indonesia pada Asian Development Bank
Asian Development Bank
Overview
Established in 1966 and headquartered in Manila, Philippines, the
Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a multi-lateral development
finance institution for Asia and the Pacific. Its foremost objective
is to address poverty in the region and assist countries in their
efforts to improve the quality of life for their citizens. ADB
envisions a poverty-free Asia and Pacific region and works toward
this end by providing a range of financial tools to its Developing
Member Countries (DMCs) such as policy dialogue, loans,
technical assistance (TA), grants, guarantees, and equity
investments. From 31 members at its establishment, ADB now
has 67 members, of which 48 are from within Asia and the Pacific
and 19 outside. The ADB was modeled closely on the World Bank,
and has a similar weighted voting system where votes are
distributed in proportion with members' capital subscriptions. ADB
releases an annual report that summarizes its operations, budget
and other materials for review by the public. At the end of
2014, Japan holds the largest proportion of shares at 15.7%.
The United States holds 15.6%, China holds 6.5%, India holds
6.4%, and Australia holds 5.8%.
Organization
ADB has 67 shareholding members including 48 from the Asia and
Pacific region. View a complete list of our members. ADB's highest
policy-making body is the Board of Governors, which comprises
one representative from each member nation – 48 from the AsiaPacific and 19 from outside the region. T he Governors elect 12
members to form the Board of Directors, which performs its duties
full time at the ADB headquarters. The Directors supervise ADB's
financial statements, approve its administrative budget, and
review and approve all policy documents and all loan, equity, and
technical assistance operations. The ADB President chairs the
Board of Directors and heads a management team comprising six
Vice-Presidents and the Managing Director General, who
supervise the work of ADB's operational, administrative, and
knowledge departments.
Objectives
The ADB defines itself as a social development organization that
is dedicated to reducing poverty in Asia and the Pacific through
inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth,
and regional integration. This is carried out through investments –
in the form of loans, grants and information sharing – in
infrastructure, health care services, financial and public
administration systems, helping nations prepare for the impact
of climate change or better manage their natural resources, as
well as other areas. As a multilateral development finance
institution, ADB provides loans, technical assistance and grants.
ADB maximizes the development impact of its assistance by:
facilitating policy dialogues,
providing advisory services, and
mobilizing financial resources through cofinancing operations
that tap official, commercial, and export credit sources
Focus areas
Eighty percent of ADB’s lending is concentrated public sector
lending in five operational areas.
Education
Environment, Climate Change, and Disaster Risk
Management - Finance Sector Development
Infrastructure, including transport and
communications, energy, water supply and
sanitation, and urban development.
Regional Cooperation and Integration
Private Sector
Funding
ADB raises funds through bond issues on the world's capital
markets. We also rely on our members' contributions, retained
earnings from our lending operations, and the repayment of
loans. We also provide loans and grants from a number of special
funds. n 2014, ADB’s operations totaled $22.93 billion, of which
$13.69 billion was financed by ADB (Ordinary Capital Resources
and Special Funds) and $9.24 billion by cofinancing partners.
Sovereign operations, including official and technical assistance
cofinancing, totaled $15.99 billion. Nonsovereign operations,
including cofinancing, totaled $6.94 billion. More than 50
financing partnership facilities, trust funds, and other funds –
totalling several billion each year – are administered by ADB and
put toward projects that promote social and economic
development in Asia and the Pacific.
ADB and Bangladesh
Economic growth in Bangladesh has been largely inclusive and
broad-based. The country has halved the national poverty rate to
31.5% in 2010 from 59% in 1991, and the urban poverty rate to
22% from 45% in the same period.Bangladesh is on track to
achieve most of the Millennium Development Goals, including
improved child health, gender equality in primary and secondary
education, and wider access to finance.
In the past 4 decades, ADB support to Bangladesh focused on
sectors critical to attaining and sustaining socioeconomic
development. Assistance covered many sectors but focused on
agriculture and natural resources, education, energy, transport,
finance, and urban development. From the start of assistance in
June 1973 until the end of 2012, ADB provided 234 loans totaling
$14.1 billion and 389 technical assistance projects to support
project design and capacity enhancement totaling $221.7 million.
Projects supported the development of physical and social
infrastructure, such as:
the Urban Governance and Infrastructure Improvement
Sector Project, which benefited about 1.85 million people
across 30 towns, representing 6% of the total urban
population;
the Urban Primary Health Care Project, a public-private
partnership which benefited more than 6 million people
through 180 urban health care centers;
the Bangabandhu Multipurpose Bridge and railway link,
which helped lift more than one million people out of poverty
by improving access to economic opportunities and social
services;
the Second Primary Education Development Program, PEDP
II, which recruited or trained more than 140,000 teachers,
built 40,000 classrooms, and helped increase student
attendance from 75% to 90%; the multi-donor-supported
Power System Expansion and Efficiency Improvement
Investment Program, approved in 2012, which will connect
450,000 households to the power grid and reduce carbon
emissions by almost 2.5 million tons per year; and
the Emergency Flood Damage Rehabilitation Project, which
helped restore infrastructure and the livelihoods of people,
particularly the vulnerable poor.
ADB began its private sector operations in Bangladesh in 1989. At
the end of 2012, cumulative approvals in 12 projects amounted to
$297.2 million. ADB’s largest private sector initiative for
infrastructure was the 450-megawatt gas-fired combined cycle
Meghnaghat Power Project approved in 2000. ADB provided a
direct loan of $50 million, a B-loan (complementary financing
scheme) of $20 million, and a partial credit guarantee of $70
million.
Under its 2011-2015 country partnership strategy, the
overarching objective of ADB support is to contribute to the
government’s Sixth Five-Year Plan priorities of enhancing growth
and cutting poverty. ADB will provide assistance within its
Strategy 2020’s development agenda of inclusive economic
growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional
integration. ADB will help the government address constraints to
growth while promoting environmental sustainability, minimizing
disaster risks, and responding to climate change and disaster
challenges.
Overview
Established in 1966 and headquartered in Manila, Philippines, the
Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a multi-lateral development
finance institution for Asia and the Pacific. Its foremost objective
is to address poverty in the region and assist countries in their
efforts to improve the quality of life for their citizens. ADB
envisions a poverty-free Asia and Pacific region and works toward
this end by providing a range of financial tools to its Developing
Member Countries (DMCs) such as policy dialogue, loans,
technical assistance (TA), grants, guarantees, and equity
investments. From 31 members at its establishment, ADB now
has 67 members, of which 48 are from within Asia and the Pacific
and 19 outside. The ADB was modeled closely on the World Bank,
and has a similar weighted voting system where votes are
distributed in proportion with members' capital subscriptions. ADB
releases an annual report that summarizes its operations, budget
and other materials for review by the public. At the end of
2014, Japan holds the largest proportion of shares at 15.7%.
The United States holds 15.6%, China holds 6.5%, India holds
6.4%, and Australia holds 5.8%.
Organization
ADB has 67 shareholding members including 48 from the Asia and
Pacific region. View a complete list of our members. ADB's highest
policy-making body is the Board of Governors, which comprises
one representative from each member nation – 48 from the AsiaPacific and 19 from outside the region. T he Governors elect 12
members to form the Board of Directors, which performs its duties
full time at the ADB headquarters. The Directors supervise ADB's
financial statements, approve its administrative budget, and
review and approve all policy documents and all loan, equity, and
technical assistance operations. The ADB President chairs the
Board of Directors and heads a management team comprising six
Vice-Presidents and the Managing Director General, who
supervise the work of ADB's operational, administrative, and
knowledge departments.
Objectives
The ADB defines itself as a social development organization that
is dedicated to reducing poverty in Asia and the Pacific through
inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth,
and regional integration. This is carried out through investments –
in the form of loans, grants and information sharing – in
infrastructure, health care services, financial and public
administration systems, helping nations prepare for the impact
of climate change or better manage their natural resources, as
well as other areas. As a multilateral development finance
institution, ADB provides loans, technical assistance and grants.
ADB maximizes the development impact of its assistance by:
facilitating policy dialogues,
providing advisory services, and
mobilizing financial resources through cofinancing operations
that tap official, commercial, and export credit sources
Focus areas
Eighty percent of ADB’s lending is concentrated public sector
lending in five operational areas.
Education
Environment, Climate Change, and Disaster Risk
Management - Finance Sector Development
Infrastructure, including transport and
communications, energy, water supply and
sanitation, and urban development.
Regional Cooperation and Integration
Private Sector
Funding
ADB raises funds through bond issues on the world's capital
markets. We also rely on our members' contributions, retained
earnings from our lending operations, and the repayment of
loans. We also provide loans and grants from a number of special
funds. n 2014, ADB’s operations totaled $22.93 billion, of which
$13.69 billion was financed by ADB (Ordinary Capital Resources
and Special Funds) and $9.24 billion by cofinancing partners.
Sovereign operations, including official and technical assistance
cofinancing, totaled $15.99 billion. Nonsovereign operations,
including cofinancing, totaled $6.94 billion. More than 50
financing partnership facilities, trust funds, and other funds –
totalling several billion each year – are administered by ADB and
put toward projects that promote social and economic
development in Asia and the Pacific.
ADB and Bangladesh
Economic growth in Bangladesh has been largely inclusive and
broad-based. The country has halved the national poverty rate to
31.5% in 2010 from 59% in 1991, and the urban poverty rate to
22% from 45% in the same period.Bangladesh is on track to
achieve most of the Millennium Development Goals, including
improved child health, gender equality in primary and secondary
education, and wider access to finance.
In the past 4 decades, ADB support to Bangladesh focused on
sectors critical to attaining and sustaining socioeconomic
development. Assistance covered many sectors but focused on
agriculture and natural resources, education, energy, transport,
finance, and urban development. From the start of assistance in
June 1973 until the end of 2012, ADB provided 234 loans totaling
$14.1 billion and 389 technical assistance projects to support
project design and capacity enhancement totaling $221.7 million.
Projects supported the development of physical and social
infrastructure, such as:
the Urban Governance and Infrastructure Improvement
Sector Project, which benefited about 1.85 million people
across 30 towns, representing 6% of the total urban
population;
the Urban Primary Health Care Project, a public-private
partnership which benefited more than 6 million people
through 180 urban health care centers;
the Bangabandhu Multipurpose Bridge and railway link,
which helped lift more than one million people out of poverty
by improving access to economic opportunities and social
services;
the Second Primary Education Development Program, PEDP
II, which recruited or trained more than 140,000 teachers,
built 40,000 classrooms, and helped increase student
attendance from 75% to 90%; the multi-donor-supported
Power System Expansion and Efficiency Improvement
Investment Program, approved in 2012, which will connect
450,000 households to the power grid and reduce carbon
emissions by almost 2.5 million tons per year; and
the Emergency Flood Damage Rehabilitation Project, which
helped restore infrastructure and the livelihoods of people,
particularly the vulnerable poor.
ADB began its private sector operations in Bangladesh in 1989. At
the end of 2012, cumulative approvals in 12 projects amounted to
$297.2 million. ADB’s largest private sector initiative for
infrastructure was the 450-megawatt gas-fired combined cycle
Meghnaghat Power Project approved in 2000. ADB provided a
direct loan of $50 million, a B-loan (complementary financing
scheme) of $20 million, and a partial credit guarantee of $70
million.
Under its 2011-2015 country partnership strategy, the
overarching objective of ADB support is to contribute to the
government’s Sixth Five-Year Plan priorities of enhancing growth
and cutting poverty. ADB will provide assistance within its
Strategy 2020’s development agenda of inclusive economic
growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional
integration. ADB will help the government address constraints to
growth while promoting environmental sustainability, minimizing
disaster risks, and responding to climate change and disaster
challenges.