– HIMPAUDI JATENG PROF HARDINSYAH
WATER INTAKE AND HYDRATION
PHYSIOLOGY DURING CHILHOOD
International Symposium on Early Life Education
October 5, 2017 Grand Cempaka Hotel Jakarta
Prof. Dr. Hardinsyah, MS
Professor in Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology,
Bogor Agricultural University
President, Food and Nutrition Society of Indonesia
(PERGIZI PANGAN Indonesia)
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
1
OUTLINE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
10/3/2017
Water : An essential Nutrient
Water Physiology
Water Requirement for Children
Quality Drinking Water for Children
Conclusion
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
2
1.
WATER: AN ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT
To be a healthy & intelligent
children required:
1. Nutrients (food & drink)
2. Stimulation & Education
Why we drink?
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
3
Water (H2O) is one of essential
macronutrients, seems to be
forgotten.
One of the 10 messages of
Indonesian nutrition guidelines
(the 7th message) is “Drink safe
water in adequate amount
amount”
Water is the most abundant
molecule in the human body (70%
of child body weight)
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
4
Water in the Human Body
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
5
Water has numerous functions. For
children growth, development & health
Water is the most frequently recycled
element in the human body.
Water rapidly enter stomach, absorbed
in large intestine (10%) and small
intestine (90%)
Water goes to blood within 5 minutes
after drinking
Water turns over in children 7x of adults
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
6
Functions of Water for Body:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Components of liquids & cells
Solvent
Heat regulator
Media for transportation
Media for toxin elimination
Lubricants and bearings/pads
Inadequate
body water
(Dehydration)
10/3/2017
Adequate
body water
(Normal Hydration)
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
7
3.
WATER REQUIREMENT FOR CHILDREN
Six (6) glasses of water were suggested to
be drink for children 4-6 yrs everyday
Umur
(Thn)
No
Berat (kg)
Tinggi
(cm)
AKG (Kebutuhan
Air), Liter/hari
1
1.5 % body
weight)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Headache
Dry skin
Increase body temperature
Constipation
Weakness (less motoric activity)
Less focus/concentration
Increase risk of kidney stone
Increase risk of urinary tract infection
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
10
Many school children residing in hot climate zones
are prone to be in a state of chronic voluntary
Dehydration chronic dehydration has adverse
effects on cognitive and physical performance, as
well as on general health
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
11
Take Care if Children
Suffering from Fever
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
12
4.
QUALITY DRINKING WATE FOR CHILDRENR
MOH Decree No 492/2010 on Quality Drinking Water
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
13
MOH Decree No 492/2010
on Quality Drinking Water
1. Drinking water : Water with or without
processing that fulfills health requirements
and can be consumed directly
2. Water safe to be consumed if it is fulfill 4
parameters: physic, microbiology, chemistry
and radiation
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
14
Part of the Parameters of Quality Drinkig Water
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
15
Everyday 13 Essentials Minerals Required by Human
Body, including Children, as Recommended by MOH
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
16
Copper
Chrom
Iron
Iodium
Zn
Selenium
Fluor
Mo
Mo
Yrs
Yrs
Yrs
Boy
Yrs
Yrs
Yrs
Source: MOH Decree No 75/2013 on RDA for Indonesian (Permenkes Nomor 75/2013)
Tentang Angka Kecukupan Gizi yang Dianjurkan Bagi Bangsa Indonesia
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
17
% of Families Access to Low Quality of Drinking
Water
Kota+Desa
32.5
Kota
19.7
Desa
46.1
Kuintil 1
46.6
Kuintil 2
37.8
Kuintil 3
32.7
Kuintil 4
25.8
Kuintil 5
18.9
0
10
20
30
Not protected, far (>1 km), not available every time,
Bad quality (unclean, snoring,
flavor, colory, foamy)
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
40
50
Riskesdas, MOH (2010)
18
Acidity Level & Energy Content
of Commercial Beverages in Indonesia
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Type of Drinks
Number of
samples
Carbonated and caloric drink
Fruit & veg juices , from powder
Energy drink
Fruit & veg juices
Isotonic drink
Carbonated non-caloric drink
Tea drink, bottled or packed
Other tea drink
Milk, liquid milk
Coffee drink
Mineral water
Milk, from powder milk
28
8
7
50
11
3
29
11
52
18
13
18
Acidity – pH
(Mean ± Sd)
3.3 ± 0.5
3.3 ± 0.3
3.4 ± 0.3
3.7 ± 0.4
3.8 ± 0.3
4.2 ± 1.2
4.7 ± 1.2
5.8 ± 2.0
6.3 ± 1.1
6.4 ± 0.3
6.7 ± 1.1
6.7 ± 0.5
Source: Hardinsyah and Gaaniyati, F (2011)
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
19
Prefered Drink
90%
80.4%
75.8%
80%
70%
58.7%
51.5%
60%
50%
48.5%
41.3%
Remaja
Teen Laki-laki
boys
40%
Remaja
Teen Perempuan
girls
30%
Dewasa
AdultLaki-laki
males
24.2%
19.6%
20%
Dewasa
AdultPerempuan
females
10%
0%
Prefered
Prefered
Lebih menyukai
air putih Lebih menyukai
minuman
berkalori
Plain water
SSB
or CB
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
20
Energy Intake from
Caloric Beverages (CB) Indo Vs USA
Indonesian
Teens (kcal)
1638
±
764
FO
2065
±
1043
470
±
454
10/3/2017
CB
21.0%
About 20%
energy intake
from beverages
of American
Children (
PHYSIOLOGY DURING CHILHOOD
International Symposium on Early Life Education
October 5, 2017 Grand Cempaka Hotel Jakarta
Prof. Dr. Hardinsyah, MS
Professor in Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology,
Bogor Agricultural University
President, Food and Nutrition Society of Indonesia
(PERGIZI PANGAN Indonesia)
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
1
OUTLINE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
10/3/2017
Water : An essential Nutrient
Water Physiology
Water Requirement for Children
Quality Drinking Water for Children
Conclusion
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
2
1.
WATER: AN ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT
To be a healthy & intelligent
children required:
1. Nutrients (food & drink)
2. Stimulation & Education
Why we drink?
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
3
Water (H2O) is one of essential
macronutrients, seems to be
forgotten.
One of the 10 messages of
Indonesian nutrition guidelines
(the 7th message) is “Drink safe
water in adequate amount
amount”
Water is the most abundant
molecule in the human body (70%
of child body weight)
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
4
Water in the Human Body
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
5
Water has numerous functions. For
children growth, development & health
Water is the most frequently recycled
element in the human body.
Water rapidly enter stomach, absorbed
in large intestine (10%) and small
intestine (90%)
Water goes to blood within 5 minutes
after drinking
Water turns over in children 7x of adults
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
6
Functions of Water for Body:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Components of liquids & cells
Solvent
Heat regulator
Media for transportation
Media for toxin elimination
Lubricants and bearings/pads
Inadequate
body water
(Dehydration)
10/3/2017
Adequate
body water
(Normal Hydration)
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
7
3.
WATER REQUIREMENT FOR CHILDREN
Six (6) glasses of water were suggested to
be drink for children 4-6 yrs everyday
Umur
(Thn)
No
Berat (kg)
Tinggi
(cm)
AKG (Kebutuhan
Air), Liter/hari
1
1.5 % body
weight)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Headache
Dry skin
Increase body temperature
Constipation
Weakness (less motoric activity)
Less focus/concentration
Increase risk of kidney stone
Increase risk of urinary tract infection
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
10
Many school children residing in hot climate zones
are prone to be in a state of chronic voluntary
Dehydration chronic dehydration has adverse
effects on cognitive and physical performance, as
well as on general health
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
11
Take Care if Children
Suffering from Fever
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
12
4.
QUALITY DRINKING WATE FOR CHILDRENR
MOH Decree No 492/2010 on Quality Drinking Water
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
13
MOH Decree No 492/2010
on Quality Drinking Water
1. Drinking water : Water with or without
processing that fulfills health requirements
and can be consumed directly
2. Water safe to be consumed if it is fulfill 4
parameters: physic, microbiology, chemistry
and radiation
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
14
Part of the Parameters of Quality Drinkig Water
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
15
Everyday 13 Essentials Minerals Required by Human
Body, including Children, as Recommended by MOH
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
16
Copper
Chrom
Iron
Iodium
Zn
Selenium
Fluor
Mo
Mo
Yrs
Yrs
Yrs
Boy
Yrs
Yrs
Yrs
Source: MOH Decree No 75/2013 on RDA for Indonesian (Permenkes Nomor 75/2013)
Tentang Angka Kecukupan Gizi yang Dianjurkan Bagi Bangsa Indonesia
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
17
% of Families Access to Low Quality of Drinking
Water
Kota+Desa
32.5
Kota
19.7
Desa
46.1
Kuintil 1
46.6
Kuintil 2
37.8
Kuintil 3
32.7
Kuintil 4
25.8
Kuintil 5
18.9
0
10
20
30
Not protected, far (>1 km), not available every time,
Bad quality (unclean, snoring,
flavor, colory, foamy)
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
40
50
Riskesdas, MOH (2010)
18
Acidity Level & Energy Content
of Commercial Beverages in Indonesia
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Type of Drinks
Number of
samples
Carbonated and caloric drink
Fruit & veg juices , from powder
Energy drink
Fruit & veg juices
Isotonic drink
Carbonated non-caloric drink
Tea drink, bottled or packed
Other tea drink
Milk, liquid milk
Coffee drink
Mineral water
Milk, from powder milk
28
8
7
50
11
3
29
11
52
18
13
18
Acidity – pH
(Mean ± Sd)
3.3 ± 0.5
3.3 ± 0.3
3.4 ± 0.3
3.7 ± 0.4
3.8 ± 0.3
4.2 ± 1.2
4.7 ± 1.2
5.8 ± 2.0
6.3 ± 1.1
6.4 ± 0.3
6.7 ± 1.1
6.7 ± 0.5
Source: Hardinsyah and Gaaniyati, F (2011)
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
19
Prefered Drink
90%
80.4%
75.8%
80%
70%
58.7%
51.5%
60%
50%
48.5%
41.3%
Remaja
Teen Laki-laki
boys
40%
Remaja
Teen Perempuan
girls
30%
Dewasa
AdultLaki-laki
males
24.2%
19.6%
20%
Dewasa
AdultPerempuan
females
10%
0%
Prefered
Prefered
Lebih menyukai
air putih Lebih menyukai
minuman
berkalori
Plain water
SSB
or CB
10/3/2017
Hardin-Child Hydration-Indo
20
Energy Intake from
Caloric Beverages (CB) Indo Vs USA
Indonesian
Teens (kcal)
1638
±
764
FO
2065
±
1043
470
±
454
10/3/2017
CB
21.0%
About 20%
energy intake
from beverages
of American
Children (