal Alihusein, Japoni Aziz, et al. Prevalence of
nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its
antibiotic suspectibility pattern in health care workers at Namazi
Hospital. Iran: Departement of Community Medicine, Shiraz University
of Medical Sciences; 2008.
13. Weinsten RA : Resistant Bacteria and Infection Controling Nursing
Home and Hospital. Bull N Y Acad Med. 1987;63: 337-344.
76
14. Goldman Emanuel, Green Lorrence H. Practical Handbook of
Microbiology, second edition. CRC Press. 2009; 275 – 519.
15. Ginting Yosia , Bachtiar Panjaitan . Pencegahan Infeksi Nosokomial
makalah Seminar Ilmiah Tahunan II Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam.
Medan: FK USU; 2001.
16. Wilson. Surgical wound infection as a perfomance indication:
Agreement of common definition of wound Infection. BMJ.2004 ;
329:720.
17. Eggimann Philippe, Didier Pittet. Infection Control in The ICU,
American College of Chest Physicians; 2001.
18. Davis KA, Steewart JJ. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) narres colonozation at hospital admission and its effect on
subsequent MRSA infection. Clin Infectious Diseases . 2004; 39:776.
19. Alfarez Muriel, Odile Marie, Bajolet Odile, et al .Guidelines antibiotic
therapy
and
prevention
of
bacterial
resistance
in
healthcare
organisations, Departement of Good Professional Practice. Prancis;
2008.
20. Mitchel Cathy, Goodrick Stephany, Farmer Tanja, et al .Clinical
educators guide for prevention and control of infection in health care.
Australia: Australian Commision Safety and Quality in Health Care;
2010.
77
21. Budiarto Eko . Biostatistika. Jakarta: EGC. 2001; 218 – 225.
22. Prosedur Tetap Mikrobiologi, Instalasi Patologi Klinik, RSUP H. Adam
Malik Medan.
23. Hardjeno H. Kumpulan Penyakit Infeksi dan Tes Kultur Sensitivitas
Kuman serta Upaya Pengendaliannya. 2007; 5 – 13.
24. Atlas Ronald M, Synder James W : Handbook of Media for Clinical
Microbiology. 2002; 130 – 132.
25. Biomerieux : Methodologie Procedure of API; 2009.
26. L Robert, A Gerald, Brinster Wayne, et al : Performence Standart for
Antimicrobial Suspectibility Testing. USA. Clinical and Laboratory
Standart Institute. 2007: Vol.26 No.3
27. Arghyros Michael, ed al. Guidelines for Assuring Quality of Medical
Microbiological Culture Media; 1996.
28. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia : Pedoman Praktek
Laboratorium Yang Benar. 2003; 9 – 93.
29. Srwa A. Muhammed, Abdullah W, Mohammed. A Comparative study
on detecting bacterial flora of nasal cavity in normal healthy worker and
the healthy students in Koya University. Biology Departement, Faculty
of Science and Health, University of Koya, Iraq. Journal Biological
Sience, volume 9 (Augt 2014 ).p 07-15.
78
30. Sharon, Kalyta, Kumar Zab. The prevalence of Nasal Carriage of
Staphylococcus aureus among health care workers at Assaam
Hospital with special reference of MRSA. Pakistan. J. Clinical
Diagnosis. Feb 2013. 7(2) :257-260
31. K. Ekrem, A. Ozer. A research of nasal methicillin resistant/sensitive
Staphylococcus aureus in midwifery students in Kahramanmaras.
Turkey. Kocatepe Medical Journal 14:77-82/ May 2013.
32. Mani Poker, Mohapathra Tribufan. Staphylococcus aureus nassal
cariage among health workers in Nepal Hospital. Departement of
Microbilogy, Instittute of Medical Sciece, Nepal. Braz J Infect Dis vol
13. No.5 Salvador Oct.2009
33. Gurieva Tatian, CJ Martin, Bonten Marc. Decolonization of patients
and health care workers to control nosokomial spread of methicilin
resistant Staphylococcus aureus. University Medical Center Uthrech
Netherlads. BMC Infectious Disease 2012, 12:302.
34. Descheemaeker, Lammens, Goosens, ed all. Macrolide resistence
determinant among Belgian Streptococcus isolates.
Journal of
Antimicroabial and Chemotherapy, Volume 45, Pp 167-173.1999
35. Holley H.P ed all. Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumonia
recovered from outpatient in united States during winter month.
79
National
Surveilence
Study.
USA.
Antimirobial
agent
and
Chemotherapy40.1208-13.1996
36. Geslin Ped all. Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus: an
epidemiological
survey
Diseases15,95-8. 1990.
in
France,1990.Clinical
Infectious
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Kleven R, Edwards J Richads C, Horan T. Estimating health care
associated infection and death in US Hospital 2002, Puplic Health
Departemen. 2007 ;122: 160-166.
2. Ducel G, Fabry J . Prevention of Hospital – Aquired
Infections a
Practical guide. World Health Organisation 2002;1-8.
3. Darmadi. Infeksi Nosokomial; Proplematika dan Pengendaliannya.
Salemba Medika; 2008.
4. Danzman Lisa, Gastmeier Petra, Schwab Frank, et al. Health Care
Workers Using Large Nosokomial Outbreak : A Systematic Review.
BMJ Infectious Diseases; 2013, 13:98.
5. W Laura,T Jenny, Veenhuenzen Ruth, et al : Antibiotic Use and
Resistance in Long Term Care Facilities , EMCO Institute for Health
and Care Research, Amsterdam, Review, JAMDA 13 .2012; 568e1569e13.
6. Tresaningsih Erna : Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja Laboratorium
Kesehatan, Pusat Kesehatan Kerja . SetJen DEPKES RI; 2007.
7. Terrie C Yvette. Nosocomial Infections ; Impact on Patient care,
BSPahrm, Jamesburg, Virginia. 2006.
75
8. Albrich Werner, Haubarth Stephan. Health care worker : source, vektor
or victim of MRSA? Lancet Infection Disease. 2008; 289-3001.
9. Annu
Theagrajan,
Mahadeva
Sumana,Umamaheswari,
et
al.
Screening health care personel for detection of Methichilin resistant of
Staphylococus aureus carrier state at tertyori care hospital in Mysore.
Mysore :Departement of Microbiology, JSS Medical College; 2013 .
10. Prakash Sah, Raj Komal, Sakhya Bikash, et al. Nasal carriage rate of
Staphylococus aureus in hospital personel of National Medical College
and Teaching Hospital and their antibiotic suspectibility. Nepal:
Departement of Microbiology. Tribhuvan University; 2013.
11. Naem Akhtar : Staphylococal nasal carriage of health care workers,
departemen of pathology . Pakistan: Rapalwindi Medical College;
2009.
12. Askarian Mehrdad, Zeinal Alihusein, Japoni Aziz, et al. Prevalence of
nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its
antibiotic suspectibility pattern in health care workers at Namazi
Hospital. Iran: Departement of Community Medicine, Shiraz University
of Medical Sciences; 2008.
13. Weinsten RA : Resistant Bacteria and Infection Controling Nursing
Home and Hospital. Bull N Y Acad Med. 1987;63: 337-344.
76
14. Goldman Emanuel, Green Lorrence H. Practical Handbook of
Microbiology, second edition. CRC Press. 2009; 275 – 519.
15. Ginting Yosia , Bachtiar Panjaitan . Pencegahan Infeksi Nosokomial
makalah Seminar Ilmiah Tahunan II Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam.
Medan: FK USU; 2001.
16. Wilson. Surgical wound infection as a perfomance indication:
Agreement of common definition of wound Infection. BMJ.2004 ;
329:720.
17. Eggimann Philippe, Didier Pittet. Infection Control in The ICU,
American College of Chest Physicians; 2001.
18. Davis KA, Steewart JJ. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) narres colonozation at hospital admission and its effect on
subsequent MRSA infection. Clin Infectious Diseases . 2004; 39:776.
19. Alfarez Muriel, Odile Marie, Bajolet Odile, et al .Guidelines antibiotic
therapy
and
prevention
of
bacterial
resistance
in
healthcare
organisations, Departement of Good Professional Practice. Prancis;
2008.
20. Mitchel Cathy, Goodrick Stephany, Farmer Tanja, et al .Clinical
educators guide for prevention and control of infection in health care.
Australia: Australian Commision Safety and Quality in Health Care;
2010.
77
21. Budiarto Eko . Biostatistika. Jakarta: EGC. 2001; 218 – 225.
22. Prosedur Tetap Mikrobiologi, Instalasi Patologi Klinik, RSUP H. Adam
Malik Medan.
23. Hardjeno H. Kumpulan Penyakit Infeksi dan Tes Kultur Sensitivitas
Kuman serta Upaya Pengendaliannya. 2007; 5 – 13.
24. Atlas Ronald M, Synder James W : Handbook of Media for Clinical
Microbiology. 2002; 130 – 132.
25. Biomerieux : Methodologie Procedure of API; 2009.
26. L Robert, A Gerald, Brinster Wayne, et al : Performence Standart for
Antimicrobial Suspectibility Testing. USA. Clinical and Laboratory
Standart Institute. 2007: Vol.26 No.3
27. Arghyros Michael, ed al. Guidelines for Assuring Quality of Medical
Microbiological Culture Media; 1996.
28. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia : Pedoman Praktek
Laboratorium Yang Benar. 2003; 9 – 93.
29. Srwa A. Muhammed, Abdullah W, Mohammed. A Comparative study
on detecting bacterial flora of nasal cavity in normal healthy worker and
the healthy students in Koya University. Biology Departement, Faculty
of Science and Health, University of Koya, Iraq. Journal Biological
Sience, volume 9 (Augt 2014 ).p 07-15.
78
30. Sharon, Kalyta, Kumar Zab. The prevalence of Nasal Carriage of
Staphylococcus aureus among health care workers at Assaam
Hospital with special reference of MRSA. Pakistan. J. Clinical
Diagnosis. Feb 2013. 7(2) :257-260
31. K. Ekrem, A. Ozer. A research of nasal methicillin resistant/sensitive
Staphylococcus aureus in midwifery students in Kahramanmaras.
Turkey. Kocatepe Medical Journal 14:77-82/ May 2013.
32. Mani Poker, Mohapathra Tribufan. Staphylococcus aureus nassal
cariage among health workers in Nepal Hospital. Departement of
Microbilogy, Instittute of Medical Sciece, Nepal. Braz J Infect Dis vol
13. No.5 Salvador Oct.2009
33. Gurieva Tatian, CJ Martin, Bonten Marc. Decolonization of patients
and health care workers to control nosokomial spread of methicilin
resistant Staphylococcus aureus. University Medical Center Uthrech
Netherlads. BMC Infectious Disease 2012, 12:302.
34. Descheemaeker, Lammens, Goosens, ed all. Macrolide resistence
determinant among Belgian Streptococcus isolates.
Journal of
Antimicroabial and Chemotherapy, Volume 45, Pp 167-173.1999
35. Holley H.P ed all. Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumonia
recovered from outpatient in united States during winter month.
79
National
Surveilence
Study.
USA.
Antimirobial
agent
and
Chemotherapy40.1208-13.1996
36. Geslin Ped all. Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus: an
epidemiological
survey
Diseases15,95-8. 1990.
in
France,1990.Clinical
Infectious