DEMERSAL FISH RESOURCES RESULT OF MV. SEAFDEC 2 SURVEY IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA OF INDONESIA
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ISSN 0853 - 8980
INDONESIAN FISHERIES RESEARCH JOURNAL
Volume 14 Number 2 December 2008
Acreditation Number: 101/Akred-LIPI/P2MBI/10/2007
(Period: November 2007-November 2010)
Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal is the English edition of
fisheries research journal. The first published in 1994 with publishing frequently is
once a year. Since 2005, this journal published twice on JUNE and DECEMBER.
Head of Editor Board:
Prof. Dr. Ir. Endi Setiadi Kartamihardja, M.Sc.
Members of Editor Board:
Prof. Dr. John Haluan
Dr. Ir. Subhat Nurhakim, M.S.
Dr. Ir. Wudianto, M.Sc.
Dr. Ir. Indra Jaya
Refrees for this Number:
Prof. Dr. Ir. Ari Purbayanto, M.Sc. (Bogor Agriculture Institute)
Dr. Ir. Setyo Budi Susilo, M.Sc. (Bogor Agriculture Institute)
Dr. Ir. Augy Syahailatua (Research Center for Oceanography-Indonesian Institute for of Science)
Managing Editors:
Dra. Endang Sriyati
Arvy Herdianto Firmansyah
Published by:
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PREFACE
Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal Volume 14 No.2 December 2008 is the second publising English Journal
of Research Center for Capture Fisheries in 2008. This journal is one of media for communication of fisheries
scientiest. This publication is supported by the financial budget of Research Center for Capture Fisheries, fy 2008.
This number contains six scientific papers concerning one article of inland waters, three papers of marine resources,
and two papers of post harvest technology fisheries.
We deeply thank to the editorial boards for their highly contribution in evaluating the papers before published.
Their effort had increased the quality of the journal. Finally, we hope this journal would contribute to fisheries science
as well as development of fisheries in Indonesia.
Editor
i
ISSN 0853 - 8980
INDONESIAN FISHERIES RESEARCH JOURNAL
Vol.14 No.2 - December 2008
CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE ………………………………………………………………………………………........................
i
CONTENTS ………………………………………………………………………………………..….....………..
iii
Fish Community Structure in Relation to Water Quality of the Down Stream of Musi River, South Sumatera,
Indonesia
By: Husnah, Eko Prianto, Makri, and Hilda Z. Dahlan …………………………………….....…………..……
51-65
Demersal Fish Resources Result of MV. SEAFDEC 2 Survey in the South China Sea of Indonesia
By: Wudianto and Bambang Sumiono …………………………………………………………......…………..
67-74
Biological Aspects, Density, and Distribution of the Alfonsino (Beryx splendens) in the Indian Ocean
Ekslusive Economic Zone of Indonesia
By: Fayakun Satria, John Haluan, Eko Sri Wiyono, and Wudianto …………….....………………….…….
75-82
Additional Valid Record of Marbled Hawkfish, Cirrhites pinnulatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Perciformes:
Cirrhitidae) from North Sulawesi
By: Teguh Peristiwady …………………………………………………………........…………………………….
83-89
Antibacterial Potency of Chitosan Oligomer Produced by Bacillus Licheniformis MB-2 Chitosanase
By: Ekowati Chasanah, Meidina, and Maggy T. Suhartono ……………………........………………………..
91-95
Use of Aspergillus repens in the Moulding Process of Dried Fish Stick Made from Little Tuna
(Euthynnus affinis)
By: Hari Eko Irianto, Fran Santoso, Jamal Basmal, and Ninoek Indriati …….......…………………….……
97-101
iii
www.p4ksi.litbang.kkp.go.id
Demersal Fish Resources Result ….. South China Sea of Indonesia (Wudianto & Sumiono, B.)
DEMERSAL FISH RESOURCES RESULT OF MV. SEAFDEC 2 SURVEY
IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA OF INDONESIA
Wudianto1) and Bambang Sumiono2)
1)
Research Center for Capture Fisheries, Ancol-Jakarta
Research Institute for Marine Fisheries, Muara Baru-Jakarta
Received November 4-2008; Received in revised form November 14-2008; Accepted November 26-2008
2)
ABSTRACT
The South China Sea is belonging to western part of Sunda shelf which consisted of shallow
water in the southern part and deep water in the northern part area. The area of Indonesian water in
the South China Sea is estimated 595,000 km2 including exclusive economic zone waters. Some
fisheries activities are concentrated in coastal area especially to exploit small pelagic and demersal
fish. During 2005 to 2006, a survey on estimation of demersal fish resources has been conducted in
the South China Sea by using MV. SEAFDEC 2. These surveys are a collaboration research between
Research Center for Capture Fisheries-Indonesia and SEAFDEC. Bottom trawl net was used as
sampling equipment and swept area method was applied for estimation demersal fish abundance.
During 2005, survey was carried out in the southern part area composting of 20 trawl stations which
one trawl station was fails. The catch rates were varied between 11.27 and 131.6 kg per hour. In 2006,
the location of survey shifted to the northern part area composting of 11 trawl stations. The catch rate
in this cruise was found higher than that of the 2005 cruise. The lowest catch rate recorded was 37.79
kg per hour and the highest one was 507.71 kg per hour. The catch composition caught during both
cruises was dominated by demersal fish species such as Lutjanidae, Ariidae, Nemipteridae,
Synodontidae, Priacanthidae, and Mullidae.
KEYWORDS:
demersal fish, abundance, South China Sea, MV. SEAFDEC 2
INTRODUCTION
The South China Sea is a continental shelf belongs
to the western part of the Sunda Shelf with the average
depth of 70 m, flat bottom, and with stratification of
water mass by seasons (Wyrtki, 1961). As part of
the Sunda Shelf, the South China Sea is shallows
water and has no plain base topography, so it is not
enable to divide the column waters according to the
depth. The area of South China Sea belong to
Indonesia is estimated 595,000 km2 (South China
Sea, 1979; Cholik et al., 1995).
were dominated by small pelagic fish resources which
were exploited by purse seine fishery. The contribution
of the pelagic catch is approximately at around 45%
of total landed (Anon., 2002). A previous acoustic
study carried out by Johanesson & Mitson (1985)
showed that the estimated densities as an indicator
of abundance fluctuated by the season.
Recently, the development of fisheries resources
exploitation leads to a competition, since the hi-tech
vessels allowed to operate in the Indonesian exclusive
economic zone of South China Sea, whereas the
fisheries activities are concentrated in the coastal area
and in surrounding waters of several small islands.
Consequently, both fishing pressure and competition
among fishers for the resource in the area will increase
and may accelerate conflicts among them.
Recent study based on landing sites around South
China Sea on all groups of demersal, small pelagic
and crustacean species and estimated trough surplus
production models showed that the resources has
already heavily exploited (Anon., 2006). To clarify and
updating these phenomenon as a part of national
program on fish stock assessment, the information
seems to be reevaluated through in situ on board
observation. The recent and modern research
equipment installed on M. V. SEAFDEC 2 was
available to be used as a platform on this program.
This paper presented the demersal fish resources as
results of M. V. SEAFDEC 2 survey which were
conducted in 2005 and 2006.
The global environmental condition in this area is
governed by monsoonal changes. Previous research
carried out in 1978, 1985, 1994, and 2002 showed
that the fish resources consisted of typical tropical
shallow oceanic waters species i.e. demersal, small
pelagic and shrimp resources. A few existing fishery
The objectives of this study were as follows 1) to
identify the distribution and abundance of demersal
fish resources; 2) to identify the catch composition of
demersal fish; and 3) to observe some biological
parameter of some demersal fish with emphasize on
size of fish.
Corresponding author:
Jl. Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur-Jakarta 14430, E-mail: rccf_office@indo.net.id
67
Ind.Fish Res.J. Vol.14 No.2 December-2008: 67-74
MATERIALS DAN METHODS
standard parallel transect for acoustic and bottom trawl
survey.
Survey Area and Cruise
Geographic location of the research area is shown
in Figure 1 for cruise in 2005 and Figure 2 for cruise
in 2006. The main survey area is characterized by
inshore and offshore waters. Several small islands
with there surrounding area were belonging to
untrawlable grounds. The cruises were designed as a
Figure 1 and 2 show that during 2005 survey the
site of study located in the southern part area, whereas
during 2006 survey the area of study shifted to the
northern part area. In 2005 and 2006, the duration of
survey was 20 days (from 12 June to 3 July 2005) and
13 days (from 10 June to 23 June 2006) including
bunkering and replenishment, respectively.
Figure 1.
Map of survey area by M. V. SEAFDEC 2 in South China Sea Indonesia, June 13 - July 2,
2005.
Figure 2.
Map of survey area by M. V. SEAFDEC 2 in South China Sea, Indonesia, 10 to 23 June 1013, 2006.
68
Demersal Fish Resources Result ….. South China Sea of Indonesia (Wudianto & Sumiono, B.)
Research Vessel and Equipments
The cruises were carried out using the research
vessel M. V. SEAFDEC 2, with specification is a 207
gross tonnage, 32.5 m in length, and 7.2 m in wide.
The gear and equipments used were fisheries acoustic
instruments, bottom trawl fishing, squid jigging, bongo
paired plankton net and oceanographic equipments.
Bottom trawl net of 17.30 m in head rope was used,
with mesh size for cod end of 60 mm as shown in
Appendix 1.
et al., 1998; Carpenter & Volker,1998; Grey &
Dall,1983; Holthuis, 1991). Catch data in the form of
weight and number were filled into a fishing log sheet.
The length and weight frequency measurements were
done to some relatively dominant species.
Swept area method was applied to estimate
demersal fish abundance which is indicated by catch
per unit effort (catch per hour trawling) (Shindo, 1973;
Saeger et al., 1976).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Methodology
Catch Rate
The position of sampling stations were set up
systematically along the latitude on the hydro acoustic
transect lines. Prior to each trawling station an
oceanographic survey was carried out. In 2005, a total
of 20 trawl fishing, 20 oceanographic sampling
stations, and 20 larval stations have been completed.
From total of 20 trawling stations, one trawl fishing
should be considered unsuccessful due to some
technical problems. The otter boards were upside down
during the towing of the nets, which resulted in the
improper opening at trawl mouth. During 2006 the
survey has been carried out on 11 trawling stations,
30 oceanographic stations, and 30 larvae sampling
stations.
Trawl net was towed in one hour duration at the
vessel speed of 3 knots. Fish catches were sorted
and weighted. Sorting of fish were carried out whenever
possible until species level, genus or family (Fisher
& Whitehead, 1974; Tarp & Kailola, 1984; Mansoor
Table 1.
Catch rate could provide as indicator for the index
of abundance of fish resources. During cruise 2005,
the lowest catch rate of about 11.27 kg per hour was
occurred at the station number 7, while the highest
catch rate was occurred at the station number 13.
The summary of the catch rates during 2005 cruise is
presented in Table 1, and the distribution of catch
rates are illustrated in Figure 3.
The relatively high variation in catch rate indicate
that the distribution of demersal fish resource in this
area during the survey periods was somewhat forming
cluster. This was likely due to the occurring differences
in bottom substrate. In the central area of the southern
part of South China Sea, the bottom substrate was
dominated by giant cup sponges (Poterion sp.) mix
with some life corals. This was indicated by the
occurrences of the butterfly fish, Coradion sp. of the
family Chaetodontidae.
Summary of the catch rates of demersal fish caught using bottom trawl in the South China
Sea-Indonesia, June 13 - July 2, 2005
Items
Total No. of trawl station
Quantity
20
Items
Quantity
Mean of catch rate (kg/hr)
57.9
Minimum catch rate (kg/hr)
11.27
Standard deviation
34.8
Maximum catch rate (kg/hr)
131.6
Coefficient of variation (%)
60.0
In 2006 cruise was carried out in 13 trawling
stations with catch rates fluctuated from 37.79 kg per
hour to 504.71 kg per hour with an average of 216.96
kg per hour as shown in Table 2. Spatial distribution
of catch rates are illustrated in Figure 4.
Figure 4 show that the high abundance of fish was
found in the southeast part of South China Sea where
this area is shallower than the northern part area.
Catch Composition
A total of approximately 149 species of bony fish
and elasmobranch, three species of cephalopod, five
species of crustacean including shrimp, and lobsters
has been recorded. Some fish groups which were
considered as trash fish and number of sea snakes
were also counted. The dominant fish family caught
during 2005 and 2006 cruises are listed in the Table 3
and 4.
69
Ind.Fish Res.J. Vol.14 No.2 December-2008: 67-74
Figure 3.
Table 2.
Distribution of catch rate (kg per hour) in the survey area during 2005.
Summary of the catch rates of demersal fish caught USING bottom trawl in the South
China Sea-Indonesia, June 10 - 23, 2006
Items
Total No. of trawl station
Quantity
11
Items
Quantity
Mean of catch rate (kg/hr)
216.96
132.22
Minimum catch rate (kg/hr)
37.79
Standard deviation
Maximum catch rate (kg/hr)
504.71
Coefficient of variation (%)
60.0
500 kg
Figure 4.
70
Distribution of catch rate (kg per hour) in the survey area during 2006.
Demersal Fish Resources Result ….. South China Sea of Indonesia (Wudianto & Sumiono, B.)
During 2005 cruise, most of fish caught was
dominated by sharks and rays. Within this group the
species of Dasyatis kuhlii and Himantura gerrardi
provide the most dominant. The second dominant fish
group was catfish (Ariidae) and snappers (Lutjanidae).
Catfish group was dominated by Arius venosus and
A. thallasinus, while snappers group were dominated
by Lutjanus johni and Lutjanus vittus.
Table 3.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
The dominant fish caught using trawl during survey in 2005
Fish group
Sharks and Rays
Ariidae
Lutjanidae
Nemipteridae
Engraulidae
Mullidae
Carangidae
Table 4.
During 2005 survey, the third dominant group i.e.,
threadfin bream (Nemipteridae), anchovies
(Engraulidae), and goatfish (Mullidae) were caught by
trawl net. The threadfin bream group was dominated
by Scolopsis taeniopterus and Nemipterus
nematophorus. Anchovies group was dominated by
Stolephorus indicus, while goatfish were dominated
by Upeneus sundaicus and U. sulphureus.
Weight (kg)
259.6
90.7
84.4
62.5
58.4
58.4
37.5
%
24.9
8.7
8.1
6.0
5.6
5.6
3.6
No.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Fish group
Balistidae
Gerreidae
Synodontidae
Serranidae
Squids
Miscellaneous fish
Trash fishes
Weight (kg)
33.3
32.3
30.2
22.9
41.7
162.8
67.7
%
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.2
4.0
18.8
6.5
Average (kg/hr)
8.05
7.64
6.97
4.02
3.37
3.37
8.07
%
3.71
3.52
3.21
1.85
1.56
1.55
3.72
The dominant fish caught using trawl during survey in 2006
Fish groups
Lutjanidae
Nemipteridae
Synodontidae
Priacanthidae
Carangidae
Mullidae
Ariommatidae
Pentapodidae
Average (kg/hr)
20.40
18.41
14.26
13.67
13.64
13.55
8.38
8.10
%
9.40
8.49
6.57
6.30
6.29
6.25
3.86
3.73
Other relatively dominant fish group were trevallies
(Carangidae), trigger fish (Balistidae), silver biddies
(Gerreidae), lizard fish (Synodontidae), and groupers
(Serranidae). The trevallies were dominated by
Carangoides malabaricus, trigger fish by Abalistes
stellaris, silver biddies by Pentaprion longimanus,
lizard fish by Saurida micropectoralis and groupers
by Plectropomus malabaricus.
Other economically important fish group with
percentage of less than 2% of total catch were Spanish
mackerels (Scombridae, Scomberomorous
commerson), bulls eyes (Priacanthidae, Priacanthus
macracanthus), sweetlips (Pomadasydae,
Plectorynchus pictus), black pomfrets (Formionidae,
Formio niger), emperors (Lethrinidae, Lethrinus
lentjan), slipmouth (Leiognathidae, Leiognathus
elongatus and L. bindus), and baraccudas
(Sphyraenidae, Sphyraena jellow, and S. obstusata).
Some of pelagic fish of the family Carangidae such
as round scad (Decapterus maruadsi and Decapterus
akaadsi), yellow strip trevallies (Selaroides leptolepis)
No.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Fish groups
Caesionidae
Gerreidae
Leiognathidae
Serranidae
Sharks
Lethrinidae
Trash fish
and big eyed scad (Selar chromenopthalmus) were
found in a very small quantity. Other pelagic fish such
as chub mackerels (Rastrelliger kanagurta) was also
found in very small quantity.
Other non fish biota which was caught in
substantial quantity was the squids and cuttle fish
group. Squids were dominated by Loligo edulis and
Loligo singhalensis, while cuttle fish group by Sepia
aculeata. It was very few number of penaeid shrimp
were caught in this area that are only three specimens
of shrimp i. e. endeavour shrimp (Metapenaeus
endeavouri), coarse shrimp (Trachypenaeus
granulosus and Trachypenaeus asper) were found.
Crustaceans group was dominated by flathead lobster
(Thenus orientalis) and two specimens of ornate spiny
lobster (Panulirus ornatus).
Similar result was also found during 2006 survey
as shown in Table 4, the dominant catch were
occupied by families of Lutjanidae, Nemipteridae,
Priacantidae, Synodontidae, Carangidae, and
Mullidae.
71
Ind.Fish Res.J. Vol.14 No.2 December-2008: 67-74
Table 5.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Species
Pentaprion longimanus
Upeneus sundaicus
Scolopsis taenoptera
Upeneus sulphureus
Table 6.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Total length of some demersal fish during survey in 2005
TL range
(cm)
No.of
sample
No.
4.5-20.0
6.0-19.0
10.0-24.5
4.0-18.0
515
404
332
294
5.
6.
7.
8.
Species
Nemipterus tambuloides
Pterocaesio chrysozonus
Upeneus luzonius
Pentapodus setosus
TL range
(cm)
No.of
sample
5.0-18.0
5.0-14.0
6.0-13.5
9.0-19.0
204
162
150
121
TL range
(cm)
No.of
sample
7.0-23.0
17.0-27.5
9.5-19.5
17.0-26.0
19.5-26.0
19.5-26.0
87
34
257
26
24
6
Total length of some demersal fish during survey in 2006
Species
Pentaprion longimanus
Priacanthus macracanthus
Leiognathus bindus
Leiognathus cf aureus
Upeneus bensasi
Upeneus moluccensis
TL range
(cm)
No.of
sample
8.0-12.5
11.0-26.0
5.5-10.5
6.0-10.0
7.0-17.5
6.0-19.5
100
266
264
164
296
304
Length of Fish Frequency
A total of 3,188 individual fish from 35 species has
been measured. The ten most dominant measured
fish are listed in the following Table.
Table 5 and 6 indicated that most of demersal fish
species caught by trawl net during those cruises were
found in small size. From this phenomenon could
roughly conclude that some demersal fish species in
the South China Sea were already fully exploited.
CONCLUSSIONS
1. The distribution of catch rate for demersal fish
indicated that the higher fish abundance was
observed in the northern water area of the South
China Sea. The northern area was deeper water
comparing with the southern part area.
2. The catch composition during 2005 cruise survey
was dominated by families Ariidae, Lutjanidae, and
Nemipteridae. It is slightly different with catch
composition in 2006 cruise survey that was
dominated by Lutjanidae, Nemipteridae, and
Synodontidae.
No.
Species
Nemipterus
nematophorus
8. Nemipterus marginathus
9. Nemipterus bathybus
10. Scolopsis tayenopterus
11. Saurida undosquamis
12. Saurida micropectoralis
7.
conducted based on the research collaboration
between Research Center for Capture Fisheries and
SEAFDEC.
REFERENCES
Anonymous. 2002. Capture fisheries statistics of
Indonesia 2001. Directorate General of Capture
Fisheries. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries.
Jakarta.
Anonymous. 2006. Capture fisheries statistics of
Indonesia 2005. Directorate General of Capture
Fisheries. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries.
Jakarta.
Carpenter, K. E. & H. N. Volker (Eds). 1998. The living
marine resources of the Western Central Pacific.
Vol.2. Cephalopods, Crustaceans, Holothurians,
and Sharks. F. A. O. Rome. Italy.
Cholik, F., M. F. Sukadi, S. Nurhakim, I. G. S. Merta,
& J. Widodo. 1995. Evaluasi pengkajian sumber
daya perikanan laut. Pusat Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Perikanan. Badan Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Pertanian. 15 hal. (in Indonesian).
ACKNOWLEGMENT
Fischer, W. & P. J. P. Whitehead. (Eds.). 1974.
Species identification sheet for fishery purposes.
Eastern Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 57) and
Western Central Pacific (Fishing Area 71). Vol.IIV. F. A. O. Rome. Italy.
We would like to thank to all the team members
of M. V. SEAFDEC 2 survey during 2005 and 2006
cruise for helping to collect the data. This survey was
Tarp-Gloerfelt, T. and P. Kailola., 1985. Trawled fish
of the southern Indonesia and northern Australia.
ADAB –GTZ-DGF Indonesia. 406 p.
3. Some of demersal fish caught in small sizes, this
phenomenon indicated that the fish resources have
been fully exploited.
72
Demersal Fish Resources Result ….. South China Sea of Indonesia (Wudianto & Sumiono, B.)
Grey, D. L. & W. Dall. 1983. A guide to the Australian
penaeid prawn. Department of Primary Production.
Darwin. Northern Territory.
Holthuis, L. B. 1991. F. A. O. Species Catalogue.
Vol.13. Marine Lobster in the World. An annotated
and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to
the fisheries known to date. F. A. O. Fisheries
Synopsis. No.125. Vol.13. F. A. O. Rome. 292 p.
Johanesson, K. A. & R. B. Mitson. 1985. Fisheries
acoustic: A pratical manual for aquatic biomass
estimation. F. A. O. Fishery Tech. Paper. No.240.
Rome. 249 p.
Mansoor, M. I., K. H. Ida, Nakamura H. T., Asnan Z.,
& Abdullah. S. 1998. Field guide to important
commercial marine fishes of the South China Sea.
SEAFDEC MFRDMD/SP/2.
Saeger, J. P., P. Martosubroto, & D. Pauly. 1976. Fish
report of the Indonesia German demersal fisheries
project. Result of a trawl survey in the Sunda Shelf
area. Laporan Penelitian Perikanan Laut No.1:146.
South China Sea. 1979. Report of workshop on
demersal and pelagic fish resources in the Java
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19 p.
Shindo, S. 1973. General review of the trawl fisheries
and the demersal fish stock of the South China
Sea. F. A. O. Fishery Tech. Pap. No.120. F. A. O.
Rome.
Wyrtki, K. 1961. Physical oceanography of the south
east Asian waters. Naga Report. 2. 195 p
73
Ind.Fish Res.J. Vol.14 No.2 December-2008: 67-74
Appendix 1.
74
Design of bottom trawl used for demersal fish sampling
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References should be cited in the text by the author(s)’ family or last name and date in one or two forms: Wang (1985) or
(Wang, 1985). For references with more than two authors, cite the first author plus et al. Full citation in alphabetical order is
required for the references list in the following style:
Sunarno, M.T.D., A. Wibowo & Subagja. 2007. Identifikasi tiga kelompok ikan belida (Chitala lopis) di Sungai Tulang Bawang,
Kampar dan Kapuas dengan pendekatan biometrik. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia. 13 (3): 1-14.
Sadhotomo, B. 2006. Review of environmental features of the Java Sea. Indonesia Fisheries Research Journal. 12 (2): 129-157.
Collins, A. 1977. Process in acquiring knowledge. In Anderson, R.C., Spiro, R.J. and Montaque, W.E. (eds.). Schooling and the
Acquisition of Knowledge. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey. p.339-363
Bose, A.N., Ghosh, S.N., Yang, C.T. and Mitra, A. 1991. Coastal Aquaculture Engineering. Oxford & IBH Pub. Co. Prt. Ltd., New
Delhi. 365 pp.
Smith, T.I.J. and Sandifer, P.O. 1983. Development of prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergil) farms in temperate climates:
Prospects and problems in the United States. In Roger, G.L., Day, D. and Um, A. (eds.) Proceedings of the First International
Conference on Warm Water Aquaculture - Crustacea. Brigham Young University, Laie, Hawaii, USA. p 109-126.
Unpublished materials should not be used, except for thesis which is cited as follows:
Simpson, B.K. 1984. Isolation, Characterization and Some Applications of Trypsin from Greenland Cod (Gadus morhua).
PhD Thesis. Memorial University of New Foundland, St. John’s, New Foundland, Canada. 179 pp.
-
Acronyms or uncommon abbreviations must be given in full with the first mentions; new abbreviations should be coined
only for unwieldy name and should not be used at all unless the names occur frequently.
-
Latin name and family of the species should be given besides its common name at first mention in the manuscript, and the
common name only for the next mentions.
-
SI Systems should be used for all measurements.
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Reprint: A free reprint of the journal issue in which the paper is published will be sent to the author.
ISSN 0853 - 8980
INDONESIAN FISHERIES RESEARCH JOURNAL
Volume 14 Number 2 December 2008
Acreditation Number: 101/Akred-LIPI/P2MBI/10/2007
(Period: November 2007-November 2010)
Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal is the English edition of
fisheries research journal. The first published in 1994 with publishing frequently is
once a year. Since 2005, this journal published twice on JUNE and DECEMBER.
Head of Editor Board:
Prof. Dr. Ir. Endi Setiadi Kartamihardja, M.Sc.
Members of Editor Board:
Prof. Dr. John Haluan
Dr. Ir. Subhat Nurhakim, M.S.
Dr. Ir. Wudianto, M.Sc.
Dr. Ir. Indra Jaya
Refrees for this Number:
Prof. Dr. Ir. Ari Purbayanto, M.Sc. (Bogor Agriculture Institute)
Dr. Ir. Setyo Budi Susilo, M.Sc. (Bogor Agriculture Institute)
Dr. Ir. Augy Syahailatua (Research Center for Oceanography-Indonesian Institute for of Science)
Managing Editors:
Dra. Endang Sriyati
Arvy Herdianto Firmansyah
Published by:
Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research
Manuscript send to the publisher:
Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal
Research Center for Capture Fisheries
Jl. Pasir Putih I Ancol Timur Jakarta 14430 Indonesia
Phone (021) 64711940
Fax: (021) 6402640
Email: rccf_office@indo.net.id
Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal is published by Research Center for Capture
Fisheries. Budgeting F.Y. 2008.
PREFACE
Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal Volume 14 No.2 December 2008 is the second publising English Journal
of Research Center for Capture Fisheries in 2008. This journal is one of media for communication of fisheries
scientiest. This publication is supported by the financial budget of Research Center for Capture Fisheries, fy 2008.
This number contains six scientific papers concerning one article of inland waters, three papers of marine resources,
and two papers of post harvest technology fisheries.
We deeply thank to the editorial boards for their highly contribution in evaluating the papers before published.
Their effort had increased the quality of the journal. Finally, we hope this journal would contribute to fisheries science
as well as development of fisheries in Indonesia.
Editor
i
ISSN 0853 - 8980
INDONESIAN FISHERIES RESEARCH JOURNAL
Vol.14 No.2 - December 2008
CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE ………………………………………………………………………………………........................
i
CONTENTS ………………………………………………………………………………………..….....………..
iii
Fish Community Structure in Relation to Water Quality of the Down Stream of Musi River, South Sumatera,
Indonesia
By: Husnah, Eko Prianto, Makri, and Hilda Z. Dahlan …………………………………….....…………..……
51-65
Demersal Fish Resources Result of MV. SEAFDEC 2 Survey in the South China Sea of Indonesia
By: Wudianto and Bambang Sumiono …………………………………………………………......…………..
67-74
Biological Aspects, Density, and Distribution of the Alfonsino (Beryx splendens) in the Indian Ocean
Ekslusive Economic Zone of Indonesia
By: Fayakun Satria, John Haluan, Eko Sri Wiyono, and Wudianto …………….....………………….…….
75-82
Additional Valid Record of Marbled Hawkfish, Cirrhites pinnulatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Perciformes:
Cirrhitidae) from North Sulawesi
By: Teguh Peristiwady …………………………………………………………........…………………………….
83-89
Antibacterial Potency of Chitosan Oligomer Produced by Bacillus Licheniformis MB-2 Chitosanase
By: Ekowati Chasanah, Meidina, and Maggy T. Suhartono ……………………........………………………..
91-95
Use of Aspergillus repens in the Moulding Process of Dried Fish Stick Made from Little Tuna
(Euthynnus affinis)
By: Hari Eko Irianto, Fran Santoso, Jamal Basmal, and Ninoek Indriati …….......…………………….……
97-101
iii
www.p4ksi.litbang.kkp.go.id
Demersal Fish Resources Result ….. South China Sea of Indonesia (Wudianto & Sumiono, B.)
DEMERSAL FISH RESOURCES RESULT OF MV. SEAFDEC 2 SURVEY
IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA OF INDONESIA
Wudianto1) and Bambang Sumiono2)
1)
Research Center for Capture Fisheries, Ancol-Jakarta
Research Institute for Marine Fisheries, Muara Baru-Jakarta
Received November 4-2008; Received in revised form November 14-2008; Accepted November 26-2008
2)
ABSTRACT
The South China Sea is belonging to western part of Sunda shelf which consisted of shallow
water in the southern part and deep water in the northern part area. The area of Indonesian water in
the South China Sea is estimated 595,000 km2 including exclusive economic zone waters. Some
fisheries activities are concentrated in coastal area especially to exploit small pelagic and demersal
fish. During 2005 to 2006, a survey on estimation of demersal fish resources has been conducted in
the South China Sea by using MV. SEAFDEC 2. These surveys are a collaboration research between
Research Center for Capture Fisheries-Indonesia and SEAFDEC. Bottom trawl net was used as
sampling equipment and swept area method was applied for estimation demersal fish abundance.
During 2005, survey was carried out in the southern part area composting of 20 trawl stations which
one trawl station was fails. The catch rates were varied between 11.27 and 131.6 kg per hour. In 2006,
the location of survey shifted to the northern part area composting of 11 trawl stations. The catch rate
in this cruise was found higher than that of the 2005 cruise. The lowest catch rate recorded was 37.79
kg per hour and the highest one was 507.71 kg per hour. The catch composition caught during both
cruises was dominated by demersal fish species such as Lutjanidae, Ariidae, Nemipteridae,
Synodontidae, Priacanthidae, and Mullidae.
KEYWORDS:
demersal fish, abundance, South China Sea, MV. SEAFDEC 2
INTRODUCTION
The South China Sea is a continental shelf belongs
to the western part of the Sunda Shelf with the average
depth of 70 m, flat bottom, and with stratification of
water mass by seasons (Wyrtki, 1961). As part of
the Sunda Shelf, the South China Sea is shallows
water and has no plain base topography, so it is not
enable to divide the column waters according to the
depth. The area of South China Sea belong to
Indonesia is estimated 595,000 km2 (South China
Sea, 1979; Cholik et al., 1995).
were dominated by small pelagic fish resources which
were exploited by purse seine fishery. The contribution
of the pelagic catch is approximately at around 45%
of total landed (Anon., 2002). A previous acoustic
study carried out by Johanesson & Mitson (1985)
showed that the estimated densities as an indicator
of abundance fluctuated by the season.
Recently, the development of fisheries resources
exploitation leads to a competition, since the hi-tech
vessels allowed to operate in the Indonesian exclusive
economic zone of South China Sea, whereas the
fisheries activities are concentrated in the coastal area
and in surrounding waters of several small islands.
Consequently, both fishing pressure and competition
among fishers for the resource in the area will increase
and may accelerate conflicts among them.
Recent study based on landing sites around South
China Sea on all groups of demersal, small pelagic
and crustacean species and estimated trough surplus
production models showed that the resources has
already heavily exploited (Anon., 2006). To clarify and
updating these phenomenon as a part of national
program on fish stock assessment, the information
seems to be reevaluated through in situ on board
observation. The recent and modern research
equipment installed on M. V. SEAFDEC 2 was
available to be used as a platform on this program.
This paper presented the demersal fish resources as
results of M. V. SEAFDEC 2 survey which were
conducted in 2005 and 2006.
The global environmental condition in this area is
governed by monsoonal changes. Previous research
carried out in 1978, 1985, 1994, and 2002 showed
that the fish resources consisted of typical tropical
shallow oceanic waters species i.e. demersal, small
pelagic and shrimp resources. A few existing fishery
The objectives of this study were as follows 1) to
identify the distribution and abundance of demersal
fish resources; 2) to identify the catch composition of
demersal fish; and 3) to observe some biological
parameter of some demersal fish with emphasize on
size of fish.
Corresponding author:
Jl. Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur-Jakarta 14430, E-mail: rccf_office@indo.net.id
67
Ind.Fish Res.J. Vol.14 No.2 December-2008: 67-74
MATERIALS DAN METHODS
standard parallel transect for acoustic and bottom trawl
survey.
Survey Area and Cruise
Geographic location of the research area is shown
in Figure 1 for cruise in 2005 and Figure 2 for cruise
in 2006. The main survey area is characterized by
inshore and offshore waters. Several small islands
with there surrounding area were belonging to
untrawlable grounds. The cruises were designed as a
Figure 1 and 2 show that during 2005 survey the
site of study located in the southern part area, whereas
during 2006 survey the area of study shifted to the
northern part area. In 2005 and 2006, the duration of
survey was 20 days (from 12 June to 3 July 2005) and
13 days (from 10 June to 23 June 2006) including
bunkering and replenishment, respectively.
Figure 1.
Map of survey area by M. V. SEAFDEC 2 in South China Sea Indonesia, June 13 - July 2,
2005.
Figure 2.
Map of survey area by M. V. SEAFDEC 2 in South China Sea, Indonesia, 10 to 23 June 1013, 2006.
68
Demersal Fish Resources Result ….. South China Sea of Indonesia (Wudianto & Sumiono, B.)
Research Vessel and Equipments
The cruises were carried out using the research
vessel M. V. SEAFDEC 2, with specification is a 207
gross tonnage, 32.5 m in length, and 7.2 m in wide.
The gear and equipments used were fisheries acoustic
instruments, bottom trawl fishing, squid jigging, bongo
paired plankton net and oceanographic equipments.
Bottom trawl net of 17.30 m in head rope was used,
with mesh size for cod end of 60 mm as shown in
Appendix 1.
et al., 1998; Carpenter & Volker,1998; Grey &
Dall,1983; Holthuis, 1991). Catch data in the form of
weight and number were filled into a fishing log sheet.
The length and weight frequency measurements were
done to some relatively dominant species.
Swept area method was applied to estimate
demersal fish abundance which is indicated by catch
per unit effort (catch per hour trawling) (Shindo, 1973;
Saeger et al., 1976).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Methodology
Catch Rate
The position of sampling stations were set up
systematically along the latitude on the hydro acoustic
transect lines. Prior to each trawling station an
oceanographic survey was carried out. In 2005, a total
of 20 trawl fishing, 20 oceanographic sampling
stations, and 20 larval stations have been completed.
From total of 20 trawling stations, one trawl fishing
should be considered unsuccessful due to some
technical problems. The otter boards were upside down
during the towing of the nets, which resulted in the
improper opening at trawl mouth. During 2006 the
survey has been carried out on 11 trawling stations,
30 oceanographic stations, and 30 larvae sampling
stations.
Trawl net was towed in one hour duration at the
vessel speed of 3 knots. Fish catches were sorted
and weighted. Sorting of fish were carried out whenever
possible until species level, genus or family (Fisher
& Whitehead, 1974; Tarp & Kailola, 1984; Mansoor
Table 1.
Catch rate could provide as indicator for the index
of abundance of fish resources. During cruise 2005,
the lowest catch rate of about 11.27 kg per hour was
occurred at the station number 7, while the highest
catch rate was occurred at the station number 13.
The summary of the catch rates during 2005 cruise is
presented in Table 1, and the distribution of catch
rates are illustrated in Figure 3.
The relatively high variation in catch rate indicate
that the distribution of demersal fish resource in this
area during the survey periods was somewhat forming
cluster. This was likely due to the occurring differences
in bottom substrate. In the central area of the southern
part of South China Sea, the bottom substrate was
dominated by giant cup sponges (Poterion sp.) mix
with some life corals. This was indicated by the
occurrences of the butterfly fish, Coradion sp. of the
family Chaetodontidae.
Summary of the catch rates of demersal fish caught using bottom trawl in the South China
Sea-Indonesia, June 13 - July 2, 2005
Items
Total No. of trawl station
Quantity
20
Items
Quantity
Mean of catch rate (kg/hr)
57.9
Minimum catch rate (kg/hr)
11.27
Standard deviation
34.8
Maximum catch rate (kg/hr)
131.6
Coefficient of variation (%)
60.0
In 2006 cruise was carried out in 13 trawling
stations with catch rates fluctuated from 37.79 kg per
hour to 504.71 kg per hour with an average of 216.96
kg per hour as shown in Table 2. Spatial distribution
of catch rates are illustrated in Figure 4.
Figure 4 show that the high abundance of fish was
found in the southeast part of South China Sea where
this area is shallower than the northern part area.
Catch Composition
A total of approximately 149 species of bony fish
and elasmobranch, three species of cephalopod, five
species of crustacean including shrimp, and lobsters
has been recorded. Some fish groups which were
considered as trash fish and number of sea snakes
were also counted. The dominant fish family caught
during 2005 and 2006 cruises are listed in the Table 3
and 4.
69
Ind.Fish Res.J. Vol.14 No.2 December-2008: 67-74
Figure 3.
Table 2.
Distribution of catch rate (kg per hour) in the survey area during 2005.
Summary of the catch rates of demersal fish caught USING bottom trawl in the South
China Sea-Indonesia, June 10 - 23, 2006
Items
Total No. of trawl station
Quantity
11
Items
Quantity
Mean of catch rate (kg/hr)
216.96
132.22
Minimum catch rate (kg/hr)
37.79
Standard deviation
Maximum catch rate (kg/hr)
504.71
Coefficient of variation (%)
60.0
500 kg
Figure 4.
70
Distribution of catch rate (kg per hour) in the survey area during 2006.
Demersal Fish Resources Result ….. South China Sea of Indonesia (Wudianto & Sumiono, B.)
During 2005 cruise, most of fish caught was
dominated by sharks and rays. Within this group the
species of Dasyatis kuhlii and Himantura gerrardi
provide the most dominant. The second dominant fish
group was catfish (Ariidae) and snappers (Lutjanidae).
Catfish group was dominated by Arius venosus and
A. thallasinus, while snappers group were dominated
by Lutjanus johni and Lutjanus vittus.
Table 3.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
The dominant fish caught using trawl during survey in 2005
Fish group
Sharks and Rays
Ariidae
Lutjanidae
Nemipteridae
Engraulidae
Mullidae
Carangidae
Table 4.
During 2005 survey, the third dominant group i.e.,
threadfin bream (Nemipteridae), anchovies
(Engraulidae), and goatfish (Mullidae) were caught by
trawl net. The threadfin bream group was dominated
by Scolopsis taeniopterus and Nemipterus
nematophorus. Anchovies group was dominated by
Stolephorus indicus, while goatfish were dominated
by Upeneus sundaicus and U. sulphureus.
Weight (kg)
259.6
90.7
84.4
62.5
58.4
58.4
37.5
%
24.9
8.7
8.1
6.0
5.6
5.6
3.6
No.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Fish group
Balistidae
Gerreidae
Synodontidae
Serranidae
Squids
Miscellaneous fish
Trash fishes
Weight (kg)
33.3
32.3
30.2
22.9
41.7
162.8
67.7
%
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.2
4.0
18.8
6.5
Average (kg/hr)
8.05
7.64
6.97
4.02
3.37
3.37
8.07
%
3.71
3.52
3.21
1.85
1.56
1.55
3.72
The dominant fish caught using trawl during survey in 2006
Fish groups
Lutjanidae
Nemipteridae
Synodontidae
Priacanthidae
Carangidae
Mullidae
Ariommatidae
Pentapodidae
Average (kg/hr)
20.40
18.41
14.26
13.67
13.64
13.55
8.38
8.10
%
9.40
8.49
6.57
6.30
6.29
6.25
3.86
3.73
Other relatively dominant fish group were trevallies
(Carangidae), trigger fish (Balistidae), silver biddies
(Gerreidae), lizard fish (Synodontidae), and groupers
(Serranidae). The trevallies were dominated by
Carangoides malabaricus, trigger fish by Abalistes
stellaris, silver biddies by Pentaprion longimanus,
lizard fish by Saurida micropectoralis and groupers
by Plectropomus malabaricus.
Other economically important fish group with
percentage of less than 2% of total catch were Spanish
mackerels (Scombridae, Scomberomorous
commerson), bulls eyes (Priacanthidae, Priacanthus
macracanthus), sweetlips (Pomadasydae,
Plectorynchus pictus), black pomfrets (Formionidae,
Formio niger), emperors (Lethrinidae, Lethrinus
lentjan), slipmouth (Leiognathidae, Leiognathus
elongatus and L. bindus), and baraccudas
(Sphyraenidae, Sphyraena jellow, and S. obstusata).
Some of pelagic fish of the family Carangidae such
as round scad (Decapterus maruadsi and Decapterus
akaadsi), yellow strip trevallies (Selaroides leptolepis)
No.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Fish groups
Caesionidae
Gerreidae
Leiognathidae
Serranidae
Sharks
Lethrinidae
Trash fish
and big eyed scad (Selar chromenopthalmus) were
found in a very small quantity. Other pelagic fish such
as chub mackerels (Rastrelliger kanagurta) was also
found in very small quantity.
Other non fish biota which was caught in
substantial quantity was the squids and cuttle fish
group. Squids were dominated by Loligo edulis and
Loligo singhalensis, while cuttle fish group by Sepia
aculeata. It was very few number of penaeid shrimp
were caught in this area that are only three specimens
of shrimp i. e. endeavour shrimp (Metapenaeus
endeavouri), coarse shrimp (Trachypenaeus
granulosus and Trachypenaeus asper) were found.
Crustaceans group was dominated by flathead lobster
(Thenus orientalis) and two specimens of ornate spiny
lobster (Panulirus ornatus).
Similar result was also found during 2006 survey
as shown in Table 4, the dominant catch were
occupied by families of Lutjanidae, Nemipteridae,
Priacantidae, Synodontidae, Carangidae, and
Mullidae.
71
Ind.Fish Res.J. Vol.14 No.2 December-2008: 67-74
Table 5.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Species
Pentaprion longimanus
Upeneus sundaicus
Scolopsis taenoptera
Upeneus sulphureus
Table 6.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Total length of some demersal fish during survey in 2005
TL range
(cm)
No.of
sample
No.
4.5-20.0
6.0-19.0
10.0-24.5
4.0-18.0
515
404
332
294
5.
6.
7.
8.
Species
Nemipterus tambuloides
Pterocaesio chrysozonus
Upeneus luzonius
Pentapodus setosus
TL range
(cm)
No.of
sample
5.0-18.0
5.0-14.0
6.0-13.5
9.0-19.0
204
162
150
121
TL range
(cm)
No.of
sample
7.0-23.0
17.0-27.5
9.5-19.5
17.0-26.0
19.5-26.0
19.5-26.0
87
34
257
26
24
6
Total length of some demersal fish during survey in 2006
Species
Pentaprion longimanus
Priacanthus macracanthus
Leiognathus bindus
Leiognathus cf aureus
Upeneus bensasi
Upeneus moluccensis
TL range
(cm)
No.of
sample
8.0-12.5
11.0-26.0
5.5-10.5
6.0-10.0
7.0-17.5
6.0-19.5
100
266
264
164
296
304
Length of Fish Frequency
A total of 3,188 individual fish from 35 species has
been measured. The ten most dominant measured
fish are listed in the following Table.
Table 5 and 6 indicated that most of demersal fish
species caught by trawl net during those cruises were
found in small size. From this phenomenon could
roughly conclude that some demersal fish species in
the South China Sea were already fully exploited.
CONCLUSSIONS
1. The distribution of catch rate for demersal fish
indicated that the higher fish abundance was
observed in the northern water area of the South
China Sea. The northern area was deeper water
comparing with the southern part area.
2. The catch composition during 2005 cruise survey
was dominated by families Ariidae, Lutjanidae, and
Nemipteridae. It is slightly different with catch
composition in 2006 cruise survey that was
dominated by Lutjanidae, Nemipteridae, and
Synodontidae.
No.
Species
Nemipterus
nematophorus
8. Nemipterus marginathus
9. Nemipterus bathybus
10. Scolopsis tayenopterus
11. Saurida undosquamis
12. Saurida micropectoralis
7.
conducted based on the research collaboration
between Research Center for Capture Fisheries and
SEAFDEC.
REFERENCES
Anonymous. 2002. Capture fisheries statistics of
Indonesia 2001. Directorate General of Capture
Fisheries. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries.
Jakarta.
Anonymous. 2006. Capture fisheries statistics of
Indonesia 2005. Directorate General of Capture
Fisheries. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries.
Jakarta.
Carpenter, K. E. & H. N. Volker (Eds). 1998. The living
marine resources of the Western Central Pacific.
Vol.2. Cephalopods, Crustaceans, Holothurians,
and Sharks. F. A. O. Rome. Italy.
Cholik, F., M. F. Sukadi, S. Nurhakim, I. G. S. Merta,
& J. Widodo. 1995. Evaluasi pengkajian sumber
daya perikanan laut. Pusat Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Perikanan. Badan Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Pertanian. 15 hal. (in Indonesian).
ACKNOWLEGMENT
Fischer, W. & P. J. P. Whitehead. (Eds.). 1974.
Species identification sheet for fishery purposes.
Eastern Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 57) and
Western Central Pacific (Fishing Area 71). Vol.IIV. F. A. O. Rome. Italy.
We would like to thank to all the team members
of M. V. SEAFDEC 2 survey during 2005 and 2006
cruise for helping to collect the data. This survey was
Tarp-Gloerfelt, T. and P. Kailola., 1985. Trawled fish
of the southern Indonesia and northern Australia.
ADAB –GTZ-DGF Indonesia. 406 p.
3. Some of demersal fish caught in small sizes, this
phenomenon indicated that the fish resources have
been fully exploited.
72
Demersal Fish Resources Result ….. South China Sea of Indonesia (Wudianto & Sumiono, B.)
Grey, D. L. & W. Dall. 1983. A guide to the Australian
penaeid prawn. Department of Primary Production.
Darwin. Northern Territory.
Holthuis, L. B. 1991. F. A. O. Species Catalogue.
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and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to
the fisheries known to date. F. A. O. Fisheries
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Johanesson, K. A. & R. B. Mitson. 1985. Fisheries
acoustic: A pratical manual for aquatic biomass
estimation. F. A. O. Fishery Tech. Paper. No.240.
Rome. 249 p.
Mansoor, M. I., K. H. Ida, Nakamura H. T., Asnan Z.,
& Abdullah. S. 1998. Field guide to important
commercial marine fishes of the South China Sea.
SEAFDEC MFRDMD/SP/2.
Saeger, J. P., P. Martosubroto, & D. Pauly. 1976. Fish
report of the Indonesia German demersal fisheries
project. Result of a trawl survey in the Sunda Shelf
area. Laporan Penelitian Perikanan Laut No.1:146.
South China Sea. 1979. Report of workshop on
demersal and pelagic fish resources in the Java
Sea. SEAFDEC. South China Sea (Gen/79/20).
19 p.
Shindo, S. 1973. General review of the trawl fisheries
and the demersal fish stock of the South China
Sea. F. A. O. Fishery Tech. Pap. No.120. F. A. O.
Rome.
Wyrtki, K. 1961. Physical oceanography of the south
east Asian waters. Naga Report. 2. 195 p
73
Ind.Fish Res.J. Vol.14 No.2 December-2008: 67-74
Appendix 1.
74
Design of bottom trawl used for demersal fish sampling
INDONESIAN FISHERIES RESEARCH JOURNAL
Instructions for Authors
Scope
Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal publishes research results on resources, oceanography and limnology for fisheries,
fisheries biology, management, socio-economic and enhancement, resource utilization, aquaculture, post harvest, of marine,
coastal and inland waters.
Manuscripts submission
Manuscripts submitted to the Journal must be original with clear definition of objective, materials used and methods applied and
should not have been published of offered for publication elsewhere. The manuscripts should be written in English, in doublespaced typing on one side A4-size white papers. Three copies of the manuscripts and a disk containing the manuscript file (s)
produced using MS Word must be submitted to the Managing Editor, Jl. Pasir Putih I Ancol Timur, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia,
E-mail: rccf_office@indo.net.id. There are no page charges for the manuscripts accepted for publications, unless otherwise
indicated below.
Manuscripts preparation
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A title page should be provided which shows the title and the name(s) of the author(s). The author(s)’ position and affiliation
should be written as footnotes at the bottom of the title page.
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Title should not be more than 15 words.
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Abstract summarizes the study is not more than 250 words. Keywords (3-5) must be provided and conform with Agrovocs.
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Introduction should concisely establish the relate to which the article concerns, the purpose and the importance of the work.
Do not use any sub-headings.
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Materials and Methods should clearly and concisely describe the experiment with sufficient detail for independent repetition.
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Results are presented with optimum clarity with unnecessary detail. No same results should be presented in both tables and
figures. Tables (double spaced, same font size with text, no vertical line, lower case supercript letters to indicate, footnotes),
and illustration/figures should be printed on separate sheets and given arabic number consecutively. illustration/figures
should be submitted in original (1) and copied (2) forms and be sufficiently sharp for reproduction. 1 Photographs are
preferably black and white on glossy papers with good contrast. Color photographs of good quality are acceptable but the
cost of reproduction must be paid for by the author(s). Exemption for bearing the cost can be sought from the publisher by
written request.
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Conclusion should be short with regard to the title, objectives, and discussion of results.
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Acknowledgement, if necessary, should be kept minimum (less than 40 words).
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References should be cited in the text by the author(s)’ family or last name and date in one or two forms: Wang (1985) or
(Wang, 1985). For references with more than two authors, cite the first author plus et al. Full citation in alphabetical order is
required for the references list in the following style:
Sunarno, M.T.D., A. Wibowo & Subagja. 2007. Identifikasi tiga kelompok ikan belida (Chitala lopis) di Sungai Tulang Bawang,
Kampar dan Kapuas dengan pendekatan biometrik. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia. 13 (3): 1-14.
Sadhotomo, B. 2006. Review of environmental features of the Java Sea. Indonesia Fisheries Research Journal. 12 (2): 129-157.
Collins, A. 1977. Process in acquiring knowledge. In Anderson, R.C., Spiro, R.J. and Montaque, W.E. (eds.). Schooling and the
Acquisition of Knowledge. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey. p.339-363
Bose, A.N., Ghosh, S.N., Yang, C.T. and Mitra, A. 1991. Coastal Aquaculture Engineering. Oxford & IBH Pub. Co. Prt. Ltd., New
Delhi. 365 pp.
Smith, T.I.J. and Sandifer, P.O. 1983. Development of prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergil) farms in temperate climates:
Prospects and problems in the United States. In Roger, G.L., Day, D. and Um, A. (eds.) Proceedings of the First International
Conference on Warm Water Aquaculture - Crustacea. Brigham Young University, Laie, Hawaii, USA. p 109-126.
Unpublished materials should not be used, except for thesis which is cited as follows:
Simpson, B.K. 1984. Isolation, Characterization and Some Applications of Trypsin from Greenland Cod (Gadus morhua).
PhD Thesis. Memorial University of New Foundland, St. John’s, New Foundland, Canada. 179 pp.
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Acronyms or uncommon abbreviations must be given in full with the first mentions; new abbreviations should be coined
only for unwieldy name and should not be used at all unless the names occur frequently.
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Latin name and family of the species should be given besides its common name at first mention in the manuscript, and the
common name only for the next mentions.
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SI Systems should be used for all measurements.
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Reprint: A free reprint of the journal issue in which the paper is published will be sent to the author.