t ing 0807996 table of content
LIST OF CONTENT
APPROVAL PAGE
i
DECLARATION OF OWNERSHIP
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
iii
ABSTRACT
iv
LIST OF CONTENT
v
LIST OF TABLES
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
ix
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1
1.2 The Purpose of the Study
5
1.3 The Research Question
5
1.4 Scope of the Study
6
1.5 Significance of the Study
6
1.6 Thesis Organization
7
1.7 Clarification of Key Terms
7
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
2.1. The Self-Access Center (SAC)
9
2.1.1 Criteria of Good Self-Access Center
10
2.1.2 Self-Access Language Learning (SALL) in SAC
11
2.1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of SALL
13
2.1.4 Typology of Self-Access Center
15
2.1.5 Elements of Self-Access Center
23
a. Learner Profiles
23
b. Materials for SALL
27
c. Self-Access Activities
28
d. SAC Physical Settings and Resourcing
30
e. Counseling and Alternative Counseling
31
2.2. Student Perception
35
2.3. Using SAC to Promote Student Autonomy
37
2.4. Conclusion
30
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Questions
41
3.2 Research Design
42
3.3 Setting of the Study
43
3.4 Participants of the Study
44
3.5 Data Collection Method
45
3.5.1 Observation
46
3.5.2 Questionnaire
46
3.5.3 Interview
46
3.6 Data Analysis Method
47
3.7 Conclusion
49
CHAPTER IV DATA PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION
4.1 The Typology of SAC
50
4.2 Students’ Perceptions on SAC
60
4.3 Using SAC to Promote Student Autonomy
72
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Major Findings
78
5.2 Recommendation for Further Study
87
REFERENCES
88
APPENDIX 1: Observation Checklist
92
APPENDIX 2: SAC Counselors
96
APPENDIX 3: Student Questionnaire
97
APPENDIX 4: Interview Guide
102
APPENDIX 5: Interview Transcription
106
APPENDIX 6: SAC Schedule
116
APPENDIX 7: SAC Rules
117
APPENDIX 8: Visitor Book (Restaurant Program)
118
APPENDIX 9: Visitor Book (Hair and Skin Beauty Program)
119
APPENDIX 10: Visitor Book (Hotel Accommodation Program)
120
APPENDIX 11: Visitor Book (Fashion Design Program)
121
APPENDIX12: Visitor Book (Pastry Program)
122
APPENDIX13: Published Language Learning Materials
123
APPENDIX 14: Authentic Materials (Magazines)
124
APPENDIX 15: Authentic Materials (Newspaper)
125
APPENDIX 16: Computer Room
126
APPENDIX 17: Writing and Reading Area
127
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 (The SAC system for university students)
15
Table 2.2 (The SAC system for school students)
17
Table 2.3 (The SAC system for young learners)
18
Table 2.4 (The SAC system for adult learners)
18
Table 2.5 (The SAC system for all learners)
19
Table 2.6 (Essential equipment and furniture)
31
Table 2.7 (Macro-skills for SAC counselors)
32
Table 2.8 (Micro-skills for SAC counselors)
32
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: Sketch of the SAC at a primary school in Malaysia
20
Figure 2.2: Floor plan of the SAC at a primary school in Malaysia
21
Figure 2.3: Sketch of the SAC at a private language school in UK
21
Figure 2.4: Floor plan of the SAC at a private language school in UK 22
Figure 2.5: The example of Learner Profiles in SAC
24
Figure 2.6: The example of Learner’s Current Ability in SAC
25
Figure 2.7: The example of Contract for SALL in SAC
26
APPROVAL PAGE
i
DECLARATION OF OWNERSHIP
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
iii
ABSTRACT
iv
LIST OF CONTENT
v
LIST OF TABLES
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
ix
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1
1.2 The Purpose of the Study
5
1.3 The Research Question
5
1.4 Scope of the Study
6
1.5 Significance of the Study
6
1.6 Thesis Organization
7
1.7 Clarification of Key Terms
7
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
2.1. The Self-Access Center (SAC)
9
2.1.1 Criteria of Good Self-Access Center
10
2.1.2 Self-Access Language Learning (SALL) in SAC
11
2.1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of SALL
13
2.1.4 Typology of Self-Access Center
15
2.1.5 Elements of Self-Access Center
23
a. Learner Profiles
23
b. Materials for SALL
27
c. Self-Access Activities
28
d. SAC Physical Settings and Resourcing
30
e. Counseling and Alternative Counseling
31
2.2. Student Perception
35
2.3. Using SAC to Promote Student Autonomy
37
2.4. Conclusion
30
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Questions
41
3.2 Research Design
42
3.3 Setting of the Study
43
3.4 Participants of the Study
44
3.5 Data Collection Method
45
3.5.1 Observation
46
3.5.2 Questionnaire
46
3.5.3 Interview
46
3.6 Data Analysis Method
47
3.7 Conclusion
49
CHAPTER IV DATA PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION
4.1 The Typology of SAC
50
4.2 Students’ Perceptions on SAC
60
4.3 Using SAC to Promote Student Autonomy
72
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Major Findings
78
5.2 Recommendation for Further Study
87
REFERENCES
88
APPENDIX 1: Observation Checklist
92
APPENDIX 2: SAC Counselors
96
APPENDIX 3: Student Questionnaire
97
APPENDIX 4: Interview Guide
102
APPENDIX 5: Interview Transcription
106
APPENDIX 6: SAC Schedule
116
APPENDIX 7: SAC Rules
117
APPENDIX 8: Visitor Book (Restaurant Program)
118
APPENDIX 9: Visitor Book (Hair and Skin Beauty Program)
119
APPENDIX 10: Visitor Book (Hotel Accommodation Program)
120
APPENDIX 11: Visitor Book (Fashion Design Program)
121
APPENDIX12: Visitor Book (Pastry Program)
122
APPENDIX13: Published Language Learning Materials
123
APPENDIX 14: Authentic Materials (Magazines)
124
APPENDIX 15: Authentic Materials (Newspaper)
125
APPENDIX 16: Computer Room
126
APPENDIX 17: Writing and Reading Area
127
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 (The SAC system for university students)
15
Table 2.2 (The SAC system for school students)
17
Table 2.3 (The SAC system for young learners)
18
Table 2.4 (The SAC system for adult learners)
18
Table 2.5 (The SAC system for all learners)
19
Table 2.6 (Essential equipment and furniture)
31
Table 2.7 (Macro-skills for SAC counselors)
32
Table 2.8 (Micro-skills for SAC counselors)
32
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: Sketch of the SAC at a primary school in Malaysia
20
Figure 2.2: Floor plan of the SAC at a primary school in Malaysia
21
Figure 2.3: Sketch of the SAC at a private language school in UK
21
Figure 2.4: Floor plan of the SAC at a private language school in UK 22
Figure 2.5: The example of Learner Profiles in SAC
24
Figure 2.6: The example of Learner’s Current Ability in SAC
25
Figure 2.7: The example of Contract for SALL in SAC
26