An Analysis Of Student’s Speech Act At Canteen Faculty Of Cultural Studies University Of Sumatera Utara

CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE ANALYSIS

  3.1 Location The study was conducted at Canteen Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Medan.

  The reason why the writer took the location is due the writer is one of student at Faculty of Cultural studies at that University.

  The research location is a place where researchers studies. In this study researchers also as a research instrument, conduct research at University of Sumatera Utara campus is located in the Faculty of Cultural Studies. This is because the objectstudied is speech or utterances, the researchers prefer the campus to do research. In addition, researchers conducted the study inprivate rooms as well as supported by means of appropriate equipment forsupport the research process.In this study, researchers conducted a study in several weeks, start from 10/10/2014 to 10/02/2015 this is because previous researchersgradually been doing research for then do researchintensified the research object.

  3.2 Research Method

  There are three kinds of research based on the location of the research library, labolatory, and field research ( Bugin, 2005 : 40-41 ) in doing research, the writer took field research to collect his data and he also applied library research to obtain information to support the analysis. The method of the study that use is quantitative method as Arikunto (2006 : 12) says that quantitative research applies number from collecting the data, describing the data, until the result of the research. Moreover, the results of the research would be better by applying table, graph, draft, picture, etc.

  The research was conducted at of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara there are at English Department, Arabic Department, Japanese Department and Chinese Department.

3.3 Population and Sample

  Populasi adalah himpunansemuahal yang ingindiketahuidalampenelitian (Malo,

1985:149). Sample adalahbagiandaripopulasi yang dapatmewakilipopulasi data yang ada

(Malo, 1985: 152). Population data in this study is in the form of dialogue as a whole contained at

  Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara. In this study, researchers used a sample of some of the data in the form of dialogue with regard to the follow-locutions, illocutionary, and perlocution.

  The population of this research are 300 students, the population in data is sentence which obtained from 32 respondents, Arikunto(2006:12) says that sample is purposed by taking the subject not based on the level, random, or domain but it’s taken based on the certain purpose. Thus, the researcher took sample based on the sentences which speech act sentence.

  Sampel adalah bagian dari jumlah dan karakteristik yang dimiliki oleh populasi

tersebut(Sugiyono2011:120). Sedangkan menurut pendapat lainnya, yang dimaksud sampel atau

contoh adalah sebagian atau wakil populasi yang diteliti (Arikunto, 2010: 174).

  Penentuan besarnya sampel dalam penelitian ini didasarkan pada pendapat Arikunto berikut:

  “Untuk sekedar ancer- ancer, maka apabila subyeknya kurang dari 100, lebih baik

semua sehingga penelitiannya adalah penelitian populasi.Selanjutnya apabila subyeknya besar

dapat diambil antara 10-15% atau 20-25% atau lebih.”

  Based on the concept mentioned above, because the population of more than 100, the researchers took samples of 10-15%. With the sample number was expected to meet the requirements of the sampling.

3.4 Data Collecting Methods

  In this study, researchers collected data based dialogue reflected at Faculty of Cultural Studies Canteen University of Sumatera Utara.

  Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data yaitu metode simak (Sudaryanto, 1993: 133).

  Refer to the method is a method by means of listeninga language. The techniques used in this method, which is a technique ListenProficient involved free. In this technique, the researchers not involved in the dialogue, conversations,or reward speech. So, the researchers did not participate in the talks process those peoplewho is speaking in the dialogue.

  After that, the researchers also uses techniques Record. In this technique, researchersrecord all the data found in the data card and using mediacomputer as a place to store data that is then followed byclassification (Sudaryanto, 1993: 135).

  Additionally, in this study the researchers also using descriptive method, the method in which the researchers explained that there are forms of speech acts that, in this study. The researcher use theory of Daulay, burt, And Krashen in analyzing the type of speech act made by students in faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan.

CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1. Presentation of Data 4.1.1.Speech act reflected at Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara.

  Many utterances that reflected at canteen Faculty of Cultural studies University of Sumatera Utara, there are: Conversation at the canteen Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara.

  4.1.1.1 Data 1 (English Department 2010)

  Ad : Could you order us for two cups of tea, please ! Yu : Yes certainly, ice tea or hot tea? Ad : Ice tea please.

  Yuk : Wait for a while, please. Ad : Thank you Yu : What would you like to eat? Ad : Fried noodle please Yu : Okay, it's ready now.

  4.1.1.2Analysis of Data I

  Ad : Could you order us for two cups of tea, please ! Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires the hearer about coffee because he want to drink that coffee Yu : Yes certainly, ice tea or hot tea? Direct : Informing, Asking.

  Literal : The speaker literally informs the hearer will order that coffee, and the speaker asks what coffee want to order.

  Ad : Ice tea please.

  Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker gives information that coffee.

  Yu : Wait for a while, please. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker informing to the hearer to wait for a while.

  Ad : Thank you Direct : Thanking Literal : The speaker literally thanks the hearer for being so kind to him.

  Yu : What would you like to eat? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires the hearer about the food want to eat.

  Ad : Fried noodle please Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker informs the hearer that food Yu : Okay, it's ready now.

  Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker informing that will okay all.

4.1.1.1.3 DataII (English Department 2011)

  Ay : Hei Dewi, how are you today? De : Hei Ayu, I am very fine. How about you? Ay : I am fine too Dewi. What do you want something to eat for breakfast? De:Yeah I want to eat fried rice with special chicken and egg. How about you? Ay : I want to eat Nasi Uduk with egg and tempe and very spicy sauce.

  De : Okay, just wait here, Ayu and I will order. Ay: Thank you Wi for doing that . By the way.Why do you seldom breakfast at this canteen? De : Usually I cooked my breakfeast in my renthome.

4.1.1.1.4 Analysis of Data II

  Ay : Hei Dewi, how are you today? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires the hearer about Dewi condition.

  De : Hei Ayu, I am very fine. How about you? Direct : Informing and asking Literal : The speaker literally informs the hearer about her condition.

  Ay : I am fine too Dewi. What do you want something to eat for breakfast? Direct : Informing and Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally informs her condition and he enquires about hearer condition.

  De : Yeah I want to eat fried rice with special chicken and egg. How about you? Direct : Informing and Enquiring Literal : The speaker Literally informs her ordering and enquires about hearer.

  Ay : I want to eat Nasi Uduk with egg and tempe and very spicy sauce. Direct : Asking Literal : The speaker literally asks the hearer what she wants.

  De : Okay, just wait here, Ayu and I will order. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker informs the hearer to wait for a while.

  Ay : Thank you Wi for doing that . By the way. Why do you seldom breakfast at canteen? Direct : Thanking and enquiring

  Literal : The speaker literally thanks the hearer and asking about information why the hearer seldom breakfast.

  De : Usually I cooked my breakfeast in my renthome. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs the hearer she is cooked in her rental home.

4.1.1.5 Data III (English Department 2012)

  De : Hi Ira, it’s a rest break, why do you just stay in the class? Let’s go to the canteen. Ir : Actually I have to finish my homework. But, no problem, I can do it later. De : That’s a homework, why didn’t you do in your home? Ir : That’s my bad habit? Any problem? De : Not really.

  At the canteen.

  Ir : What are you going to order? De : I think meatball and ice tea. Ir : Ok, wait a minute, I tell your order. De : Ok, thank you. Ir : No problem.

  A few minutes later.

  De : The waiter told me that we might have to wait for little bit long because there are so many orders. Ir : No problem. I am not in hurry. Hey, tell me about the examination yesterday.. I mean maybe the questions will be the same for my class. De : Hmmm, when will the exam be held in your class? Ir : Tomorrow morning. It will be the first hour. De : Ok, you need to study about pronoun, countable noun, un- countable noun, and some tenses. The questions are related to those topics. Ir : Ok, and then? Any other topic? De : Hmmm, oh ya I remember it. The conditional sentence appeared for about three questions. Ira : Thank you Dewi. What are the kinds of those questions. I mean multiple choice or essay? Ira : Essay! It’s gonna be so difficult. You need to study hard. De : Really? I must prepare it well. Ir : Yes of course.

  De : May I ask your notes because my notes are not complete enough for the examination. Ir : No problem. Just visit my home tonight or after school. De : Ok. Thank you Ira. Ir : You’re welcome. Our foods are coming, let’s eat.

4.1.1.1.6 Analysis of Data III

  De : Hi Ira, it’s a rest break, why do you just stay in the class? Let’s go to the canteen.

  Direct : Informing and asking Literal : The speaker Literally informs and asks the hearer to go to canteen.

  Ir : Actually I have to finish my homework. But, no problem, I can do it later. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs the hearer she will do that homework as pas as possible.

  De : That’s a homework, why didn’t you do in your home? Direct : Asking Literal : The speaker literally asks the hearer about that homework.

  Ir : That’s my bad habit? Any problem? Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs that is speaker habitation to the hearer.

  De :Owhhhh,, What ails are you? Direct : Mocking Literal : The speaker non-literally mock the hearer that the hearer is grazy.

  At the canteen.

  Ir : What are you going to order? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The Speaker literally asks the hearer what is her ordering.

  De : I think meatball and ice tea. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs that the speaker ordering.

  Ir : Ok, wait a minute, I tell your order. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs that will okay to the hearer.

  De : Ok, thank you. Direct : Thanking Literal : The speaker Literally thanks the hearer for being so kind to him.

  Ira : No problem. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs that is no problem.

  A few minutes later.

  De : The waiter told me that we might have to wait for little bit long because there are so many orders.

  Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker informs the hearer he might to wait for a while because there adre many orders.

  Ir : No problem. I am not in hurry. Hey, tell me about the examination yesterday..

  I mean maybe the questions will be the same for my class. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs no problem about that, she is not in hurry.

  De : Hmmm, when will the exam be held in your class? Direct : Asking Literal : The speaker literally asks the hearer when they take exam.

  Ir : Tomorrow morning. It will be the first hour. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs the time of the exam.

  De : Ok, you need to study about pronoun, countable noun, un-countable noun, and some tenses. The questions are related to those topics.

  Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs about the topic examination.

  Ir : Ok, and then? Any other topic? Direct : Asking Literal : The speaker literally asks her about other topics.

  De : Hmmm, oh ya I remember it. The conditional sentence appeared for about three questions.

  Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs about the topic for tomorrow.

  Ir : Thank you Dewi. What are the kinds of those questions. I mean multiple choice or essay? Direct : Thanking and asking Literal : the speaker literally thanks the hearer and asking about question.

  Ir : Essay! It’s gonna be so difficult. You need to study hard. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker informs the hearer to study hard.

  De : Really? I must prepare it well. Direct : Stating Literal : The speaker literally tells the hearer that he want to study hard to prepare that examination.

  Ir : Yes of course. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs yes.

  D : May I ask your notes because my notes are not complete enough for the examination.

  Direct : Asking Literal : The speaker literally asks the hearer about the notes.

  Ir : No problem. Just visit my home tonight or after school. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker informs the hearer to visit her house.

  De : Ok. Thank you Ira. Direct : Thanking Literal : The speaker literally thanks the hearer.

  Ir : You’re welcome. Our foods are coming, let’s eat. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs the hearer.

  4.1.1.1.7 Data IV (English Department 2013)

  Fa : Hey, Good morning, Riah! Kha : Hello there, Farah! Good morning. Fa : Wow, I don’t see you very often to be in cantin this early. What makes you come so early this morning? Kha : That’s actually fine, Farah. My house is kind of far from our Campus, I’m just afraid I would come late if I didn’t come so early. Fa : But, I think you never come this early before, Riah. It’s just 08.00 AM now. I usually see you come to class around 08.20 AM. Kha : Yeah, Farah. As a matter of fact, the road where I pass by the bus I take everyday to campus is now under betterment. The betterment process really disrupts the traffic condition, so I always end up trapped in traffic jam lately. Due to the traffic jam, I almost come late everyday to campus. So, during the road betterment I will come to campus earlier than before. Fa : That’s a smart decision, Riah. You know about our campus rules, right? Kha : Yeah, you are so right, that would be awful. So, what makes you come this early, Farah? Do you usually arrive at campus this early? Fa : Yes, Riah. I come this early to campus everyday. Kha : Wow, what a duty! By the way, do you do all the preparation things by yourself? It must be tiring. Fa : Heehee it won’t happen, Kha : Heehee I thought that you have to set everything up all alone. Fa : And… besides of my duty as a student, there are also a few things that please me to be in the campus this early. Kha : Huh? What are those? Fa : Humm… I think the air in here is clearer if you breathe in at this early hour. And you may also find some gauze or thin mist around the campus. Kha : Yeah, you’re right, Vina. I do feel the air is clearer and I think I saw that thin mist you said too. Fa : Yeah, So, coming earlier to campus isn’t bad, right? Kha : Yup, it’s not that bad. Fa : And maybe, you could do some homework you forgot to do last night by coming early to the campus. Fa : Oh, my! I remember I got homework I haven’t finished. I have to finish it before the bell rings. What a great talk, Vina! I’ve got to go, see you later!

  Kha : Haha…See ‘ya, Farah!

  4.1.1.1.8 Analysis of Data IV

  Fa : Hey, Good morning, Riah!

  Direct : Greeting Literal : The speaker literally greets the hearer.

  Kha : Hello there, Farah! Good morning. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally gives information on that dialogue.

  Fa : Wow, I don’t see you very often to be in cantin this early. What makes you come so early this morning? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquiring the hearer why does hearer come early.

  Kha : That’s actually fine, Farah. My house is kind of far from our Campus, I’m just afraid I would come late if I didn’t come so early.

  Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally Informs the hearer he was afraid to late.

  Fa : But, I think you never come this early before, Riah. It’s just 08.00 AM now. I usually see you come to class around 08.20 AM.

  Direct : Inforrming Literal : The speaker literally inform about hearer information.

  Kha : Yeah, Farah. As a matter of fact, the road where I pass by the bus I take everyday to campus is now under betterment. The betterment process really disrupts the traffic condition, so I always end up trapped in traffic jam lately. Due to the traffic jam, I almost come late everyday to campus. So, during the road betterment I will come to campus earlier than before.

  Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer about speaker habit.

  Fa : That’s a smart decision, Riah. You know about our campus rules, right? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires hearer about campus rules.

  Kha : Yeah, you are so right, that would be awful. So, what makes you come this early, Farah? Do you usually arrive at campus this early? Direct : Informing Literal :The speaker literally informs about hearer condition.

  Fa : Yes, Riah. I come this early to campus everyday. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer about the speaker.

  Kha : Wow, what a duty! By the way, do you do all the preparation things by yourself? It must be tiring.

  Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally Enquires about hearer preparation the speaker absolutely wonderful about that activities.

  Fa : Heehee it won’t happen, Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs that is her habitual.

  Kha : Heehee I thought that you have to set everything up all alone. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs about hearer habitual.

  Fa : And… besides of my duty as a student, there are also a few things that please me to be in the campus this early.

  Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs her duty as a student to the hearer.

  Kha : Huh? What are those? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires and want to know what the speaker duty.

  Farah : Humm… I think the air in here is clearer if you breathe in at this early hour. And you may also find some gauze or thin mist around the campus. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs her encouragement to campus to the hearer.

  Kha : Yeah, you’re right. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs the hearer and the speaker absolutely wrapper about that information.

  Fa : Yeah, So, coming earlier to campus isn’t bad, right? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires to the hearer is bad goes to campus early? Kha : Yup, it’s gooooood.

  Direct : Information Literal : The speaker Literally informs hearer that’s good.

  Fa : And maybe, you could do some homework you forgot to do last night by coming early to the campus.

  Direct : Information and enquiring Literal : The speaker literally informs and enquires hearer about her homework.

  Fa : Oh, my! I remember I got homework I haven’t finished. I have to finish it before entering the class.

  Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs the hearer she want to do the homework Kha : Haha…See ‘ya, Farah!Hurry ! Direct : Ordering Literal : The speaker Literally orders the hearer to do the homework as pas as possible.

  4.1.1.1.9 Data V (English Department 2014) Ve : I’ll just have mandi Fitri.

  Fi : Fine. I’ll order it right away kak. Ve : Do you take milk with your coffee? Fi : Yes, I take it Kak.

  Ve : Is everything okay here? Fi :Yes, Everything is fine Kak. Kak I want to join my class as pas as possible kak Ve : Very well then. Have a nice day. Fi : Thanks ya Kak.

  4.1.1.1.10Analysis of data V Ve : I’ll just have mandi Fitri.

  Direct : Order Literal : The speaker literally orders hearer to buy that drinking.

  Fi : Fine. I’ll order it right away kak. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer she will order that.

  Ve : Do you take milk with your coffee? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literall enquires hearer about drinking.

  Fi : Yes, I take it Kak. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally inform hearers to takes thar order.

  Ve : Is everything okay here? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires hearer about condition.

  Fi : Yes, Everything is fine Kak. Kak I want to join my class as pas aspossible kak Direct : Informing and asking Literal : The speaker literally informs and asks hearer he want to follow the class right now Ve : Very well then. Have a nice day. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer to get luck Fi : Thanks ya Kak.

  Direct : Thanking Literal : The speaker literally thanking hearer because she is so kind for her.

  4.1.1.1.11 Data VI (Arabic Department 2010)

  An : Ila aina anta wahyu? Wa : Ila hunaka, limadza? An : Huna anta tajlis, nasrob awanal nahnu.

  Wa : Na’am, ajhab amamuka. An : Ma dza tasrob Wa : Susu dingin. Anta? An : Ana aidon. Qul awalan maahu.

  Wa : Naam, Limadza anta la tadhul? An : La ba’sa. Ana kaslan. Wa : Miroron jiddan anta huna. Laziz naam? An : Naam, laziz jiuddan huna, Hayya alal asrob qod ta’ti sarobuna. Wa : Naam. Syukron alaika Naam. An : Naam, la ba’sa dzalik., Wa : Ana Adkhul awalan ilal fasli. An : Tafaddol.

  4.1.1.1.12 Analysis of data VI

  An : Ila aina anta wahyu? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally Enquires the hearer where he want to go, here the speaker try to call and company him there.

  Wa : Ila hunaka, limadza? Direct : Informing and Enquiring Literal : Th speaker Literally informs and enquires him why? An : Huna anta tajlis, nasrob awanal nahnu.

  Direct : Inviting Literal : The speaker Literally Invites the hearer to drink there.

  Wa : Na’am, ajhab amamuka. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs he will join the table.

  An : Ma dza tasrob? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker Literally enquires the hearer what he want to drink.

  Wa : Susu dingin. Anta? Direct : Informing and Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally informs and enquires the hearer what will he drink with question tag.

  An : Ana aidon. Qul awalan maahu. Direct : Informing and ordering

  Literal : The speaker literally informs and orders what he will drink Wa : Naam, Limadza anta la tadhul? Direct : Informing and Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires why didn’t he join the class.

  An : La ba’sa. Ana kaslan. Direct : Informing Literally : The speaker literally informs he was lazy.

  Wa : Miroron jiddan anta huna. Laziz naam? Direct : Informing and enquiring Literal : The speaker literally informs the hearer and enquires him.

  An : Naam, laziz jiuddan huna, Hayya alal asrob qod ta’ti sarobuna. Direct : Informing and asking Literally : The speaker literally asks to drink because their drinking was coming.

  Wa : Naam. Syukron alaika Naam. Direct : Thanking Literally : The speaker literally thanks to hearer.

  An : Naam, la ba’sa dzalik.

  Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs Wa : Ana Adkhul awalan ilal fasli.

  Direct : Informing and asking Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer he want to join the class.

  An : Tafaddol. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer to join the class before.

  4.1.1.1 .13Data VII (Arabic Department 2011)

  Su : Kaifahalukahi? Au : Bilkhoir, madzata’malhuna? Su : Saasrobanasohib, anta ilaaina? Au : Ilahunashohib, Madzatasrob? Su : Manisdinginsohib, anta madza? Au : sawaaidonshohib.

  Su : aidarsin anta atdkhulba’dinakhi? Au : Filsafatakhi. Anta? Su : Terjemahanakhi. Ai saah anta tadkhulahki? Au : Sa’atuttasiakhi, anta? Su : Sawaaidon.

  Au : Kaifafakkartamahasiswasohib?

  Su : Laziz, Liannanahnunataalamkaifaqolafilhadits, utlubulilmaminal Mahdi ilallahdi, shohikanakhi? Au :Shohihjiddan. Mahirjiddan anta al-an akhi.

  Su : AKKKKhh, Wolesazalahakhi. Au : Hayya ‘alas sarbi, qodja a sarbina. Su : Hayya.Ba’dataallum anta ilaaina? Au : Ilabaitiakhi, Limadz s tadba’ anta? Su : Laa. Saas al faqod.

  Au : Owhhh. Okelahakhi, anaawwalanakhinaam, liana dosen fi hadzalyaumbahayaizanataakkhorakhi. Su : OK. Akhitafaddol.

4.1.1.1.14 Analysis of data VII

  Su : Kaifahalukahi? Direct : Enquiring Literally : The speaker literally enquires about hearer news.

  Au : Bilkhoir, madzata’malhuna? Direct : Information and Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally informs and enquires hearer doing.

  Su : Saasrobanasohib, anta ilaaina? Direct : Informing and enquires Literal : The speaker literally informs his job and enquires the hearer will do.

  Au : Ilahunashohib, Madzatasrob? Direct : Order and enquires Literal : The speaker literally order and enquires what the hearer drink.

  Su : Manisdinginsohib, anta madza? Direct : Informing and enquiring

  Literal : The speaker literally informs and enquirewhat the hearer drink too. Au : Sawaaidonshohib. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs about order.

  Su : Aidarsin anta atdkhulba’dinakhi? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires about the subject.

  Au : Filsafatakhi. Anta? Direct : Informing and enquiring Literal : The speaker literally informs and enquires with anta.

  Su : Terjemahanakhi. Ai saah anta tadkhulahki? Direct : Information and enquiring Literal : The speaker literally informs and enquires to the hearer.

  Au : Sa’atuttasiakhi, anta? Direct : Informing and enquiring Literal : The speaker literally informs and enquires the hearer.

  Su : Sawaaidon. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally Informs the hearer about the time to join the class.

  Au : Kaifafakkartamahasiswasohib?` Direct : Enquires Literal : The speaker literally enquires the hearer about student.

  Su : Laziz, Liannanahnunataalamkaifaqolafilhadits, utlubulilmaminal Mahdi ilallahdi, shohikanakhi?

  Direct : Information

  Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer about student to the hearer. Au :Shohihjiddan. Mahirjiddan anta al-an akhi. Direct : Supporting Literal : The speaker literally supports about that answer.

  Su : AKKKKhh, Wolesazalahakhi. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs to keep quite.

  Au : Hayya ‘alas sarbi, qodja a sarbina. Direct : Asking Literal : The speaker literally asking hearer to drink Su : Hayya.Ba’dataallum anta ilaaina? Direct : Inviting and enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires hearer doing after join the class.

  Au : Ilabaitiakhi, Limada sa tadba’ anta? Direct : Information and enquiring Literal : The speaker literally informs and enquires activities after class.

  Su : Laa. Saas al faqod. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs that is just a question.

  Au : Owhhh. Okelahakhi, anaawwalanakhinaam, liana dosen fi hadzalyaumbahayaizanataakkhorakhi. Direct : Asking Literal : The speaker literally asking to hearer he wants to join the class.

  Su : OK. Akhitafaddol. Direct : Information

  Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer to wait.

  4.1.1.1.15 Data VIII (Arabic Department 2012)

  Nur : Halooakhi, ilaaina anti? Fit : Ilalfashli, Limadzaukhti? Nur : La ba’sa, huna anta ukhti, nasrob au aklawalannahnuqoblanajhabilalfasli.

  Fit : Okelahukhti, Maaman anti hunahanifan? Nur : Binafsiukhti, Limadza? Fit : La ba’sa, miroron anti hunabinafsika? Nur : Laauti, hadzafaqodbinafsi, qoblahumaaashabina.

  Fit : Madzata’kuliinaukhti? Nur : Akaltuukhti, anti faqodlaaba’saanaanjuurukifaqod. Fit : Shohih anti limadza? Nur : Shohihhhhh. Laasrob Kaman ana, sarobtuhanifanfilbaiti. Fit : la lazizz anti, anaa’murmaa’kimandinaam? Nur : Laaaa, Lauridanaukhti. Fit : Laaba’saanaadfakmaakiba’din. Nur : Kholasshohib. Fit : Oke, liana atilaturdiinahayyailalfsalimaaashabina. Nur : Hayaashohib. Limadza anti la tasrobiina? Fit : Lianna anti la tasrob, walakinsaatuhulimuqolatiddurus. Hayyaba’dinfaqdba’ da nataallamnahnunajhab Kaman ilahunalinasrobwanakul. Nur : Okelahukhti. Suqronalannasihatuki.

  4.1.1.1.16 Analysis of Data VIII

  Nur : Halooakhi, ilaaina anti? Direct : Greeting and enquiring

  Literal : The speaker literally greet and enquires where the hearer dos go. Fit : Ilalfashli, Limadzaukhti? Direct : Informing and enquiring Literal : The speaker literally Informs and enquiring why.

  Nur : La ba’sa, huna anta ukhti, nasrob au aklawalannahnuqoblanajhabilalfasli. Direct : Asking Literal : The speaker Literally Asks hearer to company at the canteen.

  Fit : Okelahukhti, Maaman anti hunahanifan? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires hearer who did company him Nur : Binafsiukhti, Limadza? Direct : Informing and enquiring Literal : The speaker literally informs and enquires why.

  Fit : La ba’sa, miroron anti hunabinafsiki? Direct : Information Literal ; The speaker literally informs hearer seldom join the class.

  Nur : Laaukhti, hadzafaqodbinafsi, qoblahumaaashohibina. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer with her her friend before.

  Fit : Madzata’kuliinaukhti? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires what she want to eat.

  Nur : Akaltuukhti, anti faqodlaaba’saanaanjuurukifaqod. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer she was eaten.

  Fit : Shohih anti limadza? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires about hearer.

  Nur : Shohihhhhh. Laasrob Kaman ana, sarobtuhanifanfilbaiti. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer she will not order anything.

  Fit : La lazizz anti, anaa’murmaa’kimandinaam? Direct : Asking Literal : The speaker literally asks hearer abou drinking Nur : Laaaa, Lauridanaukhti.

  Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally Informs She will not order anything.

  Fit : Laaba’saanaadfakmaakiba’din. Direct : Offering Literal : The speaker literally offers hearer drinking Nur : Kholasshohib.

  Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs she will not drink anything.

  Fit : Oke,thanks Nur : Hayaashohib. Limadza anti la tasrobiina? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires hearer why did not drink.

  Fit : Lianna anti la tasrob, walakinsaatuhulimuqolatiddurus. Hayyaba’dinfaqdba’ da nataallamnahnunajhab Kaman ilahunalinasrobwanakul. Direct : Information

  Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer about time to join the class. Nur : Okelahukhti. Suqronalannasihatuki. Direct : Thanking Literal : The speaker literally thanks to hearer because giving information.

4.1.1.1.17 DataIX (Arabic Department 2013)

  Ud : Ma ta’ mal huna? Limadza laa tas rob au takkul? Fa : Ajlis faqod, Maafi fulusi. Ud : La ba’sa ana adfa’ anta ba’din, qul faqod maa tasrob. Fa : Sa asrob manis dingin laa ba’sa. Ud : Taddol akhi, laa ba’sa dzalik, qul maaha awwalan sawa nahnu, Fa : Naam akhi, buddan awalan saajhab ila hunaka. Ud : Naam, Tafaddol akhi. Fa : Kasir fulusuka naam akhi? Ud : Laa, maujud qolil. Limadza akhi? Fa : Saastair fulusaka shohib. Ud : Kam akhi? Fa : Khomsuna faqod, maafi fulusi kaman akhi. Ud : Limadza yas tati’ kadzalik? Fa : Amsih Do,a fulusii fil baiti liaanna dzalik mafi kaman fulusi. Ud : Idfa’ sarbina hadza shohib, khuz maaka khomsuna Fa : Syukron katsiron naam shohib. Ud : Syukron aidon, walakin laisa misla dzalik, anta shohibi. Fa : Maafi nazortu insan mislaka shohib, anta khoir mai, syukron shohib. Ud : Hayya ilal fasli insa’ dzalik.

4.1.1.1.18 Analysis of Data IX

  Ud : Ma ta’ mal huna? Limadza laa tas rob au takkul? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally Enquires what did hearer did and what did hearer want to eat and drink.

  Fa : Ajlis faqod, Maafi fulusi. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer he doesn’t drink becaue of money.

  Ud : La ba’sa ana adfa’ anta ba’din, qul faqod maa tasrob. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs want to pay hearer.

  Fa : Sa asrob manis dingin laa ba’sa. Direct : Requesting Literal : The speaker Literally Request cool drink Ud : Taddol akhi, laa ba’sa dzalik, qul maaha awwalan sawa nahnu, Direct : Giving Literal : The speaker literally gives hearer and the speaker order to hearer to buy that drinking.

  Fa : Naam akhi, buddan awalan saajhab ila hunaka. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally inform to wait for a while.

  Ud : Naam, Tafaddol akhi. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer of waiting that order.

  Fa : Kasir fulusuka naam akhi? Direct : Enquiring

  Literal : The speaker literally enquires hearer about money, he wants to borrow hearer’s money. Ud : Laa, maujud qolil. Limadza akhi? Direct : Information and enquiring Literal : The speaker literal inform and enquires why.

  Fa : Saastair fulusaka shohib. Direct : Request Literal : The speaker literally requests about hearer’s money Ud : Kam akhi? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires how much money wants to borrow.

  Fa : Khomsuna faqod, maafi fulusi kaman akhi. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer amount of money.

  Ud : Limadza yas tati’ kadzalik? Direct : Enquires Literal : The speaker literally enquires hearer what happen with him.

  Fa : Amsih Do,a fulusii fil baiti liaanna dzalik mafi kaman fulusi. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer cause of money.

  Ud : Idfa’ sarbina hadza shohib, khuz maaka khomsuna Direct : Order Literal : The speaker literally orders hearer to pay their drinking and take money.

  Fa : Syukron katsiron naam shohib. Direct : Thanking Literal : The speaker literally thanks hearer cause of that.

  Ud : Syukron aidon, walakin laisa misla dzalik, anta shohibi. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer take it easy.

  Fa : Maafi nazortu insan mislaka shohib, anta khoir mai, syukron shohib. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer behavior.

  Ud : Hayya ilal fasli insa’ dzalik. Direct : Invite Literal : The speaker literally invite hearer to go to class.

4.1.1.1.19 Data X (Arabic Department 2014)

  Fi : Kaifa haluk siti? Si : Khoir, qodim laa ta’kuliina anti huna. Fi : Naam ana adbakh fi baitii, anti kaifa? Si : Ana aidon, hayya nasrob, madza maaki? Fi : Ana martabe, Anti madza? Si : Ana juz jeruk. Aina allan baituki? Fi : Fi pajak sore Padang bulan, Aroti? Si : Laarif aina baituki al an, man shohibuki hunaka? Fi : Maujud min qoryati, ba’da taalum najhab ila hunaka turidiina? Si : Hayya, maujud film baru laki? Fi : Maujud, hayya nusahid jamaatan. Si : Hayya, walakin Mur awwalan lana, kaifa ba’din laa nasrob, khoiru laziz. Fi : Naam, wait for a while,. Si : Anti tastati billugoh arabiah naam. Fi : Laa, Dzalik faqod aroftu, al uhkro maafi illa yes or no.

  Si : Owhhh,, Kadazalik. Kaifa khobar habibuki? Fi : Halahh, nahnu qod nantaqil, khoiru laziz maahu, Si : Limadza? Fi : Liaana hua playboy, kasir jiddan habibatuhu.

  Si : Anti kaifa? Fi : Ana maafi, lianna ana qobih layuurid waladun alayya. Si : Layumkin, anti laaturidiina dzalik. Fi : Hahha,, Kholas, hayya nasrob,. Si : Tastahyiina anti, Hayya, laurid ana anjuruki hazinun. Fi : Syuqron, hayya nasrob, la tata kallamiina kaman. Si : Naam shohib.

4.1.1.1.20 Analysis of Data X

  Fi : Kaifa haluk siti? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires hearer condition Si : Khoir, qodim laa ta’kuliina anti huna.

  Direct : Information and Inviting Literal : The speaker literally enquires and invites hearer to company him in the cantin Fi : Naam ana adbakh fi baitii, anti kaifa? Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs about hearer question before.

  Si : Ana aidon, hayya nasrob, madza maaki? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires hearer what will she drink.

  Fi : Ana martabe, Anti madza? Direct : Information and enquiring Literal : The speaker literally informs his order to hearer and enquires to hearer’s drinking.

  Si : Ana juz jeruk. Aina allan baituki? Direct : Information and Enquires Literal : The speaker literally informs his order.

  Fi : Fi pajak sore Padang bulan, Arofti? Direct : Informing and Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer about her place.

  Si : Laarif aina baituki al an, man shohibuki hunaka? Direct : Information and enquiring Literal : The speaker literally informs and enquires her friends in at that rent home.

  Fi : Maujud min qoryati, ba’da taalum najhab ila hunaka turidiina? Direct : Information and Enquiring

  Literal : The speaker literally informs and enquires hearer did she want to follow to that rent home.

  Si : Hayya, maujud film baru laki? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires about new film want to watching at that rent home.

  Fi : Maujud, hayya nusahid jamaatan. Direct : Inviting Literal : The speaker literally invites hearer to watch together.

  Si : Hayya, walakin Mur awwalan lana, kaifa ba’din laa nasrob, khoiru laziz. Direct : Informing Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer about their orders.

  Fi : Naam, wait for a while,. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer wait for while.

  Si : Anti tastati billugoh injiliziah naam. Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires about her ability in English.

  Fi : Laa, Dzalik faqod aroftu, al uhkro maafi illa yes or no.

  Direct : Information Literal : The speaker informs hearer she cannot about English Si : Owhhh,, Kadazalik. Kaifa khobar habibuki? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires about hearer partner condition.

  Fi : Halahh, nahnu qod nantaqil, khoiru laziz maahu. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer about that is was the end.

  Si : Limadza? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires hearer what is the problem.

  Fi : Liaana hua playboy, kasir jiddan habibatuhu. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer about the problem.

  Si : Anti kaifa? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires hearer condition inrelationship.

  Fi : Ana maafi, lianna ana qobih layuurid waladun alayya. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer she don’t have a boyfriends Si : Layumkin, anti laaturidiina dzalik.

  Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer that is not true about her boyfriend.

  Fi : Hahha,, Kholas, hayya nasrob. Direct : Invite Literal : The speaker literally invites hearer to drink.

  Si : Tastahyiina anti, Hayya, laurid ana anjuruki hazinun. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer is shy.

  Fi : Syuqron, hayya nasrob, la tata kallamiina kaman. Direct : Thanking and inviting Literal : The speaker literally thanks and invites hearer to drink Si : Naam shohib.

  Direct : Information

  Literal : The speaker literally informs and let them drink.

  4.1.1.1.21 Data XI (Japanese Department 2010) Japanese Department 2010

  Go : Haji matte dai ga kune atta toki, o mae ga kou touda. Omoea dasita? Fa : Ha,,. Sore o omoee dasune, omaega taberu? No mu? Fa : A maku te tsu metae o chao o nonde go hangto sakana o ta beru.

  Go : Wata shimo sou, omaega chu mong site Fa : Okee, cotto matene. Go : To ko ro de itsu sot su gyo suru tsu mori da Fa : Ma tad a wa ka ta nai ke do, ko toshi no nachi gat su mi sot su gyo su ru tsumori gyo pa o mae wa. Go : Bo ku ga, ma da ta ku sung ji gyo a tori kae tsana kya na re nai. Fa : To ku bet sui no sikong u kate, mino ten suu wa hya ku go nuu rupiah. Go : Ja, mata kang gae ru. Omae eno seise kiwa na ni.\ Fa : 3,20 Go : So re ga ii yo. Fa : Sonna ko to luna, issho ni sot su gyo su ru yo. Go : Ja, ta be to kou mo harage he ta Fa : Sou shi you.

  4.1.1.1.22 Analysis of Data XI (Japanese Department 2010)

  Go : Haji matte dai ga kune atta toki, o mae ga kou touda. Omoea dasita? Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally inform about hearer’s condition some years before.

  Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires hearer cause of that information, the speaker really didn’t like to remind its again.

  Go : Ha,,. Sore o omoee dasune, omaega taberu? No mu? Direct : Order Literal : The speaker literally orders hearer to get that order as pas as possible.

  Fa : A maku te tsu metae o chao o nonde go hangto sakana o ta beru. Direct : Information and order Literal : The speaker literally Informs and orders hearer to order that order to saler.

  Go : Wata shimo sou, omaega chu mong site Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer to wait a moment Fa : Okee, cotto matene.

  Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs he wait that Go : To ko ro de itsu sot su gyo suru tsu mori da? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires hearer and speaker really want to know when the hearer to get graduation.

  Fa : Ma tad a wa ka ta nai ke do, ko toshi no nachi gat su mi sot su gyo su ru tsumori gyo pa o mae wa. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer many subject he didn’t get score Go : Bo ku ga, ma da ta ku sung ji gyo a tori kae tsana kya na re nai.

  Direct : Order Literal : The speaker literally orders hearer to get a past examination Fa : To ku bet sui no sikong u kate, mino ten suu wa hya ku go nuu rupiah.

  Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires hearer abou the fee Go : Ja, mata kang gae ru. Omae eno seise kiwa na ni? Direct : Reject and enquires Literal : The speaker literally reject that information and replays to another quiestion.

  Fa : 3,20 Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs about his score.

  Go : So re ga ii yo. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally happy hear that information.

  Fa : Sonna ko to luna, issho ni sot su gyo su ru yo. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs hearer they will be luck together.

  Go : Ja, ta be to kou mo harage he ta Direct : Order Literal : The speaker literally orders hearer cause the speaker was hungry.

  Fa : Sou shi you. Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs and let the hearer to eat.

4.1.1.1.23 Data XII (Japanese Department 2011)

  She : Mou ta be ta no? Pu : Mou ta be ta nande? She : O mae o ae shi tai Pu : Bou ku ga no mi mo no wa chu mong suru.

  She : Sou ka, bo ku a ma ku te su me tai ocha. Pu : Bo ku no chu mong wa, cappuccino. She : Ja, chu mong shi yo nande ta be nai Pu : Sakki, mou ta be ta.

  She : Do ko de ta be ta. Pu : Ko ko data yo, o mae ga a be ru no go os kai yo. She : He,he, Fut sun a wa bo ku ga, konna ji kang nit a be tu. Pu : O mae no chu mong ga kita She : O,, soka ja ta beo o Pu : Okee, aishi te ku re te arigatone She : Iee,iee.

4.1.1.1.24 Analysis of Data XII

  She : Mou ta be ta no? Direct : Enquiring Literal : The speaker literally enquires hearer.

  Pu : Mou ta be ta nande? Direct : Information and enquire Literal : The speaker literally informs and he enquires why to the hearer.

  She : O mae o ae shi tai Direct : Information Literal : The speaker literally informs he want to pay hearer.

  Pu : Bou ku ga no mi mo no wa chu mong suru. Direct : Information and asking Literal : The speaker literally informs and asking his friend to order the drinking.